Dab tsi yog strip foundation? Kev xam pom zoo thiab txhim kho lub hauv paus ntawm cov qauv yog tus yuam sij rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tsim kho zoo rau txhua lub tsev. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm lub hauv paus ib zaug, tab sis daim kab xev yog suav tias yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim siv. Txhawm rau tsim nws, koj tsis tas yuav siv cov khoom siv ntxiv. Txhua tus tuaj yeem tsim kho lub hauv paus sawb nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes, thiab cov lus qhia ua ntu zus yuav pab koj daws qhov teeb meem no sai thiab yooj yim.
Lub ntsiab zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Dab tsi yog strip foundation? Vim li cas thiaj hu li ntawd? Lub hauv paus sawb nyob rau hauv lub tsev tau txais nws lub npe vim yog cov pob zeb ua vaj tse nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus, uas yog faus rau hauv av mus rau ib qho tob. Cov phab ntsa sab nrauv thiab sab hauv ntawm lub tsev raws tag nrho cov kab noj hniav qis dua nyob rau saum npoo ntawm daim kab xev. Raws li hom kev nkag mus rau hauv av, lub hauv paus sawb tuaj yeem faus (ntawm 1.45 mus rau 1.65 meters), nrog rau qhov tob tob (tsis ntau tshaj 1.4 meters).
thawj ntau yam yog siv los uaraws li txoj cai, rau cov tsev loj thiab cov tsev siab siab, thiab qhov thib ob - rau kev tsim cov tsev qis. Raws li nws cov qauv, lub hauv paus tuaj yeem ua prefabricated thiab monolithic. Lub monolithic yog poured nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb pob zeb tov, thiab lub prefabricated ib tug yog tsim los ntawm ib tug neeg reinforced qhob blocks.
Txhawm rau tsim lub hauv paus monolithic ib txwm sawb, cov khoom siv hauv qab no yog siv:
- sand;
- rubble;
- dej;
- tawg cib;
- portland cement;
- fragmented pob zeb;
- steel reinforcement.
Thaum tsim cov qauv ntawm koj tus kheej, koj tuaj yeem tiv tauj lub tuam txhab tsim kho thiab xaj lub hauv paus turnkey strip.
Key nta
Tam sim no nws paub meej tias lub hauv paus sawb yog dab tsi? Nws muaj ntau qhov zoo uas ua rau cov cuab yeej zoo li no nrov ntawm lwm hom hniav:
- tsawg tsawg rau kev thauj khoom siab;
- yooj yim tsim yam tsis siv cov cuab yeej siv hnyav;
- fortress tiav lawm;
- thaum siv lub hauv paus zoo li no, nws tuaj yeem tsim cov av sib tov uas muaj ntau yam sib txawv hauv qhov ntom ntom;
- Cov phab ntsa ntawm cov qauv tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv qab daus ntawm lub tsev.
Qhov dav me me ntawm lub hauv paus sawb yog qhov zoo ntxiv ntawm lub hauv paus.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov system no muaj nws qhov tsis zoo:
- kev tsim kho yuav tsum muaj ntau yam khoom;
- nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom dej tsis muaj dejzaj.
Dab tsi yog strip foundation? Nrog rau tag nrho nws cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo, hom ntawm lub hauv paus no suav hais tias yog dav dav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsim hauv kev lag luam ntiag tug.
Yuav kom xam lub hauv paus sawb kom raug, koj yuav tsum siv lub tshuab xam zauv tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv xws li lub laij lej, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau qhov tsis sib xws ntawm lub trench kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntau npaum li qhov ua tau txog cov khoom siv uas xav tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, siv cov cuab yeej zoo li no, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tag nrho cov nqi ntawm lub hauv paus.
Tsim nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes
Yuav ua li cas thiaj tsim tau lub hauv paus? Vim hais tias los tsim ib yam khoom zoo li no tsis tas yuav siv cov cuab yeej siv hnyav, leej twg tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim ntawm lawv tus kheej.
