Lub tsev thaiv yog cov khoom siv paub txog kev tsim cov qauv rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Lawv txawv ntawm qhov loj me, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, kev tsim khoom, tab sis txhua yam yog xav tau cov khoom siv phab ntsa. Lub tsev blocks yog tsim nyob rau hauv kev lag luam chaw, cov khoom ua vaj tse thiab cinder blocks kuj ua nyob rau hauv tsev, uas yuav tsum tau ib tug ua-nws-koj tus kheej lub tsev thaiv cov nroj tsuag. Raws li cov khoom siv, cov khoom no tau muab faib ua cov hauv qab no:
- cinder concrete;
- paj;
- Sawdust tsev blocks;
- aerated qhob;
- fiber ntau ua npuas ncauj;
- polystyrene pob zeb.
Cinder blocks ua khoom siv hauv tsev
Cinder block yog hais txog cov khoom tsim ua qauv, tsuas yog siv cov pob zeb hnyav thiab cov pob zeb crushed, sib sau ua ke hauv daim ntawv siv slag. Xws li ib qho kev hloov muab cov khoom lightness piv rau cov pob zeb thiab cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv, txij li slag nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm thermal conductivityMuab piv rau qhov hnyav thiab hnyav rubble.
Kev tsim cov cinder blocks muab rau qhov pes tsawg ntawm cov khoom hauv cov tshuaj, uas yog:
- cement hom tsis qis dua 400 lossis 500, nws muab ib feem (lub thoob);
- quarry xuab zeb, tov 3 qhov chaw (thoob);
- slag, hlawv cib, nthuav av nplaum, cov khoom no ntxiv rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 5 qhov chaw (thoob);
- dej.
Kom tau txais cov cinder blocks zoo ib yam li nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas, siv cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm nruab nrab viscous sib xws. Cov kua mortar yuav txo tau lub zog ntawm cov blocks, thiab ib tug tuab yuav tsim uncontrolled voids nyob rau hauv thaum solidified.
pob zeb thaiv
Lub tsev thaiv ua los ntawm cov cement, xuab zeb thiab gravel yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm phab ntsa thiab lwm yam, yog tias yuav tsum tau muaj zog ntxiv. Qhov sib piv ntawm cov khoom siv rau cov qauv ua vaj tse yog coj los ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 3: 6, lwm yam kev sib xyaw ua ke tau piav qhia hauv tus tsim phau ntawv thiab nyob ntawm seb qib cement siv, sib sau loj thiab hom xuab zeb.
Tshuaj sawdust blocks
Rau kev tsim vaj tsev nyob, dachas, tsev, lub teeb thiab cov khoom siv phab ntsa sov yog siv los ntawm sawdust, xuab zeb thiab dej. Lub binder nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj yog txiv qaub. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom ntxiv rau cov tshuaj hloov pauv cov khoom ntawm cov khoom kawg. Kev nce hauv huab hwm coj ntawm sawdust ua rau muaj kev nce hauv thermal rwb thaiv tsev, tab sis ua rau txo qis zog. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm cov xuab zeb nyob rau hauv cov kev daws, ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv lub zog tshwm sim, thaum lub Frost tsis kam txwv nce, uas nce.kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv. Blocks tau dav siv hauv kev tsim vaj tsev ntiag tug li cladding rau rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov qauv.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov blocks yog cov khoom siv thiab tus nqi qis, lub neej ua haujlwm ntev yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg ntawm cov khoom, yooj yim ntawm kev tsim khoom. Ib qho ua-nws-koj tus kheej lub tsev thaiv cov nroj tsuag yog muaj los tsim thiab yog nrov ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev. Sawdust pob zeb muaj lub sij hawm ziab kom qhuav, yog li ob peb lub qhov tau tsim hauv cov khoom los txhim kho huab cua txaus.
Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm sawdust blocks tsis nruj tswj hwm, lawv qhov dav yog coj los ua ntau yam ntawm phab ntsa tuab. Yog tias peb tham txog qhov ntau thiab tsawg, ces cov blocks yog ua raws li ob lub thickness ntawm cib (140 mm - 65x2 + 10 cm). Hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb sawdust, cov khoom xyaw qhuav yog thawj zaug sib xyaw, tom qab ntawd dej ntxiv, cov tshuaj khib nyiab siv rau kev ua haujlwm.
Aerated concrete building blocks
Lawv kev npaj muaj cov txheej txheem nyuaj ntawm saturating cov tshuaj nrog cov pa roj, uas nyuaj rau kev tsim tawm hauv tsev. Aerated qhob tsev blocks yog txawv los ntawm lightness, siab soundproofing, tshav kub-insulating zog.
cov khoom siv fiber ntau rau masonry
Fiber ua npuas ncauj yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj cov xuab zeb, ua npuas ncauj thiab cov cement. High-tech lub tsev thaiv cov cav tov tshuaj tsuag ua npuas ncauj rau hauv cov mortar loj, nws ua cov ntaub ntawv kaw ntom ntiqhov chaw. Txhawm rau kom muaj zog ntawm cov blocks, cov tuam txhab siv cov khoom siv polyamide fiber ntau ntxiv thoob plaws hauv pawg. Cov khoom siv phab ntsa no zoo heev, tsis rot, yog lub teeb thiab ruaj khov.
Blocks ntawm lawv cov fiber ntau ua npuas ncauj yog tsim nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Rau cov phab ntsa load-bearing, ib qho thaiv qhov loj ntawm 20x30x60 cm yog siv, uas hnyav 22 kg. Yuav kom tsim tau ib lub cib ntsa ntawm tib qhov loj, 18 pob zeb yuav tsum tau, lawv yuav hnyav 72 kg. Blocks ntawm me thickness (10 cm) yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm phab ntsa hauv lub tsev, partitions, lawv yog siv los insulate qab nthab thiab phab ntsa. Lub thermal conductivity ntawm fiber ntau ua npuas ncauj yog 2.7 npaug tsawg dua li ntawm cib thiab 2 zaug tsawg dua li ntawm cinder pob zeb thiab plhaub pob zeb.
Qhov loj thaiv qhov ntau thiab tsawg txo kev siv cov cement-sand mortar rau masonry los ntawm 20 npaug piv rau kev tsim cov phab ntsa ntawm cov pob zeb me me. Fiber ua npuas ncauj pob zeb tsis hlawv, tsis hloov cov duab thaum raug kub thiab tsis emit tsim teeb meem impurities thaum rhuab.
Polystyrene qhob blocks
Cov khoom siv yog nyob rau tom ntej ntau yam ntawm cov phab ntsa sib sib zog nqus pob zeb. Nws txawv ntawm cov qauv pob zeb hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo dua thiab txo cov nqi tsim khoom. Cov khoom siv phab ntsa tshiab tshaj txhua yam uas paub txog lub teeb yuag ntawm qhov hnyav, txawm tias ua npuas ncauj yog ib thiab ib nrab zaug hnyav dua li nws. Ua tsaug rau qhov ntsuas no, cov tsev tau tsim ua yam tsis muaj lub hauv paus loj li niaj zaus, thiab tus nqi thauj khoom raug txo.
Kev tsim cov polystyrene ua npuas ncauj thaiv yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo sib xyaw ntawm cov cement, xuab zeb,nthuav polystyrene hais thiab tshwj xeeb additives kom khaws cov huab cua nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov loj. Tag nrho lwm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev ntawm cov khoom muab tso rau nws ib kauj ruam saum toj no cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm. Kev nqus dej tsawg thiab vapor permeability ua kom nthuav dav polystyrene pob zeb tiv thaiv kom rov ua kom khov thiab thawing, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov qauv tsim. Tom qab kev tsim kho ntawm phab ntsa los ntawm cov khoom siv txheem, me ntsis shrinkage tshwm sim thaum lub xyoo. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm Styrofoam blocks, lub sijhawm no tsis xav tau.
