Ntau yog siv los ua tsev thiab ua rooj tog. Nws yog lub teeb yuag, tus nqi qis, thiab yooj yim rau nruab. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov khoom yog ntshai los nag, ultraviolet hluav taws xob, fungus. Koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov qauv nrog kev pab los ntawm ntau tus txhais tau tias: kua roj vanish, pleev xim, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab lwm yam. Cia peb sim xyuas seb yuav npog tsob ntoo li cas thiab yuav ua li cas npaj kom tiav.
Ntog npaj rau opaque txheej
Ua ntej yuav npog cov qauv ntoo nrog cov khoom tiv thaiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los npaj qhov chaw. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws du thiab zoo nkauj. Thaum siv cov opaque txheej, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm leveling thiab smoothing tus qauv tsis tseem ceeb. Nws yuav pleev xim rau thiab tsis muaj leej twg yuav pom lub hauv paus.
Yog li, txhawm rau npaj qhov chaw, ua cov hauv qab no:
- peb ntxuav nws nrog lub phiaj xwm;
- cycle and grind fine-grainedntawv sandpaper;
- priming cov khoom (cov roj hauv ob sab phlu, enamel, kua roj vanish). Txhawm rau kom muaj pes tsawg leeg nkag mus tob rau hauv cov pores, nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov kuab tshuaj rau nws, piv txwv li, Dawb Ntsuj Plig;
- muab tag nrho cov chips, tawg thiab kev nyuaj siab;
- sib tsoo txhua yam nrog ntawv xuab zeb.
Yog xav tau, putty tuaj yeem ua nws tus kheej. Ua li no, sau nrog ib tug primer ib tug nplua-grained hmoov: hmoov, talc, starch, sawdust, thiab lwm yam. Lub resulting loj yuav tsum muaj qhov sib xws ntawm lub khob noom cookie tuab.
Nyob rau saum lub tsho ntshiab
Ua ntej koj npog tsob ntoo nrog pob tshab, koj yuav tsum npaj nws. Koj yuav tsum tau ua cov txheej txheem saum toj no, tab sis koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo ua haujlwm ntau dua. Txhawm rau pib, peb ua kev sib tsoo hauv ob qhov kev hla: rub lub npoo, moisten nws nrog ib daim ntaub (kom tsa lub villi), tos kom qhuav thiab zom dua.
Yog tias muaj qhov tsis xws luag, peb npog lawv nrog putty, uas phim cov xim ntawm tsob ntoo. Peb nqa tawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thaum nws ntub. Yuav kom tau txais cov txheej txheem zoo, koj yuav tsum siv cov grinders tshwj xeeb.
Yog tias muaj qhov pores, rub lub ntsej muag nrog cov sib tov uas koj tuaj yeem ua rau koj tus kheej. Peb muab grated pumice, sau nws nrog cov kua roj vanish thiab siv rau cov khoom. Peb tshem cov tshaj tam sim ntawd, thiab tom qab ziab peb zom nws.
Antiseptics
txhawm rau ua kom lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm cov khoom, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov ntoo. Rau kev ua haujlwm sab nraum zoov thiab kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv, koj yuav xav tau cov khoom sib txawv. Qhov kev xav tau tseem ceeb rau lawv yog kev nyab xeeb.rau kev noj qab haus huv (tshwj xeeb yog thaum kub lossis av noo nce).
Nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, tshuaj tua kab mob rau cov ntoo muab faib ua: dej-soluble, organic-soluble thiab oily. Cov khoom siv dej-soluble tuaj yeem siv tau yog tias qhov chaw tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov dej noo. Hauv lawv cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv hauv qab no yog siv: sodium fluoride thiab silicofluoride, BBK-3 (ib qho sib xyaw ntawm borax thiab boric acid). Kev ua tiav yuav tsum yog cov kua roj vanish lossis lwm yam khoom siv dej tsis zoo.
