Blocks, los ntawm ntau lub tsev niaj hnub no, yog cov khoom ntawm cov duab plaub. Cov phab ntsa thiab cov hauv paus yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Cov blocks muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm lub zog, hardness, nrog rau tus nqi siab ntawm thermal conductivity, durability, tsis kam hnav thiab ya raws. Muaj ob peb hom blocks. Raws li lawv lub hom phiaj, lawv tau muab faib ua phab ntsa, rau kev npaj lub hauv paus thiab thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Los ntawm kev tsim, lawv muaj lub cev tag nrho thiab nrog cov qauv ntawm tes.
Twb muaj ntau tus tau txaus siab rau tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, thiab tib neeg txhawj xeeb txog qhov teeb meem xws li tso cov blocks. Cov txheej txheem no tsim nyog xav txog qhov nthuav dav, vim tias muaj ntau hom blocks, thiab txhua tus muaj nws txoj cai kev teeb tsa.
Khoom zoo
Blocks muaj ntau yam zoo, thiab qhov no tau tso cai rau lawv los ua neeg nyiam. Yog li nws ua tauhighlight lub siab ceev ntawm erection. Qhov loj ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, lub sijhawm tsawg nws yuav siv rau kev tsim kho. Thaiv nteg siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb txo qis cov cement hauv cov txheej txheem.
Geometrically raug, cov ntaub ntawv no tso cai rau koj los kho qib ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws. Txawm hais tias muaj qhov cuam tshuam me ntsis, nws yuav pom tam sim ntawd. Lwm qhov zoo dua yog tias txawm tias cov neeg uas tsis muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev tsim tsev tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no.
Kev tsim kho tsis zoo
Tsis yog txhua qhov thaiv muaj qhov hnyav hnyav, thiab tsis yog txhua tus neeg nyiam thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa. Cov khoom siv ntxiv dag zog yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem siv yam tsis muaj cov khoom nqa nqa. Tab sis txawm tias aerated qhob, ua npuas ncauj ua npuas ncauj thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb heev rau khaws cia rau ntawm qhov chaw. Cov ntaub ntawv thaiv tsev niaj hnub feem ntau tsis nyiam raug cov dej noo thiab tsis tuaj yeem pw sab nraum zoov ntev.
Npaj ib lub mortar rau nteg blocks
Kev tsim cov mortars muaj ntau yam sib txawv. Txawm hais tias yuav siv li cas nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov masonry, thawj kab yog nteg nruj me ntsis rau ntawm cov cement-xuab zeb mortar. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los npaj: rau 1 feem ntawm cov cement peb muab 3 xuab zeb huv si.
Sib tov ua haujlwm nrog cov blocks yuav tsum tau nplawm kom huv si. Nws yog qhov ua tau zoo dua los siv lub pob zeb sib tov, vim nws nyuaj heev los npaj ntau cov mortar los ntawm tes. Txhawm rau ua haujlwm nrog cov blocks, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua kom muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm txhua lub sijhawm nrog kev pab ntawmnplawm. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ib tug me me ntawm cov dej yog poured rau hauv lub tov khoom, thiab ces tag nrho lwm yam ntxiv. Cov Cheebtsam ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tsum sib tov rau li ob feeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev sib xyaw hauv tsev rau cov pob zeb aerated, nrog rau lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev, yuav tsum siv li ntawm ob teev.
Sand and cement mortar
Ntau tus neeg tsim khoom ib txwm siv cov khoom sib xyaw no. Blocks cog rau ntawm hom kev daws teeb meem no yog kev lees paub ntawm kev poob cua sov, txawm tias nws yog me me. Kev txuag ntawm cov nplaum sib tov hauv qhov no, yog tias muaj, tsis tseem ceeb.
Raws li lub zog, nws yog tib yam nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub. Yog hais tias kev tso cov pob zeb ua pob zeb yog ua los ntawm cov tshuaj mortar, ces cov phab ntsa yuav tsum tau insulated. Thaum siv cov kua nplaum, cov nqi rwb thaiv tsev tsis xav tau.
YYuav ua li cas ua kua nplaum
Ua ntej tshaj, dej yog nchuav rau hauv lub thoob. Ces cov qhuav sib tov yog poured rau ntawd. Tag nrho cov no yuav tsum tau tov nrog ib tug xyaum. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los ua qhov no ntawm qhov ceev qis.
Qhov feem pua ntawm cov dej thiab cov khoom sib xyaw qhuav tuaj yeem sib txawv, txhua yam nyob ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Yog li ntawd cov kua nplaum tsis tawv, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua nws hauv feem. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm kev npaj siv lub taub hau trowel. Yog hais tias lub block mix yog heev yooj yim mus thov, thiab kuj ntws dawb do ntawm cov hniav, thiab cov grooves tsis merge, ces txhua yam yog lawm.
