Nyob hauv ntau lub tsev, txog niaj hnub no, cov ntoo dub nrog cov duab yooj yim txiav rau hauv lawv tau khaws cia. Ob peb tus tswv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv Soviet no tseem muaj kev ntseeg siab tias lawv muaj cov khoom kos duab hu ua prints. Tsis yog tias lawv tsis yog lawm, txawm hais tias tsis tuaj yeem tham txog kev kos duab tiag tiag ntawm no. Nws tsuas yog tias printmaking yog ib lub tswv yim dav dav dua li nws zoo li ntau. Nkag siab: printmaking - yog dab tsi?
About the meaning of this lo lus
Lo lus "luam" yog lus Lavxias ntawm lo lus coj los rau peb los ntawm Tebchaws Europe, qhov chaw nws tshwm sim hauv 14-15th centuries (hauv Fabkis estampe, nyob rau hauv Italian stampa), thiab tau ncaj qha ntsig txog kev loj hlob typography. Ib qho engraving lossis lwm yam luam tawm los ntawm matrix (cov ntawv luam tawm) rau hauv daim ntawv yog hu ua engraving. Thaum xub thawj, printmaking tsis yog daim duab kos duab rau tus kheej, tab sis tsuas yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tsim cov duab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev, yuav tsum tau mob siab rau thiab kev txawj ntse tshaj plaws los ntawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam. Tab sis txij thaum ntawd los, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev luam ntawv tau hloov kho tas li thiab txhim kho. Nws tau txais kev npaj txhij txog kev dag, coj cov duab tshiab, thiab yog li nws tsis yooj yim los txiav txim siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus. prints nyob rau hauv peblub sij hawm yog lub npe nrov rau ntau daim duab kos duab.
Txog hom luam tawm
Tsim kom nkag siab tias cov txheej txheem luam tawm yog dab tsi, cia peb tig mus rau keeb kwm. Ua ntej daim duab luam tawm ntawm daim ntawv, nws yuav tsum tau kos lossis kos rau ntawm qee yam ntawm lub hauv paus: ntoo, hlau, thiab lwm yam. Thawj engravings pib tshwm rau ntawm ntoo, tom qab tooj liab. Thaum lub sij hawm, lwm yam ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws tshwm sim. Convex thiab recessed engraving - lawv cov technologies txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv dab tsi xim ntawm cov luam tawm recesses ntawm lub matrix board yuav sib haum mus rau. Lithography - pleev xim rau ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus, thiab cov ntawv luam tawm, raws li txoj cai, tsis muaj qhov nyem. Tam sim no, cov ntawv luam tawm, nyob ntawm txoj kev ntawm lawv cov khoom, tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb hom: letterpress thiab gravure printing, flat printing, screen printing. Txhua yam ntawm no, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib ua pawg. Wb tham txog qhov no me ntsis ntxiv.
Print graphics
Graphics hauv Greek yog kos duab. Cov duab tom qab xa mus rau lwm yam khoom yog engraving. Tab sis tsis tas yuav xav txog cov ntawv luam tawm raws li qee cov khoom siv qub qub, antediluvian craftsmanship: hom kev muaj tswv yim no tseem nrov hauv ntau lub teb chaws los txog niaj hnub no. Piv txwv li, hauv Mexico kev sib tw-kev nthuav qhia tsis tu ncua los pab cov neeg uas xav ua tus tswv txoj haujlwm no, uas yog ib txwm muaj nyob hauv lub tebchaws. Tom qab saib cov haujlwm ntawm cov tswv hauv zos, cov lus teb rau lo lus nug: "Printing - nws yog dab tsi?" - yuav suab zoo li no: "Kev luam ntawv yog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov kws kos duab thiab kos duab." Tom qab tag nrhothev naus laus zis ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis tau hloov ntau lub sijhawm ntev. Cov qauv uas xav tau yog siv rau lub rooj tsav xwm tawv tawv nrog cov cutters, tom qab ntawd nws tau them nrog cov ntawv luam ntawv siv cov menyuam. Thiab ces ib daim ntawv yog siv rau lub rooj tsavxwm thiab nias nrog ib tug xovxwm. Koj tuaj yeem ua ntau qhov luam tawm, thiab txhua tus yuav suav tias yog tus thawj.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws
Thiab tseem, rau lo lus nug "Printing, yog dab tsi?" tsis txhob maj teb: "Kraft". Printmaking yog ib qho kev kos duab uas txawm tias cov neeg pleev kob zoo tshaj plaws tsis tau txaj muag ntawm kev ua. Ib hom kev luam ntawv - etching - tau paub, thiab lwm yam, ua tsaug rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm lawv lub sijhawm xws li Rembrandt thiab Goya. Lo lus "etching" (los ntawm Fabkis lo lus eau-forte, dej muaj zog, piv txwv li nitric acid) txhais tau tias yog ib hom engraving ntawm hlau, ib txoj kev uas tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov ntawv luam tawm los ntawm cov ntawv sau ua ntej kho nrog cov kua qaub. Kev kos duab yog ua rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm hlau nrog ib rab koob, tom qab ntawd qhov kev sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov duab cov ntsiab lus yog ntxiv dag zog los ntawm etching cov hlau nrog cov kua qaub. Tom qab ntawd, qhov chaw etched yog sau nrog cov xim thiab ib qho kev xav tau luam tawm ntawm daim ntawv moistened ntawm daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuab tshwj xeeb. Lub tshuab tsis yooj yim, tab sis qhov tshwm sim! Lub ci ntsa iab Albrecht Dürer tau nto moo rau nws cov etchings, tab sis ntau lwm tus paub zoo los yog twb tsis nco qab lawm masters ua haujlwm hauv tib cov txheej txheem.
About silkscreen
Kho rau lo lus nug "Printing, yog dab tsi?" yuav muaj lus teb: "Silkscreen". Silk-screen luam ntawv, lossis kev tshuaj ntsuam luam ntawv, yog ib txoj hauv kev tsim cov ntawv los yog kos duab siv lub phaj luam ntawv stencil, ua tsaug rau qhov uasxim poob rau ntawm cov khoom npaj rau lub hom phiaj no. Txoj kev siv cov duab emulsions yog nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev zoo ib yam li cov txheej txheem ntawm luam ntawv duab. Tam sim no, kev tshuaj ntsuam luam ntawv tshwj xeeb yog nrov, vim nws yog cov thev naus laus zis tshaj plaws. Qhov kev siv ntawm nws yuav luag tsis muaj kev txwv: los ntawm microcircuits mus rau cov ntawv loj loj, los ntawm ib daim ntawv mus rau ntau txhiab daim ntawv luam. Txoj kev tshuaj ntsuam luam ntawv yog siv rau cov ntawv thiab textiles, ceramics thiab cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Silk screen printing yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm ntau yam duab thiab lub hom phiaj: hub, fwj, latex balloons, thiab lwm yam.
Tab sis txhob lo lo ntxhuav-screen luam ntawv tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tswv yim tseem ceeb. Silk screen printing kuj yog ib daim duab zoo nkauj heev uas tau txais koob meej nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem. Txawm tias cov neeg paub zoo xws li Jackson Pollock thiab Fernand Léger, Andy Warhol thiab lwm tus zoo kawg li, tus tswv tsis sib xws tau tig los rau nws. Lawv ua pov thawj tias luam tawm tuaj yeem ua tau zoo!