Soluble compounds tsuas yog siv los ua cov ntoo khaws cia rau sab nraum zoov. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem siv sab hauv tsev vim yog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg (lawv muaj cov tshuaj pentachlorophenol tooj liab naphthenate). Cov khoom nkag mus zoo rau hauv ntoo thiab ntxiv dag zog rau nws cov fibers. Tom qab daim ntawv thov, cov khoom tau txais cov xim ntsuab, thiab nws cov adhesion kuj deteriorates.
Roj tshuaj tua kab mob muaj xws li: thee, anthracene lossis shale roj. Tom qab lawv siv, ntoo darkens, thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb tsw kuj tseem nyob. Tab sis cov txheej txheem kho tsis ntshai ntawm noo noo. txhais tau tias tsuas yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm sab nraum zoov: rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub log cabins, pw tsaug zog.
Nyob zoo cov ntoo khaws cia:
- "Nortex" (ua tau zoo nrog cov kab mob, thiab tiv thaiv cov kab mob ntoo).
- "Senezh" (muab kev tiv thaiv ntau tshaj plaws tiv thaiv pwm, fungus thiab kab).
- "Aquatex" (tiv thaiv pwm, fungus thiab ultraviolet).
- "Tikurilla" (muaj acrylic nrog alkyd, thiab tiv thaiv kab mob, pwm).
paints
Tom qab siv tshuaj tua kab mob, feem ntau yog pleev xim rau saum npoo. Cov xim yuav tsum tau siv los tiv thaiv: ya raws, kab thiab kab mob, tshav ntuj, puas thiab kev puas tsuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua tsaug rau lawv, cov khoom zoo li ntau aesthetically pleasing. Wb sim saib seb cov xim ntoo twg zoo dua.
Nyob ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, lawv yog: acrylic, alkyd thiab roj. Cov xim acrylic yog siv los ua kom tiav cov facades ntawm cov tsev ntoo, thiab xav tau ntau heev. Lawv yog cov zoo rau cov cheeb tsam txias vim lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo heev. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw, ua rau muaj kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov khoom, tso cai rau cov qauv "ua pa", tsis txhob cia dej los ntawm.
Alkyd xim yog xav tau rau lawv tus nqi qis. Lawv muaj lub hauv paus resinous uas tsim cov crust rau ntawm qhov chaw thiab tsis nqus mus rau hauv ntoo. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tiv thaiv cov dej noo thiab tiv taus kub ntawm -30 txog +90 degrees. Cov txheej txheem yuav kav ntev li ntawm 7 xyoo. Tom qab daim ntawv thov, yuav tsum tau ua kom qhuav, txwv tsis pub npuas yuav tshwm.
Cov xim roj yog suav tias yog qhov phem tshaj plaws vim tias lawv muaj cov ntxhiab tsw tsw thiab muaj kuab lom (vim cov roj ziab). Lawv kim vim lawv muaj cov khoom kim heev. Cov xim pleev xim rau xim tsis zoo li zoo nkauj heev, thiab xyaum tsis "ua pa". Yog li ntawd, tom qab ib pliag, nws pib tawg thiab tev tawm. Txhawm rau siv cov xim, koj xav tau ib qho kev npaj zoo kawg nkaus. Cov txheej txheem yuav kav ntev li 5 xyoos.
Thaum xaiv xim, xav txog:
- nkag mus thiab ua haujlwm rau qhov kub thiab txias;
- vapor permeability (yuav pab tiv thaiv kev lwj);
- kev pab cuam lub neej (nws nyob ntawm seb koj yuav tsum rov ua dua txheej txheej ntau npaum li cas);
- ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg (tshwj xeeb yog thaum ua haujlwm hauv tsev);
- elasticity (lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv kev tawg);
- sijhawm ziab;
- hluav taws kub.
muaj hmoo
Hloov xim, koj tuaj yeem ua kua roj vanish, uas yuav cawm koj ntawm rotting thiab nag lossis daus. Nrog kev pab ntawm cov khoom siv, ob qho tib si sab nrauv thiab sab hauv tuaj yeem ua tiav (qhov no yog sau rau ntawm daim ntawv lo). Lawv tuaj yeem npog tus kheej lossis tag nrho lub tsev, piv txwv li, hloov tsev, verandas, arbors ua los ntawm ntoo. Yuav ua li cas cov kua roj vanish npog lawv? Wb sim ua kom pom hauv qab no.
