Hnub no muaj sijhawm los tsim lub tsev zoo nkauj, zoo nkauj los ntawm cov qauv. Ncej tsev tau ntev yeej lawv cov niche hauv kev ua lag luam. Niaj hnub no, ib qho kev siv tshuab sib txawv tau tsim. Lub tsev ntim khoom tau maj mam nce. Qhov no yog vim qhov yooj yim ntawm kev tsim ua haujlwm, nrog rau tus nqi tsim nyog. Yuav ua li cas tsim vaj tsev los ntawm cov thawv yuav tham ntxiv.
yam ntxwv dav dav
Lub tsev ntim khoom (daim duab hauv qab no) yog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab hauv peb lub tebchaws. Nyob rau hauv Western lub teb chaws, qhov kev xyaum no tau ntev tau nrov. Muab hais tias tus nqi ntawm tsev nyob niaj hnub no rhuav tshem tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv, qhov kev xaiv no yog qhov zoo heev. Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias European thiab Asmeskas kev coj ua tau ua pov thawj tias nws tuaj yeem tsim vaj tsev los ntawm cov thawv ntim khoom hiav txwv uas yuav ua tau raws li cov kev cai niaj hnub no.
Cov tsev zoo li niaj hnub no tuaj yeem ntsia tau txawm tias huab cua txias. Rau qhov no, ua kom sov tag nrho ntawm lub thawv yog nqa tawm. Cov tsev zoo li no tau nruab rau lub caij ntuj sov cottages raws li cov vaj tsev nyob hauv nroog. Yog tias koj muab ob peb lub ntim rau hauv ib qho system, koj tuaj yeem tsim ib lub tsev puv ntoob, dav.
Hnub no, cov tuam txhab tsim kho tab tom pib ua kom paub txog kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv thiab cov cai uas twb muaj lawm rau kev tso cov thawv ntim ze ze ntawm cov tsev nyob, cov kev cai ntawm cov qauv tam sim no raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Yog li ntawd, xws li cov tsev nyob yog cozy, nyab xeeb thiab siv tau.
Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov thawv ntawm tus nqi pheej yig. Yuav kom tsim tau ib lub tsev tag nrho, koj yuav xav tau li 5-6 lub thawv. Yog tias koj xav tsim lub tsev me me hauv lub tebchaws, koj tuaj yeem txwv koj tus kheej rau ib lub thawv. Yuav luag txhua tus tuaj yeem yuav lub tsev zoo li no. Yog tias koj muab ob lub thawv rau ntawm qhov deb ntawm ib leeg, koj tuaj yeem npog lawv nrog ib lub ru tsev. Qhov no yuav tsim qhov chaw nyob ntxiv.
Yog tias koj tso siab rau kev tsim qhov project rau tus kws tsim qauv, nws yuav tsim ib lub tsev qub los ntawm ntau lub thawv. Tus kws sau ntawv cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem kho txhua qhov chaw. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho yuav txo qis tsawg kawg 30% thaum piv nrog cov vaj tsev nyob.
Project
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws tam sim no tsis zoo li yuav nrhiav tau lub tsev npaj npaj ua los ntawm cov thawv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm zoo. Tsis muaj kev cai rau kev teeb tsa cov chaw ntim khoom. Los ntawm cov tsev nyob, lawv tuaj yeem nyob ze. Cov tsev zoo li no, yog tias tsim nyog, tuaj yeem ua tauua kom zoo nkauj toj roob hauv pes.
Lub tswv yim no tau nrov ua tsaug rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Asmeskas Adam Culkin. Nws tsim thawj lub tsev ntim khoom raws li kev sim muaj tswv yim. Lub tswv yim no sai sai thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Nws tau los ua tshwj xeeb hauv Fabkis. Niaj hnub no, kev tsim tsev los ntawm cov thawv ntim khoom yog kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov tuam txhab lag luam hauv tsev kuj paub txog nws.
