Ammonium nitrate feem ntau yog siv los ua chiv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb. Nws nyob ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av chiv, vim nws muaj ob hom nitrogen yooj yim rau cov nroj tsuag.
Composition
Cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov chiv no yog nitrogen. Nws yog nws cov ntsiab lus uas txiav txim siab siv ammonium nitrate nyob rau hauv kev siv ntawm agronomic thiab horticultural reclamation ntsuas. Nws cov feem loj hauv cov chiv no nce mus txog 35%.
Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm nitrogen yog txhim kho los ntawm leej faj, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov rog. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau yam microelements muaj nyob rau hauv s altpeter, tab sis lawv tsis nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj nquag, tab sis rau impurities.
Fot yog cov khoom siv dawb dawb nrog lub ntsej muag greyish.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub cev ntawm nitrogen thiab potassium
Nitrogen yog lub ntsiab macronutrient,tsim nyog rau tag nrho cov nroj tsuag. Nws koom nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, txhim kho lawv txoj kev tiv thaiv kab mob, txhim kho cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein thiab nws qhov zoo, thiab nce cov txiaj ntsig.
Potassium nitrate kuj suav nrog cov poov tshuaj. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob, pab ntxiv dag zog rau cov hauv paus hniav, ua rau cov nroj tsuag tiv taus dej nag thiab Frost, txhim kho saj thiab zoo li ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov qoob loo.
Hom, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Cov khoom thiab kev siv ammonium nitrate feem ntau txiav txim siab los ntawm daim ntawv tsim cov chiv. Kev lag luam tsim cov hom hauv qab no:
- Ammonia yooj yim yog siv los muab cov qoob loo nrog nitrogen thaum pib ntawm kev loj hlob.
- Ammonia brand "B". Nws muab faib ua ob hom. Nws yog tsuas yog npaj rau kev loj hlob sab hauv nroj tsuag thiab seedlings. Muaj qhov ntim nruab nrab.
- YPotassium. Ntxiv nrog rau nitrogen raws li macronutrient, nws kuj muaj cov poov tshuaj. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav rau pre-sowing hnav khaub ncaws, nrog rau sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm budding, flowering thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsim. Nws yog dav siv rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub.
- Limestone. Ammonium nitrate yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog los txhawb cov av nrog nitrogen, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no kuj deoxidize nws, vim nws kuj muaj magnesium thiab calcium nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, ntxiv rau cov yav tas los tham txog nitrogen thiab poov tshuaj. Nws muab faib ua ob hom: granular thiab yooj yim. Thawj qhov yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws khaws cia. Kev siv cov calcium ammonium nitrate yog txhim kho los ntawm cov roj roj, uas ua rau nws zoo dua digestibilitynroj tsuag.
- Calcium. Nws muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus no, nws yog siv feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov pib ntawm cov hauv paus hniav lwj vim tsis muaj calcium.
- NYIAJ Magnesium. Feem ntau siv rau legumes thiab zaub.
- Sodium. Xws li cov khoom ntawm tib lub npe, haum rau txhua hom av.
Fertilizer zoo:
- txhawb nqa av ntxiv nrog nitrogen hauv daim ntawv uas yooj yim rau cov nroj tsuag;
- txhim kho kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag raws li nws tau thov;
- nce yields thiab txhim kho qoob loo zoo;
- pab txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv photosynthetic;
- muaj cov granules uas yooj yim soluble hauv dej, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv tsis tau tsuas yog qhuav, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv yaj.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm ammonium nitrate:
- muaj cov khoom tawg, uas ua rau kev siv ammonium nitrate hauv pyrotechnics;
- muaj hluav taws kub txaus ntshai;
- siab hygroscopic, heev caking;
- yuav ua rau kub hnyiab yog tias nws nkag mus rau qhov chaw ntsuab ntawm cov nroj tsuag;
- pab txhawb kom nce ntxiv ntawm nitrates hauv cov qoob loo uas nkag siab tshaj plaws rau nitrate daim ntawv ntawm nitrogen.