Txoj kev tso roj silicate blocks
Cov khoom no yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nraud, ntau qhov sib faib, rau kev sauntau yam qauv. Kev tsim cov roj silicate yog cov thev naus laus zis heev, yog li cov khoom siv no muaj cov yam ntxwv muaj zog, tsis tshua muaj thermal conductivity, lub teeb yuag thiab zoo ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg.
Npaj theem
Tso cov roj silicate blocks feem ntau ua rau ntawm lub hauv paus hom kab xev. Nws qhov tob yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 1.8 m. Ua ntej yuav mus rau kev tso thawj txheej, yuav tsum ua kom tsis muaj dej.
Cov khoom siv vov tsev lossis lwm yam khoom siv dov tuaj yeem kho nrog cov cement-xuab zeb mortar, rau kev npaj cov cement thiab xuab zeb sib xyaw hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 3. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los nteg cov tshuaj rau ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem mus ncaj qha rau styling.
Qhov tseem ceeb thaiv cov cuab yeej
Yog li, koj yuav tsum npaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob, lub thoob yas, trowels, qib tsev, nrog rau lub mallet thiab planer. Koj tseem yuav xav tau phau ntawv qhia, thiab nyiam dua ib qho hluav taws xob, saws, square rau kev kos npe ua haujlwm, txhuam hniav, txheej xyaum thiab cov grater.
Txoj kev mounting nrov
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev uas tso cov roj silicate blocks tuaj yeem ua tiav. Thawj txoj kev yog siv cov tshuaj ib txwm siv, qhov thib ob yog nqa tawm siv cov kua nplaum. Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj yog tsawg kawg yog ob zaug qis dua tus nqi ntawm cov nplaum.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov cement-sand mortar tau noj 6 zaug ntau dua li cov kua nplaum. Lub thickness ntawm seam siv mortar yuav tsum yog li 10-20 mm. Qhov no yogmuaj peev xwm provoke lub tsos ntawm "txias txuas hniav", thiab ces txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pwm, fungus thiab tsub zuj zuj ntawm condensate. Tias yog vim li cas ntau tus tau pom cov nplaum nplaum. Nrog rau cov khoom siv no, nws tuaj yeem txo qhov tuab ntawm cov seam thiab tib lub sijhawm txo qhov kub poob.
Lub thickness ntawm cov nplaum yuav tsum tsuas yog 2-3 hli, uas yuav ua rau kom nce qib ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Yog tias tso cov blocks ntawm cov kua nplaum tau ua thaum lub caij ntuj no, tom qab muag koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Technology
Vim tias lub tsev thaiv muaj qhov tseeb, cov txheej txheem yuav tsis nyuaj. Tab sis thawj kab yuav tsum tau muab tso kom zoo zoo. Nws yog ntsia rau ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav maximally theem saum npoo raws lub dav hlau kab rov tav. Txhawm rau txhim kho adhesion, cov blocks yog moistened.
Ua ntej, cov blocks tau muab tso rau hauv cov ces kaum, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tau ua raws li cov lus qhia. Tom qab ntawd, tus so ntawm lub ntsiab yog pw. Cov lus qhia rau cov phab ntsa sab nraud yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua ntej pib ua haujlwm. Cov phab ntsa sab hauv yog pw ntawm sab.
Cov txheej tom ntej tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm cov kua nplaum. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg kuj yog siv rau qhov kawg. Cov kua nplaum ntau dhau yuav tsis rub tawm. Nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm nrog rauj. Koj tuaj yeem txav mus rau kab tom ntej tsuas yog tom qab 2 teev. Thaum lub sij hawm no, cov kua nplaum yuav tsum txeeb, thiab shrinkage kuj tshwm sim. Cov blocks yog stacked nrog ib qho offset ntawm 8 cm. Yog li, cov kab tom ntej tom qab thawj zaug thiab txhua tus tom ntej yuav tsum tau offset. Qhov no yuav ua rau kom rigidity ntawm cov qauv. Yog tias tsim nyog los kho qhov thaiv, qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav nrogkev pab ntawm ib tug mallet. Irregularities yog yooj yim tshem tawm nrog ib tug grater. Yog tias koj xav tau txiav qhov thaiv, ces cov roj silicate qiv nws tus kheej zoo kawg nkaus rau kev txiav txim ntawm cov saw.
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem, txhua txhua plaub kab yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog - ib kab yog strobed, thiab reinforcement yog ntsia nyob rau hauv lub strobe raws tag nrho ntev. Tom ntej no, kab yuav tsum tau ntim nrog kua nplaum los yog mortar. Kev tso ntawm aerated qhob blocks yog nqa tawm siv tib lub tshuab. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm no.
Tsim nrog cov ntsiab lus ceramic
Lub pob zeb no yog pob zeb microporous, sab ntsej muag uas yog corrugated. Qhov loj ntawm ib lub caij yog loj dua li cov cib tsoos, uas txo cov sij hawm tsim kho.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Ntawm qhov zoo yog qhov ua tau zoo ib puag ncig thiab muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntawm lawv tus kheej yam tsis tau caw cov kws tshaj lij. Ceramic blocks muaj cov yam ntxwv txuag hluav taws xob zoo thoob plaws hauv lawv lub neej ua haujlwm tag nrho. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv no yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog siab, incombustibility.
