Pears yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov lig los yog thaum ntxov caij nplooj zeeg, lawv yog them nrog ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm brightly xim txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tab sis xws li ib tug tshwm sim yog ua tau tsuas yog nrog kev saib xyuas zoo thiab ib tug zoo tsim crown. Kev saib xyuas kom zoo ntawm pear nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav yuav muab sijhawm rau kev txaus siab rau nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qab qab.
Pear hlob zoo hauv cov av xoob, loamy. Nws hlub lub ntiaj teb dub, hav zoov grey ntiaj teb.
Loj hlob tsis zoo hauv cov av xuab zeb lossis av nplaum hnyav. Cov tom kawg pab kom stagnation ntawm cov dej nyob ze cov hauv paus hniav.
Luag
Nws yog qhov zoo dua los cog pear hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem ua nws thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej lub buds qhib. Lub qhov dej tseem zoo dua los npaj rau lub caij nplooj zeeg. Thaum xaiv cov nroj tsuag rau cog, koj yuav tsum xav tias yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ob lub pears hauv lub vaj. Qhov no yuav txhim kho tsob ntoo pollination.
Feem ntau ib tsob txiv ntoo siab heev. Nws cov hauv paus hniav tsis nyiam Frost, thiab lub crown yuav tsum muaj teeb pom kev zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab nws tso rau sab hnub poob lossis sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm lub vaj. Sim tsis txhob cia nws loj hlob nyob zeRowan. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv muaj tib cov yeeb ncuab nrog ib tug pear. Ib tug txiv duaj yuav tsis txi txiv ze ntawm phab ntsa tsev.
Pear in nature nyiam loj hlob ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj lossis toj. Koj tuaj yeem siv qhov tshwj xeeb no kom loj hlob nws.
khawb ib lub qhov rau hauv daim ntawv lub voos xwmfab nrog ib sab ntawm 1 m, sib tov cov av xaiv nrog humus, compost, ib kilogram ntawm superphosphate, poov tshuaj chloride (100 g). Nws yog qhov zoo heev los nqa tawm cov av los ntawm kev ntxiv ib thiab ib nrab kilograms ntawm cov tshuaj no rau hauv lub qhov.
Lub qhov dej puv nkaus. Dej tsob ntoo, khi nws rau ib qho kev txhawb nqa. Koj tuaj yeem tawm hauv qhov chaw so rau dej, uas yog tom qab ntawd mulched nrog txheej tuab ntawm nyom, straw lossis sawdust.
Tom qab cog pear, nws cov hauv paus caj dab yuav tsum yog 3 centimeters siab dua hauv av.
Cov ntoo txiv ntoo hluas tsis nyiam hnub ci ncaj qha. Los ntawm lawv qhov cuam tshuam, nplooj pib tig dub. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum ntxoov tsob ntoo. Thiab thaum nws loj hlob tuaj, lub hnub yuav zoo siab txais tos rau nws.
Irrigation
Pear, zoo li tsob ntoo, yuav tsis muaj peev xwm cag tsis muaj dej txaus. Nws tuaj yeem watered los ntawm sprinkling. Qhov kev xaiv no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau pear, tab sis tsis yog ib txwm muaj rau nws tus tswv.
Hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem khawb ib qhov tob txog 15 centimeters nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo thiab hliv dej rau hauv nws. Tus naj npawb ntawm irrigation yog txiav txim los ntawm huab cua. Tom qab cog, koj yuav tsum tau ywg dej txhua hnub, hauv huab cua txias - ib zaug txhua peb hnub rau ob lub hlis.
Qhov tuab ntawm cov mulch, qhov tsawg dua koj tuaj yeem dej taupear ntoo. Cov dej noo ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau cov cag rot.
Kev saib xyuas pear seedlings nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav muaj xws li watering. Yog hais tias muaj me ntsis noo nyob rau hauv av, lub pear yog watered ua ntej nws blooms. Rau ib tsob ntoo hluas, 5-6 thoob yuav txaus rau qhov no, thiab cov laus pears yog watered ntawm tus nqi ntawm peb thoob ib square meter ntawm cheeb tsam nyob los ntawm lub hauv paus system. Tom qab watering, ntxiv, yog tias tsim nyog, ib txheej ntawm mulch los yog loosen lub uncovered av.
Yog cov av noo, ces kev saib xyuas pears nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tsis suav nrog kev ywg dej. Nws cov cag nkag mus rau qhov tob qhov twg cov dej txaus rau kev loj hlob ib txwm.