Rau qhov no, cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ib kauj ruam yuav qhia hauv qab no. Lub hauv paus sawb tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm txhua tus txiv neej uas muaj kev txawj tsim tsawg.
Site npaj
Ua ntej koj pib tsim lub hauv paus, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua tib zoo npaj lub xaib thiab kos cov axes. Nyob rau hauv lub layout, lawv txhais tau tias theem ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov perimeter thiab lub tsev nyob rau hauv qhov siab.
Yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov siab ntawm thaj chaw, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum khawb ib lub trench. Hauv thaj chaw siab dua, koj yuav tsum khawb qhov tob dua, tab sis nyob rau thaj tsam qis, qhov siab ntawm lub hauv paus yuav ntau dua.
Lub cim ntawm lub hauv paus slabs yog ua los ntawm txoj kev tshwj xeeb daim duab peb sab nrog sab 3: 4: 5. Angles hauv qhov noyuav tsum ncaj thiab tag nrho cov kab pheeb ces kaum sib npaug.
Tom qab npaj lub xaib thiab ua tib zoo npaj, khawb ib lub trench mus rau qhov xav tau qhov tob raws qee qhov cim cim pib. Nws qhov tob yuav ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov ntom ntawm cov av, tag nrho cov kev ncua deb mus rau hauv av, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsev yav tom ntej. Rau ib lub tsev uas muaj ntau cov plag tsev, 1.5 meters yog siv, rau ib lub tsev ntiav, tsuas yog ib 'meter' xwb yog txaus yog av tso cai.
Thaum kawg ntawm kev khawb ib lub trench ntawm nws hauv qab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau cog cov av thiab ntws nrog cov txheej ntawm cov pob zeb thiab cov xuab zeb. Xws li ib txheej yog txwv tsis pub hu ua lub hauv ncoo. Qhov dav ntawm qhov tshwm sim trench yuav ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov phab ntsa yuav tsim. Rau ib lub tsev ntiav, qhov dav ntawm 60 centimeters yog txaus.
tus kheej tsim formwork
Tom qab kev tsim cov trench tiav lawm, kev tsim kho ntawm lub formwork pib. Qee lub tuam txhab tsim kho muaj cov qauv ua ntej siv tau rov siv tau, uas yooj yim heev thiab siv tau yooj yim. Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li formwork rau lub hauv paus sawb tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim nrog koj tus kheej tes. Ua li no, npaj cov tuav thiab tes. Lawv tus lej yuav nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm kev tsim kho.
Lub formwork yog ib lub thawv ntoo ntsia saum lub trench. Txij li thaum cov kua dej yuav muab nchuav rau hauv lub trench, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov cai nruj me ntsis ntawm lub tsev. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem kaw nrog qee cov laug cam, ces cov formwork tuaj yeem raug sheathed los ntawm sab hauv nrogsiv ruberoid. Cov qauv tiav yuav tsum tau paub qhov txawv ntawm nws lub zog thiab rigidity, uas yuav pab kom nws tiv taus lub siab ntawm cov pob zeb ib txwm. Ua li no, cov phab ntsa ntawm cov qauv yog fastened ntawm ib leeg nrog tshwj xeeb jumpers txhua ob peb meters. Tsim ib daim formwork rau lub hauv paus sawb nrog koj tus kheej tes yog qhov yooj yim heev thiab yuav tsis nyuaj.
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntoo siv los tsim cov formwork tuaj yeem siv tau ntxiv rau yav tom ntej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tsim cov qauv kom tsis txhob muaj ib lub rooj tsavxwm deformed thaum lub sij hawm disassembly.
Kev xaiv qib pob zeb
Ua ntej tso sawb lub hauv paus slabs, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau txiav txim siab seb hom pob zeb twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus cov khoom hnyav. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov pob zeb yuav nyob ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- hnyav ntawm lub tsev tiav;
- muaj lossis tsis muaj kev thauj khoom ntxiv ntawm lub hauv paus;
- av hom;
- huab cua hauv qhov chaw nyob.
