Ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev qub tshaj plaws - ceramics - tau nkag mus rau hauv lub neej ntawm cov txiv neej niaj hnub no. Muaj ntau ntau lwm yam ntaub ntawv rau flooring thiab phab ntsa cladding, tab sis nyob rau hauv feem ntau, vim muaj ntau yam kev ua tau zoo yam ntxwv, buyers xaiv rau ceramic vuas.
Qhov ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv yuav luag tsis txwv - los ntawm kev ua tiav ib qho chaw ua haujlwm hauv chav ua noj mus rau hauv pem teb thiab phab ntsa hauv qhov chaw tos txais ntawm cov tsev so khoom kim heev lossis cov chaw ua yeeb yam.
Basic properties of ceramic vuas
- Txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm hardness thiab lub zog, cov ntaub ntawv tawm ntxiv dag zog thiab xis mas nyob deb tom qab. Cov yam ntxwv uas tau piav qhia yuav tsis pom zoo rau nws tus kheej yog tias ua yuam kev thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa.
- Txoj kev nruj. Cov pobzeb tsis deform lossis khoov raws li cov ntaub ntawv siab tensile loads. NrogLos ntawm kev nce cov thickness ntawm cov khoom, nws cov khoom tawv tawv nce.
- Thermal conductivity thiab tshav kub muaj peev xwm. Ceramic absorbs thiab ua cua sov yuav luag tam sim ntawd. Qhov no yog vim li cas rau qhov muaj koob meej ntawm kev xaiv cib rau cov vuas kom tiav lub qhov cub lossis qhov cub.
- Hluav taws kub thiab hluav taws kub. Cov cuab yeej no yog lwm qhov kev sib cav hauv kev pom zoo ntawm kev kho qhov cub thiab qhov cub nrog cov khoom piav qhia. Nws tsis hlawv thiab tiv thaiv lub ntsej muag ntawm qhov hluav taws kub. Cov khoom tsis tawm cov pa phem thaum cua sov.
- Anti-static thiab hluav taws xob insulating zog. Cov pobzeb tsis ua hluav taws xob, nws yuav tiv thaiv tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu los ntawm kev tawm ntawm hluav taws xob zoo li qub (xws li tshwm sim thaum taug kev ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws - ntaub pua plag, linoleum).
- Xim ceev ceev. Ceramics yog insensitive rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tshav ntuj. Nws tsis ploj mus, tsis poob qhov ci hauv qhov sib piv nrog cov ntawv ntsa, yas, ntaub txheej.
- Kev huv. Backsplash vuas yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau chav ua noj. Cov kab mob microbes thiab kab mob tsis sib sau rau ntawm nws qhov chaw. Qhov no piav qhia txog qhov muaj koob meej ntawm cov khoom tiav no hauv kev npaj chav ua haujlwm thiab chav ua haujlwm.
- Tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov khoom lag luam tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg (nrog rau kev zam ntawm hydrofluoric acid).
- Kho kom zoo nkauj. Qhov ntau yam ntawm cov xim thiab cov qauv muab qhib yuav luag unlimited possibilities rau sab hauv tsim. Smooth glazed ceramic vuas ntxiv cozy thiab elegant kov rau chav dej, huv si thiab zoo nkauj rau chav ua noj.
Cov lus qhia rau kev xaiv
Thaum xaiv cov khoom, qee qhov nuances yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account:
- Kev xaiv teeb pom kev tsis raug tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov xim ntawm qhov tiav. Lub teeb los ntawm cov khoom siv daj ntawm cov vuas xiav tuaj yeem ua rau cov phab ntsa muaj xim ntsuab.
- Ua yuam kev hauv kev xaiv xim tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub siab ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub teeb xim nyob rau hauv cov chav me pom kev nce lawv thaj chaw.
- Tsis txhob kwv yees qhov cuam tshuam. Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim no, cov phab ntsa yuav tsum tau nrog cov vuas hauv cov xim matte.
- Rau cov chav uas cov khoom siv feem ntau yuav kis tau, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog xaiv cov xim uas yuav ua kom zoo dua qhov tsis zoo no - tsaus thiab grainy tones.
chav dej vuas
chav dej vuas yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Cov txheej yuav tiv thaiv phab ntsa kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov dej noo, qhov kub thiab txias hloov thiab ib puag ncig hnyav.
Chav dej tej zaum tsuas yog qhov chaw hauv tsev uas tsis yog cov phab ntsa xwb, tab sis kuj tseem yuav tsum tau ua tiav nrog cov ceramics. Dej, raws li koj paub, sharpens pob zeb, thiab nrog ntoo, drywall, xim thiab putty, nws straightens txawm sai dua. Pobzeb yog kom meej meej tus yeej ntawm no. Nyob rau hauv ib chav uas ib tug neeg ntxuav tawm kev qaug zog, kev ntxhov siab thiab kev ua qias tuaj, nws yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev nplij siab thiab kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb.
