Yog tias koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm nrog thaj chaw ntub dej uas koj npaj yuav tsim lub tsev, ces nws yuav tsum tau ua ntej tso dej hauv cheeb tsam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog lub ntiaj teb kev ua haujlwm thiab xaiv cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, tau paub koj tus kheej nrog cov thev naus laus zis uas muab rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov kav dej.
Yog tias muaj dej nyob hauv av, ces tej yam nyuaj yuav tshwm sim uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov teeb meem, koj yuav tsum xub tso tawm cov kua siv lub twj tso kua mis tes. Cov dej hauv av yuav tsum tsis txhob tso tseg, vim tias tsis muaj dej ntws, cov av saum toj yuav raug puas tsuaj.
Ntxhais Ntiv Nplhaib
Lub nplhaib-hom kua dej yog lub kaw lus kaw uas muab cov dej qis qis vim qhov ntws tawm. Cov tsos ntawm cov ntws yuav yog ib tug branched network nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tsob ntoo keeb kwm. Tus nqi ntawm kev txhim kho xws li ib qho system yuav raug nce ntxiv vim qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom siv hauv ntau qhov ntau. Tsis yogcov kav dej lawv tus kheej ua lub luag haujlwm kawg hauv kev nce nyiaj txiag.
Reservoir drainage yog tsim rau thaj chaw uas tsuas yog me ntsis dej nyab. Cov thev naus laus zis no kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau rooj plaub thaum muaj dej tsawg. Hauv qhov no, kev ua haujlwm yuav raug ua los ntawm kev tsim ob txheej, ib pob zeb thiab ob xuab zeb. Ua ke, cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsim ib txheej uas yog permeable heev rau dej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau khawb ib lub trench nrog txoj kab nqes ntawm 3 cm ib 1 m.
Kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv
Ua ntej pib qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm cov kav dej, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom siv. Ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau hais txog:
- rubble;
- sand;
- tais;
- shovel;
- geotextile.
Coarse crushed pob zeb yog tsim rau kev ua hauj lwm, txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv nrog cov nplej nruab nrab kuj siv tau. Nws yuav tsis suav nrog kev nkag mus ntawm cov av thiab cov av loj. Yog tias tsim nyog, pob zeb crushed tuaj yeem hloov nrog pob zeb, nws cov khoom tuaj yeem muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 20 mus rau 40 mm. Xuab zeb yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm tus dej ntug dej. Nws yuav tsum loj thiab yuav siv tau thaum txhim kho cov tais. Txawm tias muaj qhov kub thiab txias, cov xuab zeb yuav khaws nws cov duab, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov kav dej.
Cov tais tuaj yeem yog yas lossis pob zeb. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj av rau hauv trench. Sab saum toj ntawm lub kaw lus yuav tsum tau them nrog cov yas mesh daim hlau, uas yog tsim nyog los lim cov khib nyiab.
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm qhov system
Kev teeb tsa cov kav dej yog siv los ntawm kev ua kom zoo zoo perforated geotextiles. Nws yuav tsis tso cai rau kev sib kis ntawm cov dej ntws nrog av. Geotextiles tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm dornite lossis interlining. Qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog kev lim dej zoo heev thiab lub zog siab.
Ua haujlwm, koj tseem yuav xav tau cov kav dej, uas tuaj yeem tsim los rau cov kav dej. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv polymer. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, nws yuav tsum tau laum qhov nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa rau txoj kev ntawm cov dej. Haum rau kev teeb tsa thiab cov kav dej asbestos-cement, txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm 50 txog 80 hli.
Cov kav dej tuaj yeem txuas nrog cov couplings. Yuav tsum muaj txaus ntawm lawv, yog li tus lej yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ua ntej. Yog tias lub nplhaib yuav raug teeb tsa, ces tees-fittings thiab crosses yuav tsum tau npaj.
txhawm rau ntxuav cov kua dej thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, nws yuav tsim nyog rau nruab manholes. Lub qhov dej sib sau yog muab los sau cov dej los ntawm qhov system. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj teeb meem zoo dua los tso cov kav dej kom cov dej ntws hauv qab lub zog ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, lub twj tso kua mis tau teeb tsa. Kev txhim kho ntawm cov kav dej yog tsim los ntawm kev npaj lub pickaxe, ib lub log tsheb thauj cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb, nrog rau cov shovels thiab bayonet shovels.
Linear System Instructions Instructions
hom dej no yuav sau thiab thauj dej los ntawm cov kwj deg mus rau tus neeg sau. Thaum tsim cov kwj deg, koj yuav tsum muab lawv qhov zoo tshaj plawssau nrog dej nag. Ua li no, ob sab yuav tsum tau inclined, lub kaum sab xis yuav yog 30 °. Thaum txhim kho cov dej hauv qhov qhib, cov kwj deg yuav tsum tau nqes mus rau qhov chaw uas tag nrho cov dej tau sau.
Txawm hais tias kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo li no yuav luv luv, vim tias cov phab ntsa yuav raug rhuav tshem. Txhawm rau zam cov teeb meem zoo li no, thaum tso cov kav dej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xub khawb ib lub trench thiab sau nws nrog rubble. Nws yuav tsum muaj feem loj thiab me me. Los ntawm saum toj no, lub trench yuav npog nrog turf. Koj tuaj yeem txhim kho cov tais hauv kauj ruam tom ntej.