Pear care in ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav
Pib nrog txiav cov ceg thiab ua lub kaus mom. Nws yog nqa tawm tom qab kev hem thawj ntawm thaum ntxov Frost blows, thiab xaus ua ntej bud so. Tom qab tag nrho, pear yuav tsum kho nws qhov txhab ua ntej lub sijhawm no kom nws tsis nkag mus rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tsis muaj zog.
Pruning tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsej muag tsim lossis kho. Koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov qoob loo ib txwm los ntawm tsob ntoo tsim kom zoo.
Lub pear crown tshwm sim:
- Palmetta.
- Sparse-tiered.
Palmette qhia me ntsis cuam tshuam nrog cov duab ntawm lub kaus mom. Tus neeg xyuas pib nyob hauv nruab nrab thiab loj hlob tuaj. Txawm hais tias luv luv, nws tsis raug txiav tawm ntawm lub nplhaib.
Nrog ib daim ntawv me me ntawm cov yas, cov ceg loj hlob hauv qib, txhua tus muaj ob peb lub cev pob txha.
Kev tu txiv pear hauv lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tom qab nplooj tawg
Ib tsob ntoo muaj hnub nyoog ib xyoos raug txiav mus rau 90 centimeters. Nrog rau kev tsim ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ceg los ntawm blossoming buds, lawv yuav tsum tau coj mus rau ib tug kab rov tav txoj hauj lwm. Ua li no, ib qho khaub ncaws zoo tib yam yog hooked tshaj qhov tsis-lignified tua. Nws qhov ntev yog coj txoj kev khiav mus rau qhov raug. Yog tias lub Tsib Hlis lossis Lub Rau Hli lawv tsis muaj sijhawm los ua cov txheej txheem no, thaum Lub Xya Hli-Lub Yim Hli lawv raug xa nrog twine.
Muab cov yub uas muaj ob xyoos rau hauv av, tawm 3-4 skeletal ceg nyob rau hauv nws thiab luv lawv los ntawm ib feem peb ntawm qhov ntev. Ib qho luv luv pruning ua rau lig fruiting. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj zog cov tub ntxhais hluas ntsug tua pib loj hlob ntawm cov ceg txiav hauv txoj kev no, uas tseem yuav tau muab tshem tawm. Tus neeg xyuas pib txiav 20 cm saum toj no cov ceg.
Ntau cov ceg pob txha (ntawm thawj qhov kev txiav txim) nyob rau hauv qis qis ntawm lub crown overload nws thiab tsis pab kom tsim tau ib tug zoo nkauj crown.
Nyob hauv ib tsob ntoo laus, cov ceg tau hloov mus rau txoj kab rov tav, khi nrog ib txoj hlua thiab kho los ntawm tus ntsia thawv tsav mus rau hauv lub cev. Nws yog qhov yooj yim los ua qhov no nrog pear dua nrog tsob ntoo txiv apple. Nws cov ceg yog ntau elastic. Txawm hais tias qhov seem ntawm kev saib xyuas cov txiv apples thiab pear ntoo nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav zoo sib xws hauv ntau txoj hauv kev.
Pruning mature ntoo
Yog hais tias koj tsis tau txhais qee cov ceg rau hauv txoj kab rov tav, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tshem lawv los ntawm kev txiav rau hauv ib lub nplhaib.
Cov ceg uas sab laug kom loj hlob vertically tuaj rau fruition tom qab. Thiab yog hais tias lub crown tsis raug txiav thiab zoo li tus, ces cov tawm los ntawm tsob ntoo yuav tsawg.
Koj tuaj yeem nthuav cov yas los ntawm kev hloov cov ceg pob txha mus rau sab nrauv ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thib ob. Ua li no, ceg txiav kom lub raum,nyob tom qab txiav tawm sab nraud.
Qab thib ob yog tsim nyob rau xyoo plaub ntawm ib tug txiv duaj lub neej. Tus neeg xyuas pib raug txiav tawm, tawm hauv 7 buds. Tag nrho cov ceg uas nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov tiers yog luv rau fruiting.
Rau xyoo thib tsib thiab tom ntej, lub kaus mom tau qhia meej, txhua qhov kev loj hlob vertically raug txiav rau hauv lub nplhaib, lossis, yog tias tsim nyog, lawv raug xa mus rau sab nraud.
Yav tom ntej, qhuav, kab mob, cov ceg tawg raug txiav. Lawv txwv tsis pub hla thiab kev sib txhuam ntawm cov ceg ntoo tawm tsam ib leeg.
