Ntoo tau paub ntev los ntawm noob neej ua ib qho khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws hauv tsev. Nws cov yam ntxwv tso cai rau nws siv rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam. Cov khoom no yog txhim khu kev qha, ruaj, endowed nrog zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntoo yog nto moo rau nws ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg. Yog li ntawd, nws cov Scope yog dav heev. Ntau yam khoom yog tsim los ntawm ntoo. Dab tsi yog ntoo, lawv lub hom phiaj yog dab tsi, yuav tsum tau xav txog ntau yam ntxiv. Ntau yam ntawm cov khoom zoo li no ua rau nws siv tau rau ntau yam khoom.
yam ntxwv dav dav
Hnub no, muaj ntau hom ntoo sib txawv. Lawv tau txais los ntawm kev txiav raws cov fibers. Kev ua kom zoo yuav tsum tau ua txhua yam ntoo. GOST 8486-86 thiab 2695-83 yog cov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom zoo li no. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev lag luam no tau tswj hwm los ntawm ntau lwm cov qauv. Lawv qhov kev ua tiav yog qhov tsim nyog hauv kev tsim cov khoom zoo.
Ntxiv rau nws qhov zoo, ntoo kuj paub txog nws qhov tsis txaus. Nws raug rau ntau yam kev puas tsuaj, lwj, txheej txheemkev ua haujlwm ntawm kab thiab kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom no tuaj yeem deformed nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig. Txhawm rau zam tag nrho cov teeb meem no, yuav tsum tuav kom raug. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab tias cov ntoo yog dab tsi, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov xwm txheej npaj rau kev ua haujlwm.
siv tau cov tsiaj
Txhua tus ntoo muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Hom ntoo yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Ob qho tib si coniferous thiab deciduous ntau yam yog siv. Lawv cov nqi yog nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv.
Pine yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov ntoo pheej yig. Cov khoom no muaj ntau cov resins. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog siv nyob rau hauv siab ambient kub. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog ntawm ntoo thuv yog qhov tsawg heev.
Larch muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov kab mob, kab mob thiab kab. Nws tsis ntshai ya raws. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua qhov chaw ntawm kev tsim kho.
Oak muaj npe nrov rau nws qhov kev ntxhib los mos zoo nkauj. Nws yog qhov ruaj khov heev, uas ua rau nws nrov hauv kev tsim kho thiab kho kom zoo nkauj. Tshauv yog resistant rau txhua yam kev nyuaj siab vim nws elasticity. Hom ntoo no, zoo li birch, yog ib qho yooj yim rau txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd, ntau yam khoom yog tsim los ntawm nws, txawm nyob hauv tsev.
Cov khoom ntawm txhua yam khoom yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum ua.
Qib kev ua haujlwm
Ua ntej sawing ntoo yog raug rau kev npaj ntxiv. Nws yog qhuav rau ib theem twg. Los ntawmnws nyob ntawm qhov Scope ntawm nws daim ntawv thov. Yog tias cov dej noo ntawm cov ntoo tom qab ua tiav tsis tshaj 10%, nws yog cov ntoo qhuav. Parquet, boards, thiab lwm yam yog tsim los ntawm nws.
Ntau yam khoom siv tau qhuav mus txog 11-15% ntoo. Pem teb boards, platbands, skirting boards, thiab lwm yam yog tsim los ntawm nws, Yog hais tias cov khoom yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug noo noo theem ntawm 18%, nws yog siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab nrauv, teem lub truss system, thiab lwm yam.
Cov txheej txheem ziab yog ua nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug chamber ntawm siab kub. Txhua tus txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua kom raug ntawm txhua qhov haujlwm.
txheej txheem txheej txheem
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los txiav lub cav. Nws tuaj yeem yog radial lossis tangential. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, lub incision khiav mus rau qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob rings. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov tuav yog tau nyob rau hauv txawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Lawv qhov dav yog txwv los ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm tsob ntoo nws tus kheej.
Tangential txiav qhia tangentially txheeb ze rau kev loj hlob rings. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom tau txais ntau qhov seem ntawm seem zoo ib yam thiab qhov loj me ntawm cov zis.