DIY lub tsev thaiv tshuab
Rau kev tsim cov qauv hauv tsev, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb yog siv los ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev vibration processor.
Lub tshuab vibrating lossis lub rooj vibrating yog tsim los ntawm nws tus kheej. Kev teeb tsa ua-nws-koj tus kheej rau kev tsim cov tsev thaiv kom txo tau tus nqi ntawm cov blocks, feem, thiab cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev.
Npaj cov tshuaj
Cov tshuaj yog npaj los ntawm cov xuab zeb, cement, dej thiab aggregate, uas yog siv los ua ntau yam ntaub ntawv, raws li tau piav saum toj no. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj rau fluidity, ib qho me me yog muab pov rau hauv av. Kev sib tov zoo tsis sib kis hauv cov kwj deg dej; thaum clenched hauv lub nrig, nws lo ua ke rau hauv ib pob.
Kev tsim cov cinder blocks cuam tshuam nrog kev tu kom zoo ntawm slag los ntawm cov khib nyiab txawv teb chaws, nws tsis raug tso cai kom tau cov chips, cov khoom tsis raug hlawv ntawm cov thee rau hauv cov tshuaj. Qee zaum gypsum ntxiv rau cov tshuaj. Hauv qhov no, peb feem ntawm slag thiab ib feem ntawm gypsum yog tov,dej ntxiv rau tib lub sijhawm. Cov tshuaj khib no tau siv sai sai thaum lub plaster hardens hauv feeb. Pre-slag ua ntej kneading yog soaked nrog dej. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom zoo ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv niaj hnub plasticizer tau ntxiv rau cov tshuaj. Lawv qhov kev txiav txim ua kom cov Frost tsis kam, dej tsis kam thiab lub zog txhua yam ntawm cov blocks.
Nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj, ob hom kev ua vaj tse yog ua - khoom thiab hollow. Cov qub yog siv rau kev tsim cov khoom siv, cov phab ntsa load-bearing, foundations. Qhov thib ob ntawm cov blocks yog siv los ua cov khoom sib faib, nws zoo cais lub tsev lub hnab ntawv los ntawm cov suab txias thiab extraneous.
Kev tsim cov pob zeb tsis muaj lub rooj vibrating
Ntawm ob lub thev naus laus zis, kev siv cov pwm ntoo, uas yog tsim los nthuav cov mortar ib txwm tsis muaj kev vibration, yog qhov xav tau ntau ntxiv. Qhov kev tso kawm ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv npaj yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ob peb theem. Ua ntej, lub thawv ntim nrog ib feem peb ntawm cov tshuaj, tom qab uas cov phab ntsa ntawm cov pwm yog ua tib zoo tapping nyob ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter nrog ib tug rauj rau high-zoo shrinkage ntawm cov pob zeb tov. Nyob rau hauv ob theem tom ntej no, cov tshuaj yog poured raws li tus thawj technology kom txog rau thaum cov pwm puv. Kev tsim cov tsev thaiv nrog cov voids suav nrog cov txheej txheem thaum ob lub raj mis dej tso rau hauv cov khib nyiab uas tsis tau kho, uas, tom qab teeb tsa, tshem tawm.
Daim ntawv tso tseg 2-5 hnub kom qhuav. Tom qab ntawd cov blocks yog ua tib zoo tshem tawm los ntawm cov qauv collapsible thiab nteg tawm ntawm pallets kom txog thaum qhuav tag. Tshuab rau cinder blocks nrog qhov noTxoj kev tsim khoom tsis tas yuav yuav.
Cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv uas koj yuav xav tau: ib lub sieve rau sifting xuab zeb, pwm rau mortar, ib lub trough rau kneading los yog ib tug qhob tov khoom, ib tug rauj rau tapping, ib tug thoob, shovel, trowel, ziab tais.
