Txhua tus paub tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim lub tsev ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov yam tsis tau txhim kho lub hauv paus ruaj khov. Tab sis tsuas yog engineers paub yuav ua li cas kom tsim lub hauv paus rau lawv lub tsev, yog li ntawd tom qab ob peb plag tsev ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum tau tsa rau nws. Tab sis lub hauv paus yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov qauv hauv kev tsim kho ntawm txhua tus qauv. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog muab - hloov mus rau hauv av cov khoom zoo li qub cuam tshuam nrog lub siab tawm ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev. Tias yog vim li cas lub tsev no tseem ceeb heev.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hauv paus hloov mus rau hauv av thiab lwm yam dynamic loads uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam, xws li cua, dej hauv av, tsheb tsiv nyob ze thiab lwm yam. Thiab yog hais tias lub hauv paus ntawm cov qauv tsim nyob rau hauv ua raws li tag nrho cov yuav tsum tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej, ces kev puas tsuaj los yog deformation ntawm lub tsev.tsis suav nrog.
Foundation Protection
Yuav kom lub tsev muaj lub hauv paus txhim khu kev qha thiab ruaj khov nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, nws tsis txaus tsuas yog tsim thiab suav kom raug. Yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua los tiv thaiv cov xwm txheej sab nraud uas muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntsiab kev thauj khoom ntawm lub tsev. Cov tseem ceeb yog cov dej hauv av thiab atmospheric, nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias sib txawv. Tias yog vim li cas waterproofing thiab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub hauv paus yog ib txwm muaj feem xyuam.
Qhob, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub hauv paus monolithic, muaj cov yam ntxwv tsis zoo: thaum ya raws tau los ntawm nws qhov chaw, nws, ua si lub luag haujlwm ntawm daim txhuam cev, pib nqus dej hauv cov ntim tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau khaws cov thav duab ntawm kev txhawb nqa, nrog rau kev tswj hwm qhov tsis zoo ntawm microclimate hauv qab daus thiab hauv qab daus, lub hauv paus yog waterproofed. SNiP tswj cov txheej txheem no presupposes ib tug txheej txheem rau nws siv. Needless hais, txheej txheem no yog yuav tsum tau.
Raws li kev rwb thaiv tsev, nrog nws cov kev pab koj tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv lub tsev los ntawm kev hloov pauv kub, tab sis kuj tau txais lub sijhawm los khaws cov cua sov hauv nws kom ntev dua. Nyob rau hauv lem, waterproofing lub hauv paus (SNiP 2.02.01-83) siv cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab cov tebchaw ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tiv thaiv nws los ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm noo noo.
Requirements of SNiP
Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau zoo waterproofing thiab rwb thaiv tsevfoundation, feem ntau nyob ntawm kev ntseeg tau ntawm tag nrho cov qauv. Yog li ntawd, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis rau txoj hauj lwm no nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho. Txhua txoj haujlwm tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm SNiP, uas yog lub kaw lus ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm thiab cov qauv uas cuam tshuam txog kev tsim kho. Lawv yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj rwb thaiv tsev thiab ua haujlwm tsis muaj dej nyob rau hauv cov dej hauv av lossis dej phwj tuaj, nrog rau "qee yam kua dej" tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam loj lossis nruab nrab.
Tab sis txawm tias qhov tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam sab nraud, kev tiv thaiv dej thiab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub hauv paus yuav tsis yog qhov tsis tsim nyog ntsuas.
khoom
Hnub no, muaj ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev uas nrov tshaj plaws, nrog kev pab cuam ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov dej tsis zoo ntawm lub hauv paus thiab qhov muag tsis pom kev. Hauv particular, kev tiv thaiv kev ya raws feem ntau yog ua nrog penetron, linochrome lossis penoplex. Cia peb xav txog lawv txhua tus nyias nyias. Cov ntaub ntawv Penetron yog cov rwb thaiv tsev nrov tshaj plaws niaj hnub no. Cov khoom no ua rau kom cov dej tsis kam ntawm cov pob zeb los ntawm kev tsim ib lub network ntawm cov muaju hauv cov kab nrib pleb thiab qhov hws. Penetron compacts pob zeb ua kom cov dej tsis muaj caij nyoog nkag mus rau hauv. Nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas cov waterproofing ntawm lub hauv paus nrog dov cov ntaub ntawv yog tsim nyog, lynocre, uas muaj ib tug multilayer qauv, feem ntau yog siv. Nws, ua-up, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo: siab noo noo, bio-resistance thiab tsis kam mus lwj.