Yog tias pear loj hlob nrog kev pub mis tsis tu ncua tau txo qis rau 20 cm, koj tuaj yeem nqa tawm lub teeb los tiv thaiv kev laus. Cov ceg tsis muaj zog raug txiav tawm, tus so yog luv luv, hloov mus rau sab sawv daws yuav. Qhov no yuav ua rau kom tau txais txiaj ntsig siab tau ntau xyoo.
Kev saib xyuas cov tub ntxhais hluas pear nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav txuas ntxiv los ntawm kev tu vaj tse, uas tiv thaiv cov hauv paus hniav thiab lub cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag los ntawm Frost thiab nas rau lub caij ntuj no. Xyuas lawv tus mob. Cov kab mob sab laug los ntawm cov nas yog kho nrog vitriol thiab npog nrog vaj teb. Kev saib xyuas pears nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav suav nrog kev kho lub cev nrog cov txiv qaub mortar. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv nws los ntawm tshav kub ua ntej nplooj tawg thiab tua qee cov kab mob.
Cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm tsob ntoo yog khawb mus txog qhov tob ntawm 8-15 cm. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tsis tsuas yog aeration nce thiab noo noo yog nthuav tawm, tab sis kuj cov kab tsuag uas tau hibernated muaj puas lawm. Tom qab ntawd lub cev lub voj voog yog mulched.
Nyob
Kev saib xyuas pears nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav feem ntau suav nrog kev hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj. Ib tug pear thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob ib txwm ib xyoos muabkev loj hlob ntawm 40 centimeters. Yog hais tias nws yog me me, ces koj yuav tsum tau urgently pub tsob ntoo. Hauv qhov no, lub hnub nyoog ntawm tsob ntoo yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Yog tias nws muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 15 xyoos lawm, kev hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus yuav tsis pab, koj yuav tsum tau ua kev txiav txim siab tiv thaiv kev laus.
Nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau fertilize pear hauv thawj xyoo tom qab cog. Tom qab tag nrho, koj muab tag nrho cov khoom nws xav tau rau hauv lub qhov. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo thib ob, koj muaj peev xwm twb pib thov cov organic teeb meem txhua peb lub xyoos, ntxhia chiv - txhua txhua xyoo, tib yam li thaum cog, sib tov nrog cov av. Organic chiv yog ntxiv tom qab cov ntxhia chiv.
Foliar top hnav khaub ncaws yog pab tau rau pear. Ua ntej flowering, nws yog sprayed nrog ib tug peb feem pua ntawm superphosphate daws. Kev kho mob nrog 2% urea daws ntxiv dag zog rau tsob ntoo thiab nce nws cov txiaj ntsig. Qhov no yog ib qho kev xaiv, tab sis cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb heev, uas suav nrog kev saib xyuas pear nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab mob
Nws feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav paj tawg paj, zoo li dej ntws, thaum lub caij ntuj sov nws npog nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg tsis muaj dab tsi los ntxuav. Yog li ntawd, kev saib xyuas pears nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav suav nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab tsuag.
Kab mob uas feem ntau ua rau cov txiv pears:
- sab;
- rust;
- moniliosis;
- kab mob qog noj ntshav;
- cytosporosis;
- fruit rot.
Nyob zoo:
- apple beetle;
- kab npauj;
- pear sucker;
- aphid;
- May larva gnaws rootkab.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag tuaj yeem tswj tau nrog kev kho mob sib xyaw.
Bordeaux kua, "Pennkotzeb", "Azofos", "Horus" pab tiv thaiv kab mob.
Tab sis ib qho tshuaj tsuag yuav tsis txaus. Yog tias koj xav kom tau txais cov qoob loo zoo, npaj txhij los muab cov kev saib xyuas zoo li pear xav tau. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tshuaj tsuag "Aktara", "Bi-58", "Karate", "Decis" pab tshem tawm cov kab tsuag.
Nws yuav tsum tau ua ntau zaus:
- ua ntej pob tawg;
- ua ntej paj;
- tom qab txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsim;
- tom qab sau qoob.
Lub Tsib Hlis, pob "Aktara" yog bred nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej thiab cov ntoo hluas yog watered los tiv thaiv cov cag los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov larvae ntawm cockchafer.
Kev saib xyuas pears ntawm cloned rootstocks
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo ntawm clonal pear rootstocks:
- lawv txo qhov siab ntawm pear;
- tsob ntoo txi txiv sai;
- lawv yields siab dua li ib txwm.
Thaum xaiv clone rootstock rau pear, nco ntsoov tias lawv tsis sib haum nrog qee yam.