Npaj tsim tsim tau tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv tebchaws Western. Lub Hoobkas tsim cov tsev ntim khoom tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib qhov project yog tsim, raws li ib tug semi-tiav khoom los yog qauv yog ua. Nws pre-ntev hluav taws xob kev sib txuas lus, cua sov, subfloors thiab phab ntsa. Qhov rai thiab qhov rooj kuj tau nruab ntawm no.
Hauv daim ntawv no, cov qauv raug xa mus rau qhov khoom. Ntawm no lawv tau sau rau hauv ib lub tsev. Qhov no txo qis lub sijhawm tsim kho. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nyob rau hauv Western lub teb chaws nws yog npaj los tsim cov zus tau tej cov universal semi-tiav khoom rau thawv-hom tsev. Qhov no yuav txo tus nqi ntawm cov vaj tsev zoo li no ntxiv. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tsis muaj cov cai rau kev txhim kho lub thawv ntim khoom los ntawm cov tsev nyob. Qhov no yog ib lub tsev nyob puv, uas yog raws li cov qauv, SNiPs, thiab lwm yam.
Nyob hauv peb lub teb chaws no tseem tsis tau xyaum, tab sis lub niche no yuav tau nyob sai sai, yuav tau tsim kho. Tam sim no, koj tuaj yeem xaj ib qhov project ntawm ib lub tsev los ntawm cov thawv. Nws yuav yog ib tug muaj tswv yim, tus sau txoj hauj lwm. Cov tsev no kuj nyiam cov neeg yuav khoom.
txiaj ntsig
Ntau lub tsev tsimthawv hom muaj qhov zoo ib yam. Yog li ntawd, lawv cov koob meej yog maj mam nce. Nws yog ib tug robust tsim, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm siab zog thiab durability. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj qhov chaw sab hauv txaus los muab chav tsev xis nyob.
Lwm qhov zoo ntawm cov vaj tsev zoo li no yog tus nqi tsim nyog, tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam los ntawm nas thiab lwm yam kab tsuag, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv ntau yam tsis zoo ib puag ncig. Txawm nag xob nag cua thiab av qeeg los yeej tsis ntshai lub tsev li.
Modular lossis thawv-hom thav duab lub tsev tau tsim sai heev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, xws li cov qauv tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm yuav luag txhua hom, tsis hais hom av. Yog tias koj npaj yuav tsim ib lub qauv me me, koj tsis tas yuav tsim lub hauv paus.
Los ntawm cov thawv koj tuaj yeem tsim ib lub tsev nrog ob peb plag tsev. Thaum thauj cov khoom thauj hauv hiav txwv, cov thawv ntim zoo li no tau teeb tsa ib qho rau saum toj. Tus naj npawb ntawm kab tuaj yeem ncav cuag 10 daim. Los ntawm cov khoom siv no, koj tuaj yeem tsim vaj tsev nyob ib ntus thiab ruaj khov. Cov thawv ntim khoom ua haujlwm zoo nrog lwm cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Dimensions thiab nqi
Thaum tsim lub tsev ntim khoom, tus kws tsim vaj tsev yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov ntev ntawm txhua tus neeg ntawm cov qauv. Lawv yog cov qauv. Ntim tuaj yeem yog ob hom. Thawj qeb muaj thaj tsam ntawm 15 m². Cov no yog 20 ko taw thawv. Qhov thib ob hom qauv muaj thaj tsam ntawm 30 m². Cov no yog cov thawv plaub caug ko taw.
Koj ua taumuab ob hom modules no. Lawv ua ke ua ke raws li tus tsim lub tswv yim. Cov kev xaiv rau kev npaj cov ntim xws li yuav txawv heev. Koj tuaj yeem nruab lawv ib qho rau sab saum toj ntawm lwm qhov. Qhov no yog li cas cov tsev ntau-storey tau txais. Txhua lub thawv yog lub tsev tshiab module. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv lawv nrog lwm cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Qhov no yog li cas tag nrho cov chav, terraces, balconies, thiab lwm yam. Lub qab nthab qhov siab feem ntau yog hais txog 2.7 m. Qhov dav yuav txawv ntawm 2.5 mus rau 5 m.