Dab tsi yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov khoom tiav? Vim muaj kev sib cuag nrog dej thiab ua taumechanical loads (nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm txee, dai txee, thiab lwm yam), nws yuav tsum muaj ib tug tsawg degree ntawm dej nqus, tsawg porosity thiab ib tug ntom qauv.
Glazed pobzeb phab ntsa cladding yog nrov - txheej tshwj xeeb muab cov pobzeb ci ntsa iab, glossy sheen thiab dej-repellent zog. Cov npe ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom piav tau tuaj yeem muab cov khoom siv ntom ntom ntom ntom, tsis muaj cov kab nrib pleb, tsis kam mus rau alkalis thiab acids.
Cib vuas: Scope of application
Lub thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim cov cib cib los ntawm cov ceramics tau tso nws nrog cov khoom zoo rau kev siv hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Cov neeg tsim qauv tau npaj siab muab ntau lub tswv yim rau kev tsim sab hauv, qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws yog framing rau lub qhov rooj thiab qhov rais qhib, ntau yam niches, iav rigidly tsau rau ntawm phab ntsa. Feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia yog siv los ua cov pobzeb backsplash rau chav ua noj.
Txuag ntawm cov cib kim kim thiab muab chav rau qhov qub elegance los ntawm kev tig mus rau ib qho ntawm nws cov ces kaum - qhov tsawg symmetry muaj nyob rau hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj, ntau ua tiav, tiag tiag thiab ntuj daim duab yuav yog.
Cib ntsej muag vuas rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm phab ntsa tawg yuav zoo li tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig. Qhov kev xaiv no yog qhov zoo rau zoning, piv txwv li, phab ntsa tom qab TV.
Yog tias koj muab ob peb hom ceramics - ua tiav ib phab ntsa nrog kev coj ua ntawm cov cib liab, thiab lwm yam, daj lossis terracotta lwm qhov, koj tau txais kev xav tias cov khoom txuas nrog thaum tsim khoob lub tsev sib txawv.
chav ua noj vuas yog ib qho khoom siv niaj hnub
Nws tsis tuaj yeem xav txog chav ua noj hauv chav tsev niaj hnub tsis muaj luxurious cladding. Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab cov kev tsim kho tshiab yuav pab kom elegantly thiab xyaum ua kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm chav tsev. Ua ntej xaiv ib lub ntsej muag pobzeb, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab ntawm cov rooj tog zaum thiab kev tsim qauv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias cov vuas hauv chav ua noj yuav raug cov roj, noo noo thiab tshuaj lom neeg.
Xaiv cov vuas nyob ntawm qhov xaiv ntawm chav ua noj
Adherent rau niaj hnub style chav ua noj vuas ntawm phab ntsa yog du, txawm thiab glossy. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los tsis kam ua cov qauv sib txawv, textures thiab nquag pob qij txha. Qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws yuav yog qhov yooj yim ntawm cov kab thiab lub siab xav kom tsis sib xws.
"Business card" lub teb chaws - kev ntxhib los mos ntawm ntuj pob zeb. Kev xuas tes xuas tes ua, vuas nrog jagged npoo los yog tawg ua tej daim yuav tsim nyog. Cov qauv ntawm xyoo tas los no yog cov khoom siv dag zog uas muaj hnub nyoog tiav. Cov xim tseem ceeb: lub teeb xim av, kas fes nrog mis nyuj, beige, kub.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm Mediterranean style yog coj txhua tus neeg uas nkag mus hauv chav rau hauv chav ua noj hnub ci ntawm Ltalis, Spain lossis Fabkis. Qhov tseem ceeb yog painting, mosaic, complex textures. Rau phab ntsa tiling, xaiv qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov pob zeb ntuj: cob alt xiav lossis daj-ntsuab.
Yuav nrhiav dab tsi thaum yuav?
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev yuav cov vuas phab ntsa rau chav ua noj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntsuas qhov coefficientglazed tiav. Qhov siab dua tus nqi ntawm qhov ntsuas no, qhov tsawg dua yog tias cov kab nrib pleb lossis chips yuav tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom tiav, yog li nws yuav khaws cov tsos zoo nkauj rau lub sijhawm ntev. Matte vuas yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab ci ntsa iab. Cov qauv granular yuav zais me me impurities.
Cov av noo tas li hloov hauv chav ua noj, chav yuav nkag mus tob rau hauv phab ntsa los ntawm cov pobzeb, ua rau nws maj mam rhuav tshem. Yuav kom txo tau qhov tshwm sim no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau xaiv cov khoom siv ceramic nrog cov dej nqus dej tsis tshaj 5%.