Qhov kev xaiv kuj tseem nyob ntawm qhov kev txhawb nqa siv hauv kev tsim kho.
Hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb hauv qab lub hauv paus, koj tuaj yeem siv cov pob zeb ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm M100 qib. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm ib hom sib dua, piv txwv li, da dej, outbuildings, sheds, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv M200. Kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev ntoo lossis kev tsim kho ntawm lub teeb yuag blocks yuav tsum tau siv M250 pob zeb. Rau cov tsev loj, cov pob zeb zoo nkauj nrog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb yog siv - hom M350, nws lub zog ncav cuag 327 kilograms ib square centimeter.
siab duaCov qib pob zeb yog siv los tsim cov vaj tse uas nyuaj hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm geometry, nrog rau cov cheeb tsam uas muaj huab cua hnyav heev. Muab tag nrho cov yam ntxwv tau piav qhia, tom qab ntawd txhua tus tuaj yeem yooj yim xaiv cov hom pob zeb zoo rau lawv tus kheej los ua lub hauv paus sawb.
ncuav lub hauv paus thiab nteg qhov cuab lub zog
Tom qab tus tswv tau xaiv hom pob zeb, nws yuav tsum tau npaj txhua yam nws xav tau rau kev nchuav. Yuav ua li cas los ua ib tug strip foundation? Qee qhov, txhawm rau pab txhawb lawv txoj haujlwm, ua ntej xaj npaj ua pob zeb los ntawm cov tuam txhab tshwj xeeb. Tus so ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom nyiam ua lawv tus kheej kev daws teeb meem. Rau qhov no, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv lub pob zeb sib tov. Nws sib tov tag nrho cov khoom xyaw. Lawv qhov sib piv yuav ncaj qha nyob ntawm hom pob zeb siv, nrog rau kev tsim ntawm lub hauv paus sawb.
Nyob hauv qab raws li ib puag ncig ntawm cov qauv, cov khoom siv hlau tau muab tso los ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv. Qhov ntau ntawm cov pas nrig thiab lawv cov tuab ntau dua, lub hauv paus muaj zog dua.
Cov pob zeb tsim tau nchuav rau hauv qhov trench thiab formwork mus rau qib cim thiab ua tib zoo leveled kom nws nto ua ntau dua thiab kab rov tav.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm paub ntau ntxiv pom zoo kom siv cov vibrators tshwj xeeb thaum nchuav lub hauv paus loj, uas nkag mus tob rau hauv cov tuab ntawm cov pob zeb nws tus kheej. Lawv pab tshem tawm cov npuas npuas, ua rau lub hauv paus zoo sib xws thiab muaj zog dua.
Tom qab lub hauv paustag nrho hardens thiab yuav npaj txhij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau waterproof nws cov phab ntsa nrog tshwj xeeb txheej cov ntaub ntawv. Lub hauv paus tsim kom zoo yuav pab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm ntev ntawm lub tsev.
Nws siv tau ntev npaum li cas?
Lub neej kev pabcuam ntawm lub hauv paus sawb yuav ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov khoom siv hauv kev ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li:
- monolithic pob zeb thiab rubble tapes ntawm cov cement mortar txuas ntxiv kom ruaj khov rau 150 xyoo;
- cib ribbons - 30 txog 50 xyoo;
- precast qhob - 50-75 xyoo.
Yog tias peb xav txog qhov tsim ntawm lub hauv paus tiav, ces nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua:
- Monolithic - siv rau ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho nws tus kheej.
- Prefabricated - thaum tsim, siv cov pob zeb ua vaj tse ntxiv, tsim ntawm lub Hoobkas thiab txuas rau ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho los ntawm kev siv crane. Lub hauv paus prefabricated yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog - cov pob zeb thiab cov hauv ncoo.