Muaj cov kua roj vanish hauv qab no:
- Alkyd. Nws muaj alkyd resins thiab hnyav. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg dries hauv 72 teev, tab sis koj tuaj yeem ua kom qhuav yog tias koj yuav khoom nrog cov tawv tawv (rubs hauv 24 teev). Alkyd-urethane varnishes qhuav hauv 12 teev.
- Oiled. Muaj cov roj (hauv siab concentration), resins thiab cov kuab tshuaj. Cov cuab yeej hloov qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov khoom los ntawm daj ntseg daj mus rau xim av tsaus. Lub ntsiab drawback yog tias nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev kom qhuav - qee zaum nws yuav siv sij hawm ob peb hnub.
- Nitrolac. Cov khoom muaj xws li colloxylin, resins, plasticizers thiab cov kuab tshuaj. Cov txheej txheem feem ntau yog siv los ua kom tiav cov haujlwm hauv lub tsev. Lawv kuj muaj lub zog zoo, tiv taus dej noo, thiab qhuav sai sai (tsuas yogob peb teev). Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov khoom muaj cov kuab tshuaj lom, yog li nws tsis haum rau cov menyuam yaus chav.
- Acrylic. Nws tsis muaj cov kuab tshuaj organic, yog li nws xyaum tsis hnov tsw. Xws li cov kua roj vanish tuaj yeem siv sab hauv tsev, vim lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg. Lawv yog cov ruaj khov, tsis txhob hloov xim ntawm cov ntoo, tab sis ntshai ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
- Epoxy. Dries sai sai thiab haum rau txhua qhov chaw. Nrog nws, koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm sab nraum zoov thiab sab hauv tsev.
- Polyurethane. Resistant hnav, tsis ntshai ntawm noo noo. Feem ntau siv los ua lub tsho tiv no ntawm cov khoom ntoo (tshwj xeeb yog cov ntoo zoo);
- Yacht. Nws ua ke muaj zog heev, elasticity, hardness, tsis kam mus rau qhov kub thiab txias, ib puag ncig aggressive.
Nplaim taws retardants
Cov hluav taws kub yuav tsum tau siv ua ntej ntoo tiav. Lawv tsim nyog los txo qhov tso tawm ntawm combustible tshuaj, thiab tshem tawm combustion yam tsis muaj qhov chaw. Lawv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv chav sov (tsis yog huab cua resistant) thiab sab nraum zoov (huab cua resistant).
Nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov, cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv:
- varnishes uas tsim cov zaj duab xis nyias ntawm qhov chaw, nws tsis muaj xim, thiab khaws cov kev ntxhib los mos ntawm ntoo;
- paints thiab enamels - lawv tawm hauv nyias opaque zaj duab xis ntawm cov khoom, uas tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv thiab tiv thaiv tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm hluav taws, tab sis kuj los ntawm noo noo;
- pastes thiab coatings - lawv txawv ntawm cov xim nyob rau hauv uas lawv tsim ib tug thicker txheej thiab muaj ntxhib fillers (tsis zoo li aesthetically txaus nyiam);
- impregnation uas tuaj yeem siv rau saum npoo ntawm cov qauv lossis hauv siab (siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb).
kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv thiab sab nrauv kho kom zoo nkauj
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev ua cov khoom ntoo tau piav qhia saum toj no. Cia peb sim seb yuav ua li cas thiab nrog dab tsi los npog tsob ntoo hauv tsev. Rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv cov khoom uas muaj dej, tsis muaj ntxhiab thiab tsis emit toxins. Lawv yuav tsum tiv taus noo noo zoo.
Peb ua cov ntoo raws li hauv qab no:
- siv tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tos kom qhuav;
- siv nplaim retardant impregnation;
- varnish lossis pleev xim rau qhov ntxoov ntxoo uas koj nyiam.