Qhov tsis zoo suav nrog tus nqi siab, nrog rau qhov tsis yooj yim thaum thauj. Kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis muaj cov kws tsim ua haujlwm uas paub tseeb tias kev tso cov pob zeb ceramic yog dab tsi.
Technology ntawm kev ua haujlwm
Ua ntej pib txheej txheem, thawj kauj ruam yog los tiv thaiv lub hauv paus. Qhov sib tov yog siv thoob plaws tag nrho qhov dav ntawm phab ntsa thiab sim tiv thaiv kev tsim cov voids. Thawj thaiv yog muab tso rau ntawm lub ces kaum. Cement-sand mortar tsuas yog siv rau thawj txheej.
txheej txheem tau yooj yim heev los ntawm qhov muaj nyob ntawm qhov nocov khoom siv ntawm tus nplaig-thiab-groove pob qij txha. Qhov no pab kho cov blocks ntawm lub dav hlau ntsug. Roj hmab mallet yog siv los haum. Xws li cov cuab yeej txaus los tshem tawm cov chips thiab kho cov qib. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, kev tso cov blocks, txawm tias lawv yuav yog, tsis txawv ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cib. Tshwj tsis yog cov khoom siv rau kev tsim khoom sib txawv.
Yuav ua li cas ua tsev los ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav
Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no tau siv ntau tshaj li ib nrab xyoo pua. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tso cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev los ntawm cov khoom siv no tsis yog qhov nyuaj tshwj xeeb. Txawm tias cov pib tshiab yuav tiv nrog nws, txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav thiab ua raws li thev naus laus zis.
Kev sib xyaw thiab hom thaiv cov ntaub ntawv
Cov khoom yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav, nrog rau cov xuab zeb, dej thiab cov cement. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev muaj kev nyab xeeb, ib puag ncig zoo thiab zoo tagnrho rau cov phab ntsa. Cov blocks muaj cov qauv ntxeem tau, lawv yog lub teeb thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv thermal rwb thaiv tsev.
Cov ntsiab lus no yuav txawv ntawm cov duab thiab qhov loj me - feem ntau nws nyob ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom tsim rau phab ntsa tuaj yeem ua tau ob lub cev puv thiab hollow. Kab noj hniav kuj tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam duab thiab ntau thiab tsawg, nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov.
Tsev ua haujlwm
Txiav cov av nplaum nthuav dav tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam. Kev xaiv ntawm ib qho tsim nyog nyob ntawm qhov xav tau thickness, muaj cov rwb thaiv tsev, hom phab ntsa cladding. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv ib nrab ntawm qhov thaiv, ib lub caij dav nrog hnav khaub ncaws, 60 cm dav nrog hnav khaub ncaws thiab voids, obphab ntsa. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum ua raws li tag nrho cov cai. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus yuav tsum tiaj tus raws li qhov ua tau nrog kev tiv thaiv dej hauv ob qhov thaiv.
txheej txheem ntawm kev tso cov khoom siv hauv tsev no tsis txawv ntau ntawm lwm tus. Ntawm no, ib yam nkaus, thawj thaiv yog nteg los ntawm lub ces kaum. Ib qho tshuaj txog li peb centimeters tuab yog muab tso ncaj qha rau ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv dej. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm qhov thaiv yuav tsum nruj tswj hwm los ntawm lub tsev thiab qib dej.
Ib txoj hlua rub los ntawm cov blocks ntawm cov ces kaum thiab thawj kab twb muab tso rau ntawm nws. Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis ntawm kev daws ntawm xuab zeb thiab cement. Tom ntej no los ntawm kab thib ob nrog kev hnav khaub ncaws thiab kev tswj nruj raws lub dav hlau ntsug. Cov kab thib ob thiab tom ntej tuaj yeem cog rau ntawm cov nplaum.
Ib txhij nrog cov masonry, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txhawb cov phab ntsa sab nrauv thiab sab hauv. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua rau txhua txhua peb lossis plaub kab. Rau qhov no, fittings nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 8-10 millimeters yog tsim nyog. Qee zaum ib daim phiaj siv tau los hloov. Qhov kev txhawb zog yog muab tso rau hauv strobes - lawv tuaj yeem npaj tau, lossis lawv yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab sib tsoo. Tom qab tso qhov kev txhawb zog, lub strobe tau ntim nrog cov cement mortar.
Zaj lus
Qhov no yog li cas kev tso cov pob zeb aerated yog ua los ntawm tes. Raws li koj tau pom, nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj heev. Nws yog txaus kom ua raws li cov thev naus laus zis, ua raws li cov lus qhia saum toj no, thiab tom qab ntawd koj yuav ua tiav.
