Txhua lub tsev yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov dej noo. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov dej los ntawm kev nce ntawm lub hauv paus mus rau phab ntsa, kab rov tav waterproofing yog nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov qauv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub hauv paus muaj kev ntseeg siab tiv thaiv.
Txoj kev ntawm kab rov tav waterproofing
Los ntawm lub npe nws paub meej tias lub hauv paus kev tiv thaiv muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lub dav hlau kab rov tav. Yog tias txhua yam ua tiav raug, ces qhov tsim thaiv yuav tsis tso dej hauv av kom sawv. Kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog xav tau yog tias cov dej hauv av yog ib 'meter' lossis tsawg dua ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub hauv paus los ntawm kev ya raws, hauv qab daus yuav tsum tsis muaj dej tsis muaj dej, thiab qhov no yuav tsum tau ua thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho, xws li cov qauv kev ua haujlwm, qhov haujlwm noyuav nyuaj dua. Cov haujlwm tau piav qhia yog ua raws li SNiP. Kab rov tav waterproofing ntawm lub hauv paus yuav tsum ua raws li SNiP 31-02. Raws li cov cai no, cov ntaub ntawv membrane tsis tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv. Cov txheej waterproofing yuav tsum tas mus li thoob plaws hauv lub hauv paus.
Yog tias cov dej hauv av siab txaus, ces kev tso cov kev tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ib meter ntawm lub hauv paus. Kev tiv thaiv thawj zaug, uas tseem hu ua anti-filtration, yog ua nyob rau theem ntawm kev txhim kho hauv paus. Nws koom nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov pob zeb sib xyaw.
About Secondary waterproofing
Kev tiv thaiv kab rov tav thib ob yog tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus hauv qab thawj qhov txuas. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los tiv thaiv cov phab ntsa ntoo ntawm capillary noo noo. Xws li kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua tom qab kev loj hlob ntawm lub hauv paus, lawv yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ua ntej tso cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Kab rov tav waterproofing ntawm lub hauv paus feem ntau suav nrog kev siv yob tiv thaiv zoo li cov khoom siv vov tsev lossis lwm yam khoom siv raws li bitumen.
Tshaj tawm ntawm kab rov tav lub hauv paus kev tiv thaiv
Txoj haujlwm tau piav qhia hauv kab lus tuaj yeem ua tau siv ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis uas twb muaj lawm. Piv txwv li, waterproofing sheeting feem ntau yog siv los tiv thaiv cov tsev ntoo, tab sis nws kuj yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau insulating lub hauv paus rau kev tsim kho.
Cov neeg siv khoom hais txog qhov no koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv vov tsev ib txwm, muab tso raubituminous mastic. Nws tsis pom zoo kom siv cov khoom siv vov tsev cais, vim tias mastic tuaj yeem txhim kho cov txheej txheem zoo thiab ua kom muaj zog. Pasting kab rov tav waterproofing ntawm lub hauv paus yog tso cov khoom nrog ib tug sib tshooj nyob rau hauv ob txheej. Raws li cov tswv hauv tsev, qhov no tso cai rau koj kom tau txais kev pab cuam ntau dua.
Ntawm daim ntawv thov mastic, lub thickness uas yog 1 hli, cov nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev yog nteg, tag nrho cov seams yuav tsum tau muab kaw zoo. Txheej waterproofing yuav siv cov ntaub ntawv polymeric, tshuaj tsuag tshuaj los ntawm hom:
- roj hmab kua;
- bituminous mastic;
- rubber.
Ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv no yog siv rau ntawm lub dav hlau kab rov tav thiab muab faib rau saum npoo. Cov txheej yuav ua cov dej noo-repellent zog thiab tsim kom muaj zog elastic thiab nyias zaj duab xis. Tom qab polymerization, raws li cov masters, cov khoom yuav tsis muaj capillaries thiab pores qhov twg noo noo nkag mus.
Ib kab rov tav lub hauv paus tsis muaj dej tsis muaj dej tuaj yeem koom nrog kev siv cov ntaub ntawv nkag mus. Tus qauv tsim, raws li cov kws ua haujlwm hauv tsev hais txog, tau kho nrog cov primer tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem txau. Molecules nkag mus rau hauv thiab sau cov pores. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws muaj peev xwm tau txais cov txheej txheem impenetrable, txhim khu kev qha uas tau tsau rau hauv.