Tsim lub tsev ntim khoom yog pheej yig. Tus nqi nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm lub tsev yav tom ntej. Qhov nruab nrab, tus nqi ntawm ib square meter yog kwv yees li 32.5 txhiab rubles. Tib lub sijhawm, tus nqi suav nrog kev tsim lub hauv paus, kev teeb tsa thiab kev tsim kho, nrog rau kev ua tiav sab nraud thiab sab hauv cov khoom.
Tus nqi no sib raug rau kev tsim tsev, npaj txhij rau tib neeg nyob hauv. Rau kev sib piv: tus nqi ntawm ib chav tsev nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev tshiab tsis tas yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm 68 txhiab rubles. ib square meter. Rau ib lub teb chaws tsev, tus nqi yog 58 txhiab rubles. ib cheeb tsam.
txheej txheem tsim
Modular thawv tsev tau ua sai sai. Ua ntej, ib lossis ntau lub modules tau yuav. Nws nyob ntawm qhov project kos los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse. Ib txheej ntawm cov xim qub raug tshem tawm ntawm lub thawv. Rau qhov no, feem ntau yog siv sandblaster. Tom ntej no, lub thawv yog repainted. Thaum cov txheej dries, cov qauv yog ntsia rau hauv qhov chaw faib rau nws.
Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws, raws li cov neeg tsim khoom, yog kom haum thiabtsim ib sab hauv lub thawv zoo li no. Yog tias xav tau, koj tuaj yeem txiav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv. Qhov no tswj kev ncaj ncees. Yog tias koj mus deb dhau nrog qhov haum no, koj tuaj yeem rhuav tshem lub thawv. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lub module yuav tsum ib txwm sawv ntawm 4 lub ces kaum.
Yog tias tus neeg siv khoom xav tau lub tsev nruab nrab (kwv yees li 60 m²), kev tsim kho turnkey yuav siv sijhawm 2-3 lub hlis. 90 m² thawv tsev tuaj yeem tsim hauv 3-4 lub hlis.
Foundation
Muaj ntau cov lus qhia txog yuav ua li cas ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev ntim khoom. Yog tias nws me me (hloov tsev los ntawm ib qho module), koj tsis tuaj yeem tsim lub hauv paus txhua. Cov av tsuas yog ua tib zoo leveled thiab rammed. Tus qauv loj dua, lub hauv paus muaj zog dua nws yuav xav tau.
Yog tias koj npaj yuav tsim ib lub tsev ob lossis peb-zaj dab neeg, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau nruab cov qauv ntawm lub hauv paus uas muaj zog ntxiv.
Ntim muaj qhov loj loj. Qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum npaj kev tsim kho. Qee zaum nws yuav tsum tau tsim lub hauv paus monolithic. Ua li no, lawv yuav cement qib M400. Nws yog tov nrog dej thiab xuab zeb thiaj li yuav tau ib homogeneous pob zeb. Lawv ua lub hauv paus.
Txhawm rau ua kom lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev nyob ntev dua, cov yas tshwj xeeb tau ntxiv rau cov pob zeb. Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom sib tov qhuav, uas tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog tau ntxiv rau ntawm lub Hoobkas. Hauv qhov no, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ntxiv dej thiab ua tiav qhov tseeb sib xws.
Raws li txoj kev npaj tsim kho, formwork raug tsim los ntawm cov laug cam. Pob zeb yuav nchuav rau hauv nwsdaws. Kev txhawb nqa mesh yog tsim los ntawm cov pas hlau hlau. Nws muab tso rau hauv ib lub trench. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau npaj cov kev daws teeb meem uas siv lub pob zeb sib tov. Gravel, xuab zeb yog poured rau hauv lub trench, ib txheej ntawm waterproofing yog lined. Tom ntej no, cov cement yog poured. Thaum nws qhuav (tsis ntxov dua tom qab 3 lub lis piam), koj tuaj yeem mus ua haujlwm tom ntej ntawm kev tsim lub tsev ntim khoom.