Qhov txawv ntawm txhua hom
Raws li lub zog ntawm kev thauj khoom, cov neeg tsim khoom faib cov sawb hauv paus rau hauv qhov tob thiab ntiav. Lub hauv paus ntiav thiab sib sib zog nqus monolithic yog ib qho muaj zog ua vaj tse pob zeb uas khiav thoob plaws thaj tsam ntawm lub tsev yav tom ntej, uas yuav pab muab cov tsev nrog kev ruaj ntseg zoo thaum ua rau me ntsis heaving thiab heaving av. Hauv qhov no, ib qho yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "tus nqi-lub zog". Tus nqi ntawm lub hauv paus no yuav qis - tsuas yog 15-18 feem pua ntawm tag nrho lub tsev.
Cov hom faus ntawm lub hauv paus sawb yog siv thaum tsim lub tsev nrog cov phab ntsa hnyav lossis cov txheej txheem, nrog rau cov av heaving. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau siv lub hauv paus recessed nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum tus tswv npaj yuav ua kom tiav qhov chaw nres tsheb lossis hauv qab daus hauv lub tsev yav tom ntej. Qhov tob ntawm kev tso lub hauv paus yuav ncav cuag 20-30 centimeters hauv qab qhov tob tob ntawm cov av. Xws li lub hauv paus yuav tsum siv cov khoom siv ntau dua. Hauv qab cov phab ntsa nyob hauv lub tsev, koj tuaj yeem ua lub hauv paus ntawm qhov tob dua - 40-60 centimeters.
Lub hauv paus faus, thaum piv nrog lub hauv paus ntiav, yog qhov txawv ntawm nws lub zog thiab kev ruaj ntseg tshwj xeeb vim qhov tseeb tias nws qhov qis yog nyob rau hauv qab dej hauv av khov thiab tsis raug rau cov txheej txheem deforming. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias thaum tsim nws, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev siv zog ua haujlwm nce ntxiv.
Cov hom kev piav qhia ntawm lub hauv paus feem ntau yog tso rau lub caij ntuj sov. Thaum tsim lawv, nws tsis tas yuav siv cov khoom kim heev, lub pob zeb sib tov thiab mechanization me me yuav txaus rau tus tsim.
Ntawm cov av xuab zeb los yog qhuav, cov hauv paus sawb tau tso cai kom muab tso rau saum cov av khov, tab sis tsis pub tsawg dua 50-60 centimeters ntawm cov av theem.
Nyob rau hauv qhov dej khov tob tob, lub hauv paus hom kab sawb yog siv tsis tshua muaj vim nws tsis zoo tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob kub.
Pros thiab cons ntawm precast foundation
Prefabricated strip foundations feem ntau siv tsis yog hauv kev lag luam xwb, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauvtsim cov tsev ntiav thiab tsev.
Qhov zoo ntawm lub hauv paus zoo li no rau lub tsev suav nrog kev tsim kho sai thiab muaj peev xwm thauj cov qauv tiav tom qab mounting tom qab qee lub sijhawm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias tus nqi ntawm lub hauv paus hom no yuav ntau dua. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho, koj yuav tau siv kev pab los ntawm cov kws builders thiab lifting khoom.
Qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb suav nrog cov hauv qab no: cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv prefabricated (nrog tib lub thickness) yog 20-30 feem pua qis dua li ntawm ib qho monolithic. Lub hauv paus tsim siv cov blocks prefabricated tsis yog nruj li monolithic, vim nws suav nrog ntau qhov sib cais. Lub hauv paus prefabricated tsis tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog nrog kev txhawb nqa ntxiv, vim tias cov blocks yuav nyob raws li tus qauv tsim. Nws muaj peev xwm ntxiv dag zog rau lub hom phiaj prefabricated tsuas yog los ntawm txoj kab sib chaws nteg nruab nrab ntawm kab ntawm sab, tab sis qhov no yuav tsis muab cov txiaj ntsig xav tau.