Technology ntawm kev teeb tsa cov khoom siv vov tsev
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab siv cov khoom siv vov tsev rau kab rov tav kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub hauv paus, tom qab ntawd nrog nws cov kev pab nws yuav muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib qho ib qho impenetrable.txheej. Thawj theem, cov phab ntsa hauv paus yog cim thiab demarcated. Lub screed tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov cement mortar.
Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg hardened yog them nrog bituminous mastic. Cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev yog them nrog mastic thiab muab tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus kom cov ntaub ntawv npog qhov chaw thiab nws sab. Kab rov tav waterproofing ntawm lub hauv paus nyob rau theem tom ntej yuav tsum leveling lub canvases nrog ntoo slats. Cov nplaum nplaum yuav tsum tau muab sib npaug ntawm thaj chaw, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tshem tawm cov voids.
Technology ntawm pasted waterproofing
Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm qib screed. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov cement-xuab zeb mortar, uas ntxiv cov fillers los ua kom cov dej tsis kam ntawm cov qauv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov khoom tseem ceeb yog dov bitumen los yog cov ntaub ntawv polymer uas muaj zog txhua yam.
Kab rov tav waterproofing ntawm lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv thawj theem yog nrog los ntawm leveling lub hauv paus nrog ib tug screed, cov tshuaj uas yog npaj nrog ntxiv ntawm additives. Lawv yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov pob zeb kom ya raws nkag mus. Tom qab cov screed tau qhuav, qhov saum npoo yog them nrog bituminous lossis dej-raws li primer, siv txhuam los yog cov menyuam.
Cov primer yuav tsum tau tso tseg kom txog thaum nws qhuav rau ob peb teev, tom qab ntawd nws raug nquahu kom pib siv cov polymer lossis bituminous mastic. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau cov qauv tsim raws li hom seams thiab cov ces kaum uas nws tuaj yeem stagnatecondensate. Kab rov tav waterproofing ntawm lub hauv paus siv cov cuab yeej no yuav koom nrog daim ntawv thov txheej nplaum nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm mastic, nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau kom qhuav.
Txoj Kev Ua Haujlwm
Ntxiv mus, raws li txoj hauv kev saum toj no, cov khoom siv vov tsev yog nteg. Thaum pasting waterproofing, cov khoom dov yog muab tso rau ntawm mastic qhuav, thiab ces ironed nrog ib tug menyuam. Fused waterproofing yog nqa tawm siv lub teeb hluav taws xob propane. Nws yuav tso cai rau koj kom sov lub yob thiab yob tawm ntawm qhov chaw, nias nws mus rau hauv paus.
Yob dej tsis sib haum tuaj yeem tso rau hauv 3 txheej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias cov canvases ntawm lub sab sauv txheej tsis sib tshuam ntawm lub seams ntawm lub qis. Qhov dav ntawm lub waterproofing yuav tsum yog xws li hais tias nws overlaps kev sib cuag ntawm phab ntsa nrog lub hauv paus. Yog tias tsim nyog los ua kom tsis muaj dej hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev nrog rau hauv qab daus, txheej txheej yog muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus, nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau saum lub qhov muag tsis pom kev thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas lub qab daus xaus. Hauv cov tsev tsis muaj hauv qab daus, tsuas yog lub hauv paus tuaj yeem tiv thaiv phab ntsa.
YPenetrating waterproofing
hom kev tiv thaiv dej tsis zoo no yog ua los ntawm cov cement mortars, uas ntxiv cov hloov pauv. Cov tom kawg yog chemically active compounds. Thaum nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog pob zeb, lawv crystallize thiab tsim ib tug waterproof txheej txheej uas yog resistant rau yaig thiab tshuaj.
So kab rov tavwaterproofing phab ntsa los ntawm lub hauv paus yog heev pheej yig, tab sis zoo heev, tab sis yuav tsum tau npaj ua hauj lwm. Lub hauv paus saum npoo yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav los ntawm cov txheej tawv tawv, tshem tawm cov av thiab plua plav, cov kab ntawm cov xim thiab xeb, nrog rau cov dej tsis zoo. Nrog kev pab ntawm hydrochloric acid, lub hauv paus yog degreased. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tseeb tias qhov chaw muaj zog txaus thiab qhib qhov pores.