Yuav ua li cas xam cov vuas xav tau?
Thaum lo lus nug ntawm kev tsim chav tsev kaw, theem ntawm kev suav cov khoom siv uas xav tau rau nws pib. Txhawm rau pab tus tswv, phau ntawv sau, xaum thiab daim kab xev ntsuas. Cov yav tas yuav siv los ntsuas thaj tsam rau masonry.
Ua ntej ua haujlwm ntsuas, cov phab ntsa yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov khoom qub qub, txwv tsis pub kev suav yuam kev nce ntau. Piv txwv li, tom qab plastering nto, thaj chaw ua haujlwm ntawm phab ntsa yuav txo qis, thiab tom qab tshem cov pobzeb qub, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws yuav nce.
Yuav ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm cov pob qhov thiab cov pob, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los piav txog thaj tsam ntawm chav tsev hauv qhov projection, yog li nws yuav yooj yim rau kev xam cov khoom xav tau.
Ua ntej tiling ib phab ntsa cib, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txiav txim siab qhov muaj thiab txoj hauj lwm ntawm friezes, ciam teb, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau xav txog ntawm daim ntawv. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo: suavtus nqi ntawm cov vuas yuav tsum yog li ntawd tsis muaj tej daim ntawm ceramics nyob rau hauv cov ces kaum.
Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tiav rau txhua phab ntsa yog xam cais. Kev siv cov chunks, yog tias tsis tuaj yeem zam tau, kuj tseem tshwm sim hauv cov ntawv nkag.
Common cladding technologies
Hauv kev xyaum siv niaj hnub no, cov cuab yeej siv phab ntsa hauv qab no tau siv:
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
- Herringbone plooj.
- Dab laug.
Txoj kev seam-rau-seam feem ntau yog siv vim nws qhov yooj yim. Lub ntsej muag vuas rau phab ntsa yog muab tso rau hauv kab. Yog li ntawd thaum kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm daim duab zoo meej, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov phab ntsa ua ntej. Qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov nplais txiav, cov seams yuav zoo huv si thiab txawm, ob qho tib si ntsug thiab kab rov tav.
Kev siv ntawm "herringbone" txoj kev ua tau tsuas yog thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov vuas luaj. Lub ntsiab ntawm cov txheej txheem yog tso cov vuas nyob rau hauv ib tug cascade. Thaum xam tus nqi ntawm cov khoom, koj yuav tsum noj 5-7% ntxiv, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm poob thaum lub sij hawm thauj los yog installation.
Tus qauv kab pheeb ces kaum yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws, tab sis yog tias tus tswv tiag tiag muaj tes hauv qhov teeb meem, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov chaw distortion siv cov vuas rau sab hauv phab ntsa cladding ntawm ntau ntxoov thiab textures.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom kos lub kab pheeb ces kaum kom raug raws li qhov kev tso tawm, nrog rau kev npaj cov cuab yeej txiav. Cov khoom ntim yog xam nyob rau hauv ob kauj ruam:
- Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los suav pes tsawg feem yuav tsum tau nrog cov kab pheeb ces kaum.
- Txhim pobzeb txiav ntau npaum li cas.
Lub thev naus laus zis ntawm phab ntsa cladding nrog cov vuas randomly suav nrog hloov txhua kab tom ntej los ntawm ib nrab ntu. Nws ua haujlwm ob leeg horizontally thiab vertically. Skillfully sib txawv vuas ntawm cov xim sib txawv thiab textures, koj tuaj yeem tsim ib txheej txheej ntawm txhua qhov kev teeb tsa.
Npaj ua haujlwm. Cov cuab yeej
Ua ntej pib txheej txheem cladding, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau kawm txog kev ua haujlwm kom raug, nrog rau kev npaj ua ntej rau cov teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim thaum ua haujlwm.
Thawj zaug, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab txog qhov haujlwm yuav ua li cas. Nws muaj peev xwm hais tias cov cladding yuav ua ntej los ntawm kev pab cuam uas yuav ua rau kom lub sij hawm thiab pob nyiaj siv rau kev kho. Feem ntau, tshem tawm cov vuas qub lossis lwm yam khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj, nrog rau theem phab ntsa.
Tag rau sab nrauv phab ntsa nrog cov vuas luaj ceramic tsis txawv ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm sab hauv. Lawv luas lub façade ntawm lub tsev kom muab lub tsev zoo ib yam. Rau cov laj thawj no, porcelain stoneware yog qhov tseem ceeb. Kev ua tiav sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum tau nqa tawm thaum huab cua kub sab nraum lub qhov rais tshaj 5 degrees Celsius. Txwv tsis pub, microdeformations tsis tuaj yeem zam tau.