Txhua cov ntoo tawv thiab ntoo mos yog muab faib ua unedged, npaj lossis edged. Hauv thawj kis, muaj cov chaw tsis kho ntawm cov khoom, uas tsuas yog tso tawm los ntawm cov tawv ntoo thiab pob tw.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntug muaj cov saw txiav uas sib npaug rau ib leeg. Qhov no yog ib qho khoom sib dhos. Cov khoom npaj los ntawm tsawg kawg ib qhov chaw tsis muaj roughness. Lawv tau npaj.
Cib hom
Raws li cov duab uas cov khoom tau txais tom qab ua tiav, ntau hom ntoo yog qhov txawv. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov nyob ntawm lawv qhov ntev. Ob leeg sawn softwood thiab hardwood muaj cov yam ntxwv.
thawj hauv qhov kev faib tawm yog qhov nqaj. Nws thickness ntau tshaj 100 hli. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau nrhiav tom qab ntoo. Boards, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, yog txwv nyob rau hauv thickness. Cov yam ntxwv no tsis pub tshaj 100 hli.
Lub bar muaj qhov tuab tsis tshaj 100 hli. Tab sis rau cov khoom no, lwm qhov parameter tseem ceeb. Nws qhov dav yuav tsum tsawg dua ob zaug lub thickness.
Obapol muaj ib tug txiav ntawm ib sab nkaus xwb. Qhov dav yuav txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd tsis ntev los no, rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj, xws li hom ntoo li slab tau pib siv. Qhov no yog ib qho kev xaiv nruab nrab ntawm obapole thiab lub rooj tsavxwm. Nws tsuas muaj ib lub dav hlau tiaj tus xwb. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws nto yog tsis kho thiab muaj ib tug li niaj zaus semicircular duab. Tsis tas li, ntau hom sawing suav nrog clapboard, thaiv tsev, planken thiab cav.
Ntau yam txiav ntoo
Kawm seb cov ntoo yog dab tsi, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tab sis ua tib zoo mloog lub hom phiaj ntawm txhua yam. Cov nqaj tuaj yeem ua tau glued, zoo tib yam, qhov rais los yog imitated. Muaj cov khoom lag luam uas cuam tshuam nrog hom no. Lawv qhov hlais yog tsawg kawg yog 120 x 120 mm. Lawv muaj ib tug txiav ntawm nyias kawg. Nws tsis tsawg tshaj li 1/3 ntawm sab ntawm kab.
Lub rooj tsavxwm tuaj yeem yog pem teb, lawj, terraced. Rau txhua daim ntawv thov, nws yog ua tiavraws li.
Lub bar tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim lossis npaj. Tus so ntawm cov ntoo sib txawv ntawm qhov loj, zoo li. Cov peev txheej ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov yuav txawv. Lawv siv hauv tsev thiab sab nraum zoov.
Nws tseem yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias qhov ntev ntawm cov ntoo yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 5 m rau cov ntoo tawv, thiab 6.5 m rau conifers.
Yuav siv cov ntoo softwood
Softwood feem ntau yog mos thiab lub teeb. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj zog heev, hnyav cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pab pawg no (piv txwv li, yew). Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj cov ntaub ntawv resin thiab ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm knots. Nov yog hom ntoo pheej yig dua.
Softwood lumber yog siv hauv kev siv ntoo thiab kev tsim kho. Tab sis feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv no tsim nyog rau kev ua tiav chav qhuav nrog qhov kub thiab txias. Rau kev siv sab nraum zoov, cov ntoo no tau kho nrog cov impregnations tshwj xeeb.
Hardwood applications
Feem ntau, cov ntoo tawv ntoo muaj qhov nyuaj siab. Lawv yog cov denser, hnyav dua li coniferous ntau yam. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, lawv cov nqi yog siab heev.
Hardwood lumber yog siv los tsim rafters, ya davhlau ntawm cov ntaiv hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug, sheathing ntawm phab ntsa thiab partitions hauv chav, nrog rau cov ceilings.
Linden, poplar lossis birch tsis yog siv los uaload-bearing structures los yog finishing floors. Lawv yog mos thiab lub teeb.
Tau paub txog lub tswv yim ntawm cov ntoo yog dab tsi, hom ntawm lawv yog dab tsi, koj tuaj yeem taw qhia lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom. Hnub no muaj coob leej ntau tus lawm.