Installing modules
Lub tsev ntim khoom yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub thawv nws tus kheej. Xim yog ua nyob rau hauv ob peb theem. Tom qab tshem tawm cov txheej txheej qub, hlau minium yog siv rau saum npoo. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom cov khoom tsis tawg nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig tsis zoo.
Tom qab ntawd, lub thawv tau ua tiav nrog cov hlau lead liab. Cov theem kawg yog txheej txheej nrog cov xim tshwj xeeb kub-resistant. Tom qab ua tiav, lub module yog ntsia rau ntawm lub hauv paus. Cov thawv ntim tau tsau rau ib leeg los ntawm kev vuam. Thaum cov qauv yog ruaj khov rau ntawm lub hauv paus, sab nrauv thiab sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj yog nqa tawm.
Cov kev faib thiab hauv pem teb ntawm lub tsev ntim khoom yog ua raws li cov qauv siv. Cov phab ntsa feem ntau yog sheathed nrog drywall. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau nruab thermal rwb thaiv tsev nrog ntawv ci rau lawv. Ib txheej tuab ntawm cov khoom siv insulating yog muab tso rau sab nraum lub thawv. Txwv tsis pub, qhov chaw sab hauv ntawm lub tsev yuav txo qis. Tom ntej no, lub thawv yog sheathed rau sab nraud nrog siding. Lub tsev yuav tsis tsuas sov, tab sis kuj zoo nkauj.
Txhim ntau lub thawv ua kecov ces kaum tshwj xeeb lossis cov kav dej yog siv. Cov ntsiab lus zoo li no tau nruab rau sab nraud thiab sab hauv cov qauv.
Yog tias muaj kev faib tawm hauv lub thawv ua ntej, lawv raug tshem tawm. Qhov no yog tsim nyog los tsim ib qho chaw sab hauv raws li qhov project uas twb muaj lawm.
Yog tias cov qauv yuav muaj ntau tshaj ib lub tsev, ces nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog ntxiv. Rau qhov no, cov kav dej profiled, cov channel yog siv. Cov khoom tuab ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv no yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 2 hli. Cov qauv zoo sib xws tau kho rau cov phab ntsa uas muaj cov kabmob.
Txoj haujlwm ntxiv dag zog rau tus ncej yog nqa tawm sab hauv thiab tawm. Hauv qhov no, ntxiv qhov rais thiab qhov rooj tuaj yeem raug txiav. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum siv lub grinder. Cov npoo tsim thaum lub sij hawm txiav yog ua tiav siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
Insulation Nyob
Lub tsev ntim khoom tuaj yeem thaiv tau. Hauv qhov no, lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm txhua xyoo puag ncig hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv. Yog tias koj npaj yuav txais cov qhua tsuas yog lub caij ntuj sov, koj tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj cua sov. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov muaj cov rwb thaiv tsev thermal yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev nyab xeeb sab hauv tsev.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev rwb thaiv tsev, yuav tsum muaj suab nrov. Hlau xa suab zoo los ntawm sab nraud, yog li nws raug nquahu kom them nyiaj rau qhov teeb meem no. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntsiag to, cov neeg hauv tsev tuaj yeem sawv los ntawm lub suab los nag, cua, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog soundproofing uas yuav ua rau nyob hauv tsev xis nyob.
Thaum tsim cov rwb thaiv tsev, nws tsim nyog xav tias hlau yog cov khoom txias. Txawm nrog qhov zoo tshaj plawscua sov system sab hauv yuav txias. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau ua kom sov sai yog tias lub hnub ci ntsa iab ntawm lub tsev. Yog li ntawd, ib txheej ntawm high-zoo thermal rwb thaiv tsev tsis yog tsuas yog ntshaw, tab sis xyaum tsim nyog. Nrog rau qhov no, koj yuav tsum xav txog qhov cua tshuab.