Nws tuaj yeem txo tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau lub hauv paus ntawm hom no los ntawm kev tso lub hauv paus phab ntsa thaiv thiab hauv ncoo tsis nyob rau hauv ib qho txuas ntxiv, tab sis nrog qee qhov kev ncua deb - lub hauv paus tsis sib xws. Hom lub hauv paus no yuav txuag tau li ntawm 25 feem pua ntawm cov blocks, uas yuav txo tus nqi ntawm tag nrho lub tsev.
Txhua tus tsim yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias yog tias muaj peaty, silty av nrog lub zog tsis muaj zog ntawm nws qhov chaw, ces nws yuav tsum txwv tsis pub siv lub hauv paus tsis sib xws ua lub hauv paus rau lub tsev.
Strip foundation, muaj cov khoom siv prefabricated, poob hauv nws txoj kevLub zog thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm monolithic.
Yuav ua li cas yuam kev?
Qhov yuam kev tau piav qhia hauv qab no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm txhua lub hauv paus, suav nrog daim kab xev:
- Thaum ua haujlwm tshawb fawb, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av tsis tau txiav txim siab - nws qhov kev poob qis thiab hnyav. Qib dej hauv av thiab qhov tob ntawm qhov khov ntawm lub ntiaj teb tau raug txheeb xyuas tsis raug. Vim yog qhov ua yuam kev hauv qhov project, ua yuam kev los ntawm qhov pib ua rau tsis zoo rau lub xeev ntawm lub tsev tiav - lub hauv paus pib tawg, sags hnyav dhau sijhawm.
- Cov khoom siv hauv tsev tsis zoo tau siv thaum ua haujlwm.
Thaum xav txog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau:
- muab tso rau axis tsis raug - lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub tsev tsawg dua lossis ntau dua 90 degrees;
- skew foundation;
- lub qhov dej twb tsis tau khawb rau qhov yuav tsum tau;
- lub thickness ntawm lub hauv ncoo nyob rau hauv lub trench tsis tau muab rau hauv tus account;
- thaum lub sijhawm ua kom cov pob zeb tawv tawv thaum huab cua txias, cov neeg tsim khoom tsis tuav qhov zoo tshaj plaws - cov pob zeb tsis sov, uas ua rau txo qis ntawm nws lub zog thiab lub zog.
khoom siv sib txuas lus
Qee tus neeg uas xav tsim lub hauv paus rau lawv lub tsev yav tom ntej ntawm lawv tus kheej feem ntau ntsib kev sib txuas lus engineering thaum ua haujlwm. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv av - cov kab sib txuas nrog cov cuab yeej thev naus laus zis uas xav tau rau kev thauj mus los ntawm cov pa roj thiab kua, nrog rau kev sib kis ntawm lub zog. Lawv suav nrog cov kav dej kub thiab txias, roj, cov xov tooj thiab cov xov hluav taws xob.
Yuav kom nkag siab tias kev sib txuas lus ntawm hom no yog dab tsi, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau hu rau lub xeev lub koom haum ntawm qhov chaw nyob thiab tau txais daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm koj qhov chaw, uas yuav qhia tag nrho cov khoom siv hauv av tseem ceeb.
Yog tias lub tsev uas yuav rov tsim dua tshiab poob rau kev sib txuas lus zoo li no, tus tsim yuav tau hloov lossis siv lwm yam cuab yeej los txuas lub tsev mus rau qhov chaw. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev tsim kho ntawm ib qho chaw ntiag tug nyob ze lossis saum toj no cov khoom siv hauv av ua rau muaj kev thauj khoom ntxiv ntawm cov qauv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg tsim kev sib tsoo thiab ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab.
Feem ntau, kev sib txuas lus ntawm hom no dhau los ntawm qhov chaw thaum nws nyob hauv ib lub zos lossis sab nraud ntawm lub nroog. Yog tias qhov kev tsim kho tau tsim los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij hauv qhov teeb meem no, txhua txoj hauv kev los daws qhov teeb meem yuav tau tham ua ntej.