Cov khoom xws li penoplex feem ntau yog siv los ua kom tsis muaj dej hauv lub hauv paus nrog rwb thaiv tsev. Lub tshuab ntawm nws daim ntawv thov yog heev yooj yim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom no tsis tsuas yog insulates thiab insulates lub hauv paus, nrog rau nws tus tswv ntawm lub tsev yuav tsis nco qab tag nrho txog pwm thiab mildew. Ntau tus neeg feem ntau xav txog seb puas yuav tsum tau muaj dej tsis sib haum thaum insulating lub hauv paus nrog npuas yas. Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias nws tsis xav tau, vim tias cov khoom siv no ua tau zoo kawg nkaus ua haujlwm ntawm ob qho tib si ib zaug. Lwm cov khoom siv bituminous yob - bikrost - tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev rwb thaiv tsev. Nws yog qhov zoo heev thiab kev lag luam.
Technology
Raws li huab cua ntawm thaj chaw tshwj xeeb, ib txoj hauv kev kuj raug xaiv. Muaj ntau yam kev siv dej tsis zoo: kab rov tav, muab rau lub hauv paus sawb, xis mas, txheej txheej, txheej txheem txias thiab kua roj hmab. Lawv txawv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv complexity ntawm kev ua hauj lwm.
Kab rov tav
Yog lub tsev ntiag tug tsis muab rau hauv qab daus, ces txoj kev no feem ntau siv. Hauv qhov no, lub hauv paus yog waterproofed nrog dov cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev no suav hais tias yog kev lag luam zoo heev. Masters yuav tsum ua tib zoo xav txog txhua kauj ruam kom tsis txhob yuam kev, vim nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem kho lawv yav tom ntej. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev, cia li saum toj no qhov muag tsis pom, ib qho khoom siv uas tsis rot. Txheej yuav ua tau siv roj hmab, bitumen los yog cement. Rau kev ruaj ntseg, lub hauv paus yog waterproofed nrog dov cov ntaub ntawv. Nws tuaj yeem yog rubitex lossisruberoid, stekloizol los yog profikorm, hydrostekloizol thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv nplaum rau tus kheej.
kev tiv thaiv kab mob
Insulation thiab waterproofing ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug private lub tsev, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug hauv qab daus, yog txawv me ntsis ntawm cov txheej txheem dhau los. Nyob ntawm cov khoom muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tswv, ntau yam khoom siv tau siv. Feem ntau, complex waterproofing thiab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub sawb foundation yog nqa tawm, muab tag nrho cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov qauv. Ua ntej, qhov saum npoo ntawm lub qhov dej yog kho nrog ob lossis peb txheej ntawm av nplaum: qhov no ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov kua. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom siv vov tsev lossis zaj duab xis yog muab tso rau hauv qab ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus. Thawj cov khoom siv yog siv rau hauv ob txheej thiab smeared nrog bituminous mastic. Ob qho tib si insulating zaj duab xis thiab cov khoom siv vov tsev yuav tsum tau muab tso kom nruj thiab sib tshooj, ua tib zoo tsis txhob tawm qhov khoob.
Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog bricklaying lossis ntxiv cov khoom siv thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Ib txhia kuj ua plastering. Cov dej ntws kuj tseem xav kom tshem tawm cov dej noo ntawm lub tsev kom cov dej hauv lub hauv paus tsis stagnate, tab sis yooj yim ntws los ntawm qhov zawj mus rau hauv qhov dej tshwj xeeb. Kev ua haujlwm sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm lub hauv paus phab ntsa tuaj yeem ua nrog tib cov ntaub ntawv.
txheej txheem txheej
qhov kev xaiv no yog tsim rau lub hauv paus monolithic. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, waterproofing thiab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub hauv paus tsis xav tau txheej ntawm cov pob qij txha, txij li thaum tsuas yog txheej yog tiav, uas tsim.tiv thaiv zaj duab xis. Kev tiv thaiv dej tuaj yeem ua tau nyob rau hauv ib lossis ntau txheej ntawm sab nraud thiab sab hauv ntawm lub tsev. Rau qhov no, kev daws teeb meem ua rau ntawm bitumen-rubber thiab bitumen-polymer bases yog siv. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog siv cov bitumen kub. Txhawm rau kom sov nws, koj xav tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Bituminous mastic yuav ua kom sov thiab ua kua, yog li koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog nws txawm tias qhov kub qis dua. Rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv, cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov organic solvents tsis yog siv rau sab hauv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog zoo dua mus noj ib tug dej-raws li mastic.
YCement waterproofing
Nws yog ib qho kev xaiv thoob ntiaj teb thiab siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv thiab sab nrauv. Cement waterproofing yog zoo tagnrho rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov tsev nrog high humidity, xws li da dej los yog ntxhua khaub ncaws. Ntawm kev muag khoom muaj cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob qhov sib txawv. Qee qhov muaj cov xuab zeb, cement thiab ntau yam additives. Lwm tus yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv elastic, xws li polymers.
Kev tiv thaiv tus kheej thiab kev rwb thaiv tsev
Nws yog qhov ua tau los ua txoj haujlwm no nrog koj txhais tes rau ib tus neeg uas nkag siab yam tsawg kawg hauv kev tsim kho. Txhawm rau ua tiav txoj haujlwm muaj peev xwm thiab ntseeg tau, tus tswv tshiab yuav tsum ua raws li qee yam ntawm kev ua. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau npaj qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus, ntxuav nws ntawm cov plua plav thiab av, tshem tawm txhua yam uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog adhesion ntawm insulating.cov ntaub ntawv hauv paus. Cov ntsiab lus ntse kuj raug tshem tawm hauv cov txheej txheem. Tom qab ntawd lub saum npoo yog kho nrog primer tov. Tom qab nws dries, lub ntsiab insulating tivthaiv yog siv. Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog kev siv cov khoom siv, piv txwv li, linochrome, tom qab ntawd qhov qis dua ntawm cov yob yob yog rhuab nrog lub burner, thaum tseem cua sov lub hauv paus. Lub insulator, maj mam dov tawm, yog nias rau saum npoo.
Insulation Nyob
Qhov no kuj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav. Tom qab tag nrho, kev rwb thaiv tsev muaj ob lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb: kom txo qis lub cev poob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub hauv paus vim khov ntawm cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm nws. Ua tsaug rau nws, microclimate hauv tsev txhim kho thiab nws cov xwm txheej zoo yog khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Qhov yuam kev ntau tshaj plaws
Thawj yog qhov kev xaiv tsis raug ntawm cov khoom. Ntau tus neeg ntseeg tsis raug tias ib qho insulator tuaj yeem siv ib txhij ntawm ob sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm lub tsev, suav nrog cov nyob hauv av. Piv txwv li, kev siv cov khoom siv vov tsev los tiv thaiv lub hauv paus ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab. Ua ntej, lub ru tsev waterproofing tus neeg saib xyuas muaj ib tug qis zog Performance index, dua li, nws tsis yog npaj rau nro thiab yuav tsum tau fastened raws qhov ntev nrog ib tug tej yam margin. Vim li no, los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, thaum cov av hloov mus, ntau yam kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim hauv cov khoom siv.
Ntau tus kws tshaj lij niaj hnub no tawm tsam kev siv cov khoom siv vov tsev lossis bituminous mastic rau waterproofing thiab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub hauv paus. Nyob rau hauv qee txoj kev lawv hais yog lawm, vim ob cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau yuav qhuav tawm ntau tom qab tsib xyoos ntawm kev siv, thiab tom qab kaum xyoo los yog ntau tshaj lawv tuaj yeem pib ya raws.