Vibrating thaiv txoj kev ua
Rau qhov no, lub tshuab vibrating rau cinder blocks yog yuav los yog tsim tawm ntawm nws tus kheej. Ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlau yog ntsia rau ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm lub tshuab, thiab cov pob zeb sib xyaw nrog slag aggregate yog nchuav rau hauv nws los ntawm ib feem peb. Tom qab ntawd, lub rooj vibrating txuas nrog rau qhov kev txiav txim txog li 20 vib nas this, uas tso cai rau koj tshem tawm tag nrho cov pa npuas uas tsis tsim nyog los ntawm kev daws, thiab cov cement yuav tau txais zoo shrinkage. Cov tshuaj yog nchuav rau hauv pwm peb zaug. Blocks raug tshem tawm ntawm cov pwm tib yam li hauv txoj kev tsim khoom tsis muaj kev vibration.
Lub cinder thaiv tsis zam dhau qhov kub ntawm huab cua hauv qhov qhib lub hnub, yog li hnub kub nws yog nchuav nrog dej thiab npog nrog oilcloth los yog cellophane kom noo noo tsis evaporate thiaj li nquag. Tsim, tag nrho cov pob zeb qhuav qhuav tau 100% lub zog ntawm 28th hnub, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tau npaj siv rau hauv kev tsim kho.
Txoj kev tsim cov cinder blocks
Cov ntaub ntawv yog tsim los ntawm nws tus kheej, siv hlau lossis ntoo rau qhov no, cov laug cam siv tsawg kawg yog 190-200 mm dav. Lawv tau muab tso ua ke rau hauv cov qauv prefabricated, sab ntawm cov khoom uas tau muab tshem tawm kom tshem tawm cov block tiav. Lub zuag qhia tag nrho tsim combines tsisntau tshaj 6 lub hlwb rau kev tso pob zeb. Cov qauv tiav yog ntsia rau ntawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo, xws li cov ntaub ntawv roj, uas ua rau hauv qab ntawm pwm.
Yog tias ntoo raug xaiv los ua cov khoom siv rau pwm, tom qab ntawd nws yog pre-kho nrog impregnations los yog primers kom noo noo kuj. Cov ntawv yog tsim los ntawm cov ntoo qhuav. Cov xwm txheej no tau ntsib, txwv tsis pub, hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tsob ntoo yuav coj mus deb ntawm cov dej, thiab qhov geometric loj ntawm lub block yuav hloov. Cov pob zeb txheem qhov ntau thiab tsawg yog 400x200x200 mm, tab sis txhua tus neeg tsim khoom ntiag tug ua blocks rau nws tus kheej tsim.
Rau cov hlau matrices, cov nplooj ntawv nrog lub thickness tsis pub tshaj 3-4 hli yog muab. Thaum welding tus qauv, tag nrho cov welds yog tsim los ntawm sab nraud thiaj li tsis mus puag ncig lub ces kaum ntawm lub block. Cov voids nyob rau hauv lub cinder thaiv yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau kav ntawm ib tug haum txoj kab uas hla, piv txwv li 80 mm. Lawv tswj qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kav dej thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm phab ntsa, muaj pes tsawg leeg yog welded nrog strips rau rigidity thiab fixation.
Yog tias cov cuab yeej siv rau kev tsim cov tsev thaiv, ces thaum txuas lub vibrator rau lub rooj, tom qab nruj cov txiv ntseej, lawv tseem maj mam welded los ntawm vuam. Lub cev muaj zog yuav tsum raug kaw nrog cov ntaub thaiv npog uas ua los ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm kev sib tsoo, dej, plua plav.
Sawdust pob zeb thaiv kev tsim khoom siv tshuab
Cov ntaub ntawv muaj tsis tau ua ntej, tab sis koj tuaj yeem yuav lawv ntawm txhua lub khw muag khoom, yog li lawv pib ua blocks ntawm xuab zeb, txiv qaub thiab sawdust tam sim ntawd tom qab yuav khoom. Txhawm rau sib tov cov tshuaj, siv lub pob zeb sib tov los yogmortar tov khoom, vim manually tov ntoo khib nyiab yog nyuaj.