Lub tsev ntim khoom yog insulated nrog cov khoom sib txawv. Feem ntau nws yog polyurethane ua npuas ncauj los yog ntxhia wool. Lub thickness ntawm txheej yuav tsum txaus rau lub rwb thaiv tsev los ua lub luag haujlwm muab rau lawv.
Thaum xaiv cov ntaub plaub ntxhia, nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab kev nyiam rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov slabs. Lawv nruj dua. Polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yog ib yam tshiab ntawm rwb thaiv tsev. Nws qualitatively tiv thaiv lub tsev los ntawm tshav kub poob. Nws kuj yog zoo soundproofing. Tus nqi ntawm rwb thaiv tsev nrog polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yog siab. Nws daim ntawv thov yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi siab them tawm hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Lub neej muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm polyurethane ua npuas ncauj rwb thaiv tsev yog tsawg kawg 20 xyoo.
Qee zaum, koj tuaj yeem txuag nyiaj thiab ua kom tiav cov thawv ntim nrog Styrofoam lossis Styrofoam. Qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog qhov zoo dua. Cov no yog cov khoom siv pheej yig uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv cov ntawv tuab kom tsis txhob poob thaum lub caij ntuj no.
Cov ntaub ntawv yog txuas rau saum npoo nrog yas pins. Cov clamps yog pre-screwed rau hauv lub thawv. Tom qab tsim ib txheej ntawm rwb thaiv tsev, nws yuav tsum tau them nrog waterproofing. Nws tuaj yeem yog cov hnab yas zoo tib yam.
Sab nrauv trim
Lub tsev ntim khoom tuaj yeem ua tiavcov ntaub ntawv sib txawv. Kev npaj ua haujlwm tab tom ua. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tsim lub crate. Nws yog ua los ntawm cov hlau profile lossis ntoo slats. Thawj qhov kev xaiv yog qhov zoo dua. Cov ntawv ntawm OSB lossis cov plywood uas tsis muaj dej noo yuav raug kho ntawm lub crate.
Kev ua tiav sab nrauv tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog rau sab, hniav plaster, thaiv tsev lossis yas. Qee tus tswv ntawm cov qauv no ua tiav nrog cov pob zeb cuav lossis ntuj tsim.
Qhov zoo li lub tsev ntim khoom tuaj yeem sib txawv heev. Tus sau lub tswv yim yog yuav luag unlimited ntawm no. Txhua yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj muab thaj chaw dav rau kev muaj tswv yim zoo. Muaj nyob rau hauv ntau textures thiab xim.
Sab nrauv yog pre-primed. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav ua tau rau mount cov kab tsim nyog rau nws. Nws tuaj yeem yog ntuj lossis pob zeb. Cov txheej yog tsau nrog cov cement mortar lossis cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb.
Koj tuaj yeem ua tiav lub façade nrog plaster. Ua li no, siv spatulas ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv. Tom qab hardening, nthuav kev ntxhib los mos ntawm nws. Nws tuaj yeem pleev xim rau plaster hauv txhua yam xim.
Yog tias koj xav tau nruab ib lub vaj huam sib luag (piv txwv li, sab hauv lossis thaiv tsev), koj yuav tsum tau ua ntej mount lub crate.
kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv
Kom ua tiav sab hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav qhov chaw. Nws yuav ua tau rau mount qhov xav tau tiav ntawm nws. Drywall los xij tuaj yeem siv rau sab hauv cladding. Lawv tuaj yeem yog wallpapered, pleev xim los yog plastered. Yuav luag tag nrhocov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv yuav muaj nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no.
Vim lub qab nthab qhov siab yuav tsis siab dhau hauv lub tsev ntim khoom, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsim ntau theem hauv cov chav. Koj tuaj yeem nruab ib daim ntaub stretch, ua kom tiav qhov chaw nrog drywall. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, qhov saum npoo tuaj yeem pleev xim los yog plastered.