Siv cov av sib txawv
Daim ntawv thov ntawm ammonium nitrate fertilizer yog txawv me ntsis nyob ntawm seb hom av. Qhov no yogvim lub fact tias cov rog nws tus kheej yog physiologically acidic. Thaum thov rau ntau yam acidic av, suav nrog podzolic sawv daws yuav, nws yuav tsum tau siv calcium carbonate ntawm ib koob ntawm 75% ntawm cov ntsev ntsev. Ntawm hom nruab nrab thiab alkaline, daim ntawv thov ntxiv no tsis ua tiav.
Ua ntej siv, yog pom cov chiv chiv, nws yuav tsum tau tawg kom nws cov qauv crumbly. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias nyob rau hauv cov pob loj loj nws yuav yaj rau lub sijhawm ntev txaus thiab tuaj yeem ua rau hlawv rau cov nroj tsuag.
Kev siv ntsev rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav pab txhawb kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Nitrate tsuj roj
Nitrogen hauv ammonium nitrate yog nyob rau hauv ob hom - ammonium thiab nitrate. Cov tshuaj tom kawg yog tsim nyog rau kev noj haus ntawm ntau yam nroj tsuag. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lawv cov ntsiab lus, vim tias yog tias lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub cev ntau dhau, lawv hloov mus ua nitrites, nitrosamines, uas yog cov carcinogenic hauv cov xwm txheej.
Yog li ntawd, thaum siv ammonium nitrate chiv hauv lub vaj lossis lwm qhov chaw, nws yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov cai pom zoo. Cucurbits thiab gourds tuaj yeem sau ntau cov nitrates, yog li nws yog qhov zoo dua rau fertilize lawv nrog lwm hom nitrogen chiv, uas nitrogen tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ammonium, xws li urea.
Lwm cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tsis pub noj nrog rog hauv nqe lus nug ob lub lis piam ua ntej sau.
Daim Ntawv Thov Tus Nqi
Kev siv ammonium nitrate hauv lub tebchaws yuav tsumcoj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv kev ua raws li yuav tsum tau cov qauv, thiaj li tsis mus ua phem rau cov nroj tsuag thiab tsis pab mus rau lub tsub zuj zuj ntawm ntau tshaj nitrates los ntawm cov nyiaj txiag muaj nqis ntawm cov qoob loo. Ua ntej cog ntau yam kev ua liaj ua teb thiab cov qoob loo ornamental, siv cov tshuaj aqueous, siv rau qhov tob txog li 12 cm. Qhov concentration hauv qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm kev sib cais 30-40 g ntawm cov chiv hauv nqe lus nug / 10 l dej.
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum ntxov, ammonium nitrate tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ntau. Yog tias cog cov noob, ces tus nqi ntawm nws siv yog 2-3 g / zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov av npaj rau cog hauv paus qoob loo, 25-30 g ntawm chiv nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug ib 1 sq. meter. Yog tias tsis tau siv cov chiv nitrogen yav dhau los hauv thaj chaw no, ces cov koob tshuaj tuaj yeem nce mus rau 50 g.
Thaum siv ammonium nitrate ua cov hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus, nws yog siv hauv cov tshuaj hauv qab no:
- cag qoob loo - 5-7 g / sq. m, nqa tawm ob zaug thaum lub caij loj hlob - ua ntej paj thiab tom qab lub zes qe menyuam tsim;
- lwm zaub - 5-10 g / sq. m los ntawm pouring granules rau hauv lub recesses nyob rau hauv cov av 10-14 hnub tom qab tua tshwm rau saum npoo;
- txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab tsob ntoo - 15-20 g / sq. m (tsis muaj chiv - thaum nplooj tshwm, diluted - thaum lub caij loj hlob);
- paj yog pub nrog cov tshuaj npaj ntawm tus nqi ntawm 10 peas rau 1 liter dej (roses - 1 tablespoon ib 10 liv dej).