Yog tias muaj cov ntsiab lus txhawb nqa, lawv yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom zoo nkauj. Seams, tawg thiab pob qij txha yuav tsum tau embroidered thiab ntxuav. Cov tshuaj yog tov nrog dej, muab tub lim thiab hloov kho, thiab tom qab ntawd sab laug kom paub tab. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus yog ntub nrog dej, tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob mob siab rau.
Technology recommendations
Daim ntawv thov ntawm cov cement mortar yog nqa tawm nrog spatula, muaj pes tsawg leeg yog faib thiab sab laug kom qhuav rau ob peb hnub. Hauv qhov no, qhov saum npoo tsis tuaj yeem thauj khoom. Ua ntej ua tiav cov haujlwm tau piav qhia, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv cov khoom siv. Kab rov tav waterproofing ntawm lub hauv paus, piv txwv li, kuj tuaj yeem ua tau siv cov kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb raws li cov khoom siv polymeric ob lub ntsiab lus ntxiv. Xws li cov sib txuas nkag tau muaj cov viscosity tsawg, yog li lawv nkag mus rau hauv cov pob zeb thiab sau cov capillaries. Nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub hardener, qhov no waterproofing tsim ib tug waterproof txheej. Sprayed penetrating waterproofing feem ntau yog ua ke nrog ntsug.
Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv
Txoj kev tiv thaiv dej tsis zoo no yog ua raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pob zeb los ntawm cov qhov drilled. Qhov tob tobtuaj yeem sib npaug li 0.5 m. Thaum cov khoom nkag mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov dej noo hauv lub hauv paus, cov tshuaj pib o thiab kaw tag nrho cov pores, tsis suav nrog capillary suction ntawm noo noo los ntawm cov av. Yog hais tias koj yuav nqa tawm cov kab rov tav waterproofing ntawm lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, ces cov phab ntsa ntawm lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau ntxuav ntawm cov seem ntawm cov qub waterproofing thiab cov pa phem.
Qhov yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov deb uas cov txheej txheem dej tsis zoo hauv lub hauv paus. Drilling yuav tsum tau nqa tawm mus rau qhov tob uas yog me ntsis ntau dua qhov dav ntawm lub hauv paus. Lub qhov yuav tsum nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis. Lawv muaj cov nozzles uas tsim nyog rau kev muab thiab faib cov tshuaj. Qhov no yuav xav tau cov twj tso kua mis siab uas sib tov cov polymer gel nrog lub hardener ua ntej muab tso rau hauv cov thickness ntawm cov qauv. Tom qab qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg tau kho thiab o ntawm cov dej noo, txheej txheej tsis muaj dej yog tsim.
Vertical puag waterproofing
Vertical thiab kab rov tav foundation waterproofing feem ntau siv ua ke. Thawj ntawm cov txheej txheem hais txog kev siv mastic rau qhov chaw huv thiab qhuav ntawm lub hauv paus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tshem tawm cov hmoov av thiab xuab zeb, vim tias lawv yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev sib cuag zoo.
Kev ntxuav tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev, txhuam lossis lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws. Kev ziab tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv txoj kev ntuj - hauv qab lub hnub lossis siv cov cuab yeej siv, uas yog:
- qhov muag teev;
- hluav taws xob rhaub;
- phom kub.
Tom qab ziabpob zeb yog kho nrog primer, uas yuav xyuas kom meej qhov sib txuas ntawm cov hmoov av zoo thiab ntxiv dag zog rau saum npoo. Lub primer npaj lub hauv paus rau kev ua nrog mastic. Nws daim ntawv thov yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus, yog li cov kab noj hniav tau raug kaw ua ntej, thiab cov khoom tawg tau tawg.
Zaj lus
Kab rov tav waterproofing ntawm lub hauv paus nrog cov khoom siv vov tsev yog qhov feem ntau, tab sis niaj hnub no muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv lub hauv paus ntawm cov tsev thiab cov qauv. Ntawm lwm tus, pasting, txheej thiab nkag mus yuav tsum txawv.