Kev ua haujlwm
Kev txhim kho cov kav dej rau kev tshem tawm cov dej hauv av yog nqa tawm hauv qhov trench. Xuab zeb yog nchuav rau hauv nws nrog ib txheej ntawm 15 cm. Ib txheej ntawm cov pob zeb zoo yog nteg rau saum, ntawm qhov uas cov kav dej yog nteg, npog nrog ib txheej ntawm coarse gravel. Tom ntej no tuaj ib txheej ntawm geotextile, uas yuav tsum muaj kev sib tshooj ntawm cov canvases. Cov txheej tom ntej yuav yog cov xuab zeb ntxhib.
Lub trench yuav tsum yog ib nrab ntim nrog cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, hos lwm ib nrab yuav tsum tau ntim nrog potting mix uas av nplaum ntxiv. Qhov saum npoo yog npog nrog cov av dub. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account theem ntawm cov dej hauv av, vim qhov tob ntawm cov yeeb nkab tso yuav nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas no. Thaum txhim kho cov kav dej nrog geotextiles nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum tau txuas cov khoom siv fittings hauv daim ntawv ntawm tees. Lawv muab tso rau hauv ob txheej uas tsis yog-woven los tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov xuab zeb. Qhov kawg ntawm cov kav dej yuav tsum tau muab qhwvgeotextile thiab txhawb nqa nrog hlau.
Kev piav qhia ntawm cov kua dej yas
Kev txhim kho cov kav dej, cov lus piav qhia uas yuav nthuav tawm hauv qab no, koj tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej. Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog cov khoom yas, ces lawv yuav txawv ntawm qhov muaj zog ntxiv, yog li ntawd lawv tso cai tso rau hauv qhov tob txog li 10 m. Cov kav dej polymer npaj tau ntev li 50 xyoo. Nws yooj yim los txuas rau lawv tus kheej.
Nws yooj yim heev rau kev thauj cov kwj dej, nrog rau mount, thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm, vim tias lawv hnyav hnyav. Rau kev txiav cov kav dej yas, tsis tas yuav siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom siv txiv maj phaub fiber ntau yuav tsum tau siv los tiv thaiv kev txhaws ntawm cov kab ke nrog cov av hais.
Tsev cov kav dej yuav cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cov khoom sib txawv. Qhov feem ntau tsis yog 150 thiab 300 mm. Cov qub yog siv rau cov tshuab uas hloov cov dej me me. Raws li rau txoj kab uas hla loj, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kua dej ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug nce load. Ib qho zoo nkauj dua yog tsim rau cov kab tseem ceeb, thaum ib qho me me yog tsim rau cov ceg ntoo.
Ua ntej koj yuav nruab cov kav dej nrog geotextiles, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom uas tuaj yeem yog ib lossis ob txheej. Qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog qhov ruaj khov dua thiab tsim nyog rau kev teeb tsa hauv cov av hnyav. Ntawm kev muag khoom koj tuaj yeem pom cov dej khov thiab hloov tau yooj yim, tom kawg uas yog tsim los rau kev txhim kho yooj yim.
Lub raj twg xaiv -corrugated los yog du, nrog los yog tsis muaj sheath
Yog tias lub network yuav muaj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv thiab cov ceg ntoo, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov kav dej hloov pauv. Corrugated thiab du kuj muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug loj assortment, lub qub yog ntau ruaj. Cov yeeb nkab tuaj yeem raug kaw. Kev xaiv ntawm ib hom tshwj xeeb yuav nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov av. Yog hais tias cov av yog crushed pob zeb, ces cov kav dej tsis muaj sheath yuav siv tau, tab sis cov kav dej qhwv nrog geotextile yog zoo dua haum rau cov av xuab zeb. Yog tias muaj av nplaum rau ntawm qhov chaw, cov kav dej nrog lub coir lim yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo heev.
Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob yuam kev
Yog tias koj xav txhim kho cov kav dej kom raug, nws tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob ua yuam kev. Piv txwv li, cov kav dej tsis muaj lim tsis haum rau cov av loamy. Nco ntsoov tiv thaiv lawv txoj kev tsis ncaj ncees. Txhawm rau nruab ib lub qhov dej prefabricated, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov chaw. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, dej yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm raws sijhawm.
Nyob hauv kaw
Cov kab dej ntws tawm yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw uas ib lub tsev tau tsim los ntawm cov av uas muaj dej ntau dhau. Thaum tsim cov txheej txheem zoo li no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tsim kom muaj ib lub tswv yim thiab ua cov yeeb nkab tso, coj mus rau hauv tus account thev naus laus zis. Yog tias ua yuam kev thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa, qhov no yuav ua rau cov dej tsis huv los ntawm lub hauv paus, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub kaw lus yuav raug txo.
Cov dej ntws kuj tseem xav tau hauv thaj chaw uas hloov pauv hloov pauv. Yog tias thaj chaw muaj cov toj roob hauv pes lossis thaj chaw tau ua tiav, ces ib qho kev tshem tawm cov dej ntau dhau yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Nws kuj tau npaj yog tias lub tsev nrog lub hauv paus hauv qab tau ua rau ntawm thaj chaw.