Txhawm rau ua cov kab hauv ob sab koj yuav xav tau cov cuab yeej hauv qab no:
- qis zog pobzeb cutter;
- level;
- ncaj spatula loj;
- mounting cross-separators;
- kawg;
- xov;
- kua nails.
Phab ntsa cladding method
Hnub no, muaj peb phab ntsa tiling technologies:
- Cement mortar.
- Adhesive muaj pes tsawg leeg.
- kua txob.
Kom paub meej tias cov khoom tiav yog ruaj khov thiab kav ntev, cov kws tshaj lij sau nws nrog dej rau 7-9 teev. Lub sij hawm no yog txaus rau cov kua los sau tag nrho cov pores ntawm cov pobzeb.
Xav paub yuav ua li cas cov pobzeb phab ntsa siv cov cement mortar.
Thaum thawj theem, qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw tau ua tiav. Reiki yog khoom vertically thiab horizontally - nruj me ntsis raws li theem.
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj yog qhov ziab kom qhuav sai, yog li txhawm rau tswj nws cov khoom ua haujlwm, nws yuav tsum tau diluted hauv me me rau 2-3 kab ntawm cov vuas.
Nyob rau theem tom ntej, beacon vuas yog nteg, ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm theem tig yuav raug muab. Lub installation ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv yog ua los ntawm kev coj mus rau hauv tus account lub thickness ntawm cov tshuaj thiab ib tug tso cai kauj ruam ntawm 60 centimeters. Koj yuav tsum txav los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab. Cov vuas yuav tsum nyob rau tib theem vertically thiab horizontally. Txuas txoj hlua coj mus rau ib qho ntawm cov kab kab rov tav.
cov vuas phab ntsa tuaj yeem ntsia tau hauv qab mus rau saum lossis sab saud mus rau hauv qab.
Thov ib qho me me ntawm mortar sib npaug ntawm txhua pobzeb. Siv ib lub spatula ncaj. Tshem tawm cov khoom kho ntau dhau nrog cov cuab yeej toothed. Nrog kev siv zog me ntsis, nias cov khoom tawm tsam phab ntsa, nias dua nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Txhawm rau ua kom cov seams kom huv si thiab txawm, cov ntoo khaub lig yas raug ntsia nruab nrab ntawm peb.
Cov cement tiav yog siv rau sab tsis ncaj ncees lawm ntawm cov pobzeb. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev daws teeb meem los ntawm kev nkag mus rau sab nraud, nws tau muab cov duab ntawm lub pyramid nrog truncated npoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas ntug ntawm cov pobzeb kov cov hlua qhia.
Nias ntawm pobzeb nrog kev siv zog me ntsis. Ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, uas yog superimposed ntawm cov khoom tiav los ntawm saum toj no, coj mus rhaub nrog rauj.
Koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm waviness nrog kev pab los ntawm beacon rail. Nws raug nquahu kom ua raws li cov txheej txheem piav qhia tom qab txhua qhov chaw ruaj khov, txwv tsis pub, vim qhov tshwm sim tsis sib xws ntawm cov phab ntsa, cov pobzeb yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thiab tso dua. Lub verticality ntawm seam yog yooj yim txiav txim siab siv cov kav dej.
Tshwj xeeb overlays yog muab tso rau hauv grooves ntawm cov vuas.
Cov tshuaj dries tag nrho hauv 24-33 teev. Thaum cov khoom muaj zog ntawm cov khoom sib txuas tau lees paub, cov ntaub qhwv tau ua tib zoo tshem tawm, thiab cov grooves raug kho nrog grout.
Phab ntsa tiling nrog nplaum mortar
Ua ntej tso, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov nplaum uas haum rau ib qho xwm txheej. Piv txwv li, rau lub ntsej muag vuas nyob rau hauv chav dej, ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg rau kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm chav tsev nrog high humidity yuav tsum tau xaiv. Ntawm kev muag khoom muaj npaj txhij-ua qhuav sib tov los yog ntawm lub hauv paus polyurethane. Cov tom kawg yuav tsum tau siv rau qhov chaw tiaj tus.
Phab ntsa raug ntxuav, theem, primed. Kev kos yog ua rau ntawm phab ntsa siv kho cov ntsia hlau thiab qib tsev.
Cov tshuaj yog siv rau sab nraub qaumpobzeb, superimposed rau ntawm phab ntsa. Cov pobzeb yuav tsum tau nias kom cov mastic sib npaug sib npaug thiab cua raug yuam tawm.
Thaum thawj txheej kab rov tav ntawm cov ceramic yog nteg tawm, ib qho kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum muab tso rau saum nws. Siv cov hlua thiab cov kav dej. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau kev kho kom zoo ntawm cov khoom ntsug thiab kab rov tav.