Thov tswv yim
Cov lus qhia rau kev siv ammonium nitrate yuav tsum tau siv cov chiv thaum coj mus rau hauv tus account agrochemical thaj chaw ntawm av,Nws muaj nitrogen ntau npaum li cas, nrog rau cov xwm txheej huab cua thiab hom nroj tsuag. Yog hais tias ua liaj ua teb yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam nrog txaus av noo, ces chiv yog siv nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg. Hauv lwm cheeb tsam, lawv tsuas yog txwv rau kev hnav khaub ncaws caij nplooj ntoos hlav xwb.
Rau cov xyoob ntoo, hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj yog nqa tawm hauv xyoo thib ob. Rau qhov no, ib tug zawj yog ua nrog ib tug tob ntawm 10 cm, thiab granules yog muab tso rau muaj nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 10 g ib 1 sq. m, tom qab ntawd lawv tsaug zog. Es tsis txhob qhuav daim ntawv thov, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tshuaj tsuag nrog ib tug npaj tov ntawm tus nqi ntawm 20 g ib 10 liv dej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, daim ntawv thov yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv kub hnyiab ntawm nplooj thiab stems.
Siv hauv pyrotechnics
Raws li tau sau tseg ua ntej, ammonium nitrate pom nws siv tsis yog hauv agronomy lossis horticulture, tab sis nws kuj tuaj yeem siv rau hauv pyrotechnics. Nws yog ob hom - lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab hluavtaws, tau los ntawm kev siv tshuaj. Thawj tau pom nws daim ntawv thov raws li cov ntxhia chiv, thiab qhov thib ob tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm cov khoom lag luam pyrotechnic. Ammonites thiab ammonals yog tsim los ntawm nws, uas yog cov khoom tawg siv hauv kev lag luam. Potassium nitrate, uas muaj nyob rau hauv potassium nitrate, ua raws li ib qho ntawm cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov hmoov dub.
Storage condition
Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ammonium nitrate suav nrog cov khoom tsis muaj zog heev - nitrogen. Hauv qhov no, cov chiv yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau hauv lub thawv ntim khoom kaw tsis muajpom cov cim ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Thaum lub caij kub, cov roj yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias, qhov cua zoo. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias ammonium ntsev nyob rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ammonium nitrate muaj peev xwm ntawm exploding thaum raug kub siab (ntau tshaj +32.5 ° C).
Vim qhov tseeb tias cov chiv yog hygroscopic heev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum khaws cia hauv chav qhuav. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso cov dej nqus dej rau hauv lub hnab uas khaws cia ammonium nitrate.
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem no, cov khoom nyob ze yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam. Flammable tshuaj, acids, thee, ntoo, roj khoom, lubricants, sawdust yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob ze. Txwv tsis pub haus luam yeeb hauv warehouses, nrog rau kev siv cov nplaim taws qhib.
Tseem muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom deb li deb ntawm phab ntsa thiab qhov chaw sov thaum khaws cov ammonium nitrate. Yog li, nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, nws yog tsawg kawg yog 0.2 meters, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - 1.5 m.
In xaus
Kev siv ammonium nitrate tuaj yeem ua tau rau ntau hom av rau txhua yam qoob loo. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv qee qhov ntawm lawv - melons thiab taub dag - nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv ammonium cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nitrogen chiv, vim tias ntau cov nitrates tuaj yeem tsim. Nyob rau hauv cov av acidic, ib txhij nrog kev taw qhia ntawm ammonium nitrate, liming yuav tsum tau nqa tawm, vim nws yuav ua rau muaj ntau dua acidification ntawm ib puag ncig. Cov khoom yog hygroscopic thiab flammable, nws yuav tsum tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv raws li cov khoom sib thooj rau ntau yam tawg thiab flammable.tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov khoom ntawm cov khoom hauv nqe lus nug yog suav nrog cov khoom tawg, uas ua rau lawv siv hauv cov khoom lag luam pyrotechnic.