- thaum siv tshuaj tua kab mob, koj yuav tsum ua raws qee cov cai:
- kho thawj qhov chaw cuam tshuam los ntawm fungus, rot lossis kab;
- ua ntej ntxuav thiab degrease cov khoom;
- ua haujlwm ntawm huab cua tsis tshaj 80%;
- npog nrog kev tiv thaiv hluav taws tsuas yog tom qab tshuaj tua kab mob.
- Sab nrauv kho kom zoo nkauj kuj tau ua nyob rau hauv ntau theem:
- nplua nuj;
- daim ntawv thov tshuaj tua kab mob nkag mus tob rau hauv tsob ntoo;
- siv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws;
- coated tiav.
Ib lub tsev ntoo lossis cov khoom yuav tsum tau coated nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob (piv txwv li, ntoo stain). npog li castsob ntoo nrog no muaj pes tsawg leeg? Peb muab txhuam, thiab maj mam txav nws raws cov ntoo fibers. Vertical nto yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua tiav los ntawm hauv qab mus rau hauv qab. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv cov streaks los ntawm soaking nyob rau hauv thiab muab ib tug txawm tiav. Yog li ntawd tsis muaj qhov chaw ntawm nws, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob kov cov cheeb tsam uas twb tau pleev xim lawm. Peb siv thawj txheej ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, qhuav nws, du nrog cov ntawv xuab zeb thiab npog nws nrog txheej thib ob.
Furniture processing
Nws feem ntau tshwm sim tias cov rooj tog qub xav tau kev kho dua tshiab. Raws li rau cov khoom tshiab, thaum ua rau lawv tus kheej, koj yuav tsum xav txog lawv cov kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ya raws, rot, thiab kab. Tag nrho cov no tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog kev pab los ntawm kev tsim tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, cia peb sim xyuas seb yuav npog lub rooj ntoo li cas. Rau kev ua haujlwm koj yuav xav tau: txhuam los yog cov menyuam, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv (lub tshuab ua pa, hnab looj tes, tsom iav), ntawv xuab zeb thiab roj hmab spatula.
Ua raws li hauv qab no:
- Npaj qhov chaw. Peb ntxuav cov txheej qub uas siv tshuaj lom neeg lossis thermal tu;
- Thov primer. Nws txhim kho qhov adhesion ntawm cov xim muaj pes tsawg leeg rau cov khoom;
- Muab tag nrho cov kab nrib pleb thiab tsis xws luag;
- Coated nrog xim lossis kua roj vanish. Kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom yog nyob ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom.
Kev ua laj kab
Cov qauv ntoo uas raug rau saum ntuj thaum kawg tau txais cov xim grey dull. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los npog lawv nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas yuav ua rau lub neej ntev kev pab cuam. Yuav ua li cas npog lub laj kab ntoo? Impregnation yuav tiv thaiv cov qauv ntawm cov kab mob, xim - los ntawm tshav ntujthiab noo noo.
Peb ua haujlwm raws li hauv qab no:
- peb tshem thaj chaw ze ntawm lub laj kab, txiav cov nroj tsuag cuam tshuam;
- tshem tawm cov txheej qub (yog tias muaj), zom nrog cov ntawv xuab zeb,
- kho nrog primer thiab sau tag nrho cov kab nrib pleb nrog putty;
- peb npog lub laj kab nrog tshuaj tua kab mob uas tsis ntshai ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hloov, noo noo, thiab lwm yam.;
- ziab thiab pleev xim los yog kua roj vanish.
Cov roj sib txuas ua ke zoo rau saum npoo, cov tshuaj acrylic yog pheej yig thiab qhuav sai, alkyd compounds yuav tsum tau hloov kho tas li. Yog tias qhov kev xaiv poob rau cov kua roj vanish, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv alkyd (kev nyab xeeb) lossis polyurethane (hnyav heev).
Tsis muaj tsev neeg yuav ua tau yam tsis muaj ntoo. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab yuav ua li cas pleev xim ntoo, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog qhov muaj nyob hauv lub khw thiab nyeem cov lus qhia rau cov khoom sib txawv. Qhov no yuav pab koj xaiv, vim tam sim no muaj ntau cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish rau sab hauv thiab sab nrauv siv.