Qhuav sawdust, dhau los ntawm lub sieve loj, sib xyaw nrog xuab zeb thiab cement. Txiv qaub los yog av nplaum ua khob noom cookie yog ntxiv rau cov tshuaj. Lub resulting sib tov yog zoo tov thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd dej ntxiv, maj mam pouring nws nyob rau hauv me me feem. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov kev npaj ntawm cov tshuaj, nws yog nyem rau ntawm tes, tom qab ntawd cov ntiv tes yuav tsum nyob twj ywm ntawm lub pob, uas qhia qhov tseeb proportions.
Ua ntej sau cov pwm nrog tshuaj khib, lawv tau ua kab nrog ib txheej nyias ntawm sawdust. Internal qhov nyob rau hauv cov blocks yog tsim los ntawm cov ntoo plugs txog 70-80 mm nyob rau hauv loj, uas yog ntsia rau hauv lub matrix ua ntej pouring lub mortar. Cov khoom ntawm lub tsev blocks yog nruj nreem ntim rau hauv pwm siv ib tug tshwj xeeb rammer. Lub thawv ntim rau saum thiab sab laug kom qhuav rau peb hnub. Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm lub sijhawm no, qhov kev daws teeb meem nce txog 40% ntawm lub zog tau sau tseg.
Cov pwm raug tshem tawm, thiab cov blocks tau qhuav rau plaub hnub ntxiv, tom qab ntawd lub zog dhau los ua 70% ntawm kev txwv. Cov khoom tiav raug xa mus rau pallets thiab them los ntawm lub hnub ncaj qha. Kev ziab ntawm cov blocks sai dua yog tias qhov khoob khoob ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sij hawm cia. Nws raug nquahu kom muab cov pallets tso rau hauv cov cua ntsawj ntshab lossis siv lub kiv cua kom yuam cov cua.
Sawdust qhob blocks nce 100% lub zog tom qab ziab rau 3 lub hlis, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem siv tom qab ib hlis ntawm cua. Lub sijhawm no, lawv lub zog yog 90%.
tshuab thiab khoom siv
Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum tau uarau kev tsim kho ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov blocks, lawv yuav lub tshuab vibroforming npaj txhij. TL-105 hom yog qhov txawv ntawm kev ua tau zoo. Thiab txawm hais tias nws lub zog tsuas yog 0.55 kW, nws tsim txog 150 pob zeb ua ke nrog cov sib txawv sib txawv hauv ib teev. Nws kwv yees tus nqi ntawm kev ua lag luam yog kwv yees li 42,800 rubles. Cov cuab yeej siv tshuab niaj hnub no tsim ntau yam ntawm cov tshuab thaiv nrog cov yam ntxwv ntxiv. Tus nqi rau cov cav tov txawv, thiab tus nqi ntawm lub tsev thaiv ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov no.
Rau kev tsim kho me me, 1IKS vibrating tshuab tsim nyog, nws raug nqi li 17,000 rubles, nws lub zog tsuas yog 0.15 kW, nws tsim 30 blocks ntawm cov khoom siv ib teev twg. Thaum muas lub tshuab, coj mus rau hauv tus account theem ntawm kev tsim cov blocks rau cov kev xav tau ntawm kev tsim kho.
Nyob rau hauv xaus, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ua lub tsev blocks nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes yuav txuag tau nyiaj ntau ntawm cov khoom. Tus nqi nqi tsis suav nrog cov nyiaj them rau tus neeg ua haujlwm. Nyiaj siv ua haujlwm thiab cov nqi tsim khoom, cov se thiab lwm yam kev txiav tawm tsis tau ntxiv rau tus nqi ntawm qhov thaiv, yog li ua rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev pheej yig dua ib lub tsev.
