Turkmen ntaub pua plag: txheej txheem cej luam, hom, ntau lawm thiab tshuaj xyuas

Cov txheej txheem:

Turkmen ntaub pua plag: txheej txheem cej luam, hom, ntau lawm thiab tshuaj xyuas
Turkmen ntaub pua plag: txheej txheem cej luam, hom, ntau lawm thiab tshuaj xyuas

Video: Turkmen ntaub pua plag: txheej txheem cej luam, hom, ntau lawm thiab tshuaj xyuas

Video: Turkmen ntaub pua plag: txheej txheem cej luam, hom, ntau lawm thiab tshuaj xyuas
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Anonim

Txij li thaum ub, cov ntaub pua plag xuas tes ua tseem ceeb heev hauv Turkmen lub neej. Cov khoom no "sib koom" thov Vajtswv, muab solemnity rau tsev neeg sib sau ua ke, hloov lub hauv siab ntawm drawers. Turkmen cov ntaub pua plag tau siv los thaiv lub tsev, tib lub sijhawm ua lawv cov khoom kho kom zoo nkauj.

Turkmen ntaub pua plag
Turkmen ntaub pua plag

Neeg muaj nuj nqis

Hauv Turkmenistan, cov khoom no yog cov khoom muaj nqis hauv tebchaws tiag tiag. Turkmen cov ntaub pua tsev xuas tes ua yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab cov khoom siv ntawm kab lis kev cai. Cov ntsiab lus siv hauv kev tsim cov ntaub pua plag yog rov ua dua hauv cov cim hauv tebchaws. Cov tswv yim zoo sib xws tau raug siv los tsim lub teb chaws tus kws kos duab kos duab.

Turkmen cov ntaub pua plag yog lub embodiment ntawm tus ntsuj plig, kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab ntawm tib neeg. Yog vim li ntawd lub teb chaws thiaj li tseem ceeb rau cov khoom no. Cov ntaub pua plag ornament muaj peev xwm qhia tsis tau tsuas yog hais txog thaj av uas nws tau tsim, tab sis kuj hais txog dab tsi tshwj xeeb tus tswv tau ua. Rau cov neeg tsis tau pib, cov ntaub pua plag yuav qhia txog kev lis kev cai, cov cim ntawm cov neeg, txog cov neeg nyob hauv thaj av thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm Turkmenistan. Tej ntaub pua tsev, nyob qhov twgtsim, muaj nws tus kheej "tus ntsuj plig", nws "lub ntsej muag" txawv ntawm lwm tus.

Txawm niaj hnub no, cov ntaub pua plag zoo ntxiv rau kev tsim lub tsev, muab kev nplij siab. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom hais txog kev vam meej ntawm tsev neeg. Thaum tshav kub kub-insulating zog tso cai rau koj txuag ntawm cua sov.

Tsim cov ntaub pua plag hauv ntau lub tebchaws, tab sis Turkmenistan tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm ob peb qhov khoom siv tes ua no tau nto moo thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Cov ntaub pua plag Turkmen, tus nqi uas yog siab heev (kwv yees li 100 txhiab rubles), yog hom thoob ntiaj teb. Cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab rau cov khoom, thiab lawv yeej khoom plig ntawm ntau qhov kev nthuav qhia.

Turkmen xuas tes ua ntaub pua plag
Turkmen xuas tes ua ntaub pua plag

History

Nws feem ntau lees txais tias cov khoom siv ntawm cov ntaub pua plag rov ua cov qauv ntawm cov ceramics hnub tim 4 xyoo txhiab BC. Cov ntaub pua plag qub tshaj plaws uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 5 BC. e. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim nws txoj hauv kev rau Pazyr kab lis kev cai. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom no tau raug xa tawm mus rau lwm lub tebchaws, qhov chaw lawv hu ua Parthian, Bukhara thiab Persian.

Nyob rau thaum ub, Turkmen cov ntaub pua plag tau tsim rau ntau yam kev xav tau hauv tsev. Lawv tau siv los ua rwb thaiv tsev hauv yurts, qhov rooj curtains, hnab.

Thawj cov ntaub pua plag yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub plaub dawb huv, lawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov qauv geometric, uas txawv me ntsis hauv cov pab pawg sib txawv. Cov ntaub pua plag zoo yog lub cim ntawm kev nplua nuj thiab lub zog.

Turkmen cov ntaub pua tsev xuas tes ua, tus nqi uas siab kawg, tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, suav nrog cov huab tais. Tom qab ntawv pov thawjkev thov rau cov khoom. Thawj qhov kev hais tawm no tau rov qab mus rau 900s. Cov neeg ncig ntiaj teb nto moo Marco Polo tau hais txog cov ntaub pua plag, hais tias cov ntaub pua plag zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj dua yog qhov nyuaj nrhiav.

Nyob rau xyoo pua 19th, Turkmen cov ntaub pua plag tau pib xa mus rau kev nthuav qhia hauv Asmeskas, Russia thiab European lub tebchaws. Connoisseurs of contemporary art txaus siab rau cov piv txwv no.

Nyob ntev, lub koob meej ntawm Turkmen cov ntaub pua plag tau nthuav dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb, qhov chaw lawv muaj nuj nqis rau niaj hnub no.

Turkmen ntaub pua plag nqi
Turkmen ntaub pua plag nqi

Views

Nyob hauv ntau lub teb chaws cov khoom no hu ua Bukhara. Qhov no tshwm sim vim lawv tau muab faib rau hauv cov khw muag khoom ntawm Bukhara.

Cov khaub ncaws ua hauv thaj chaw loj heev uas cov Turkmen nyob yog hu ua Turkmen cov ntaub pua plag. Cov cheeb tsam no suav nrog Turkmenistan, Balochistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan. Hnub no, pab pawg no suav nrog tekke, tekin, salor, yomut thiab lwm yam.

  • Tekke. Lub npe no yog muab los ntawm ib haiv neeg - Tekke. Cov ntaub pua plag Turkmen Teke yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nthuav dav - gel muab faib ua plaub ntu.
  • Yomut. Cov ntaub pua plag no yog tsim los ntawm pab pawg neeg nrog lub npe no. Nyob rau hauv pab pawg no, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ornaments sib txawv thiab yeej yog tau. Ib hom yog kab pheeb ces kaum ntawm cov yeeb yuj octagons. Latches thiab hooks tau piav qhia ntawm ciam teb. Ntawm qhov thib ob ntau yam, cov octagons tau teeb tsa vertically, tsiaj nrog ob lub taub hau tau sau rau hauv lawv.
  • Xav. Ua los ntawm pawg Salor. Cov haiv neeg no yog qhov qub tshaj plaws hauv Turkmenistan. Qhov no stylecharacterized los ntawm kev faib cov medallion rau hauv 4 qhov chaw. Tsiaj figurines nyob ntawm txhua ntu ntawm lub medallion.
  • Ersari. Raws li nws yooj yim to taub, pawg neeg Ersari tsim lawv. Lub teb chaws no tsis tau tsim nws tus kheej qauv, yog li medallions tsis pom ntawm lawv cov ntaub pua plag. Lub ornament muaj cov paj thiab cov duab kos los ntawm lwm haiv neeg.

Ntxiv rau cov khoom qub, ntawm no koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov khoom lag luam nrog cov duab lossis ntau yam kev kawm. Cov ntaub pua tsev tshwj xeeb yog tsim rau kev thov Vajtswv.

Turkmen xuas tes ua ntaub pua plag nqi
Turkmen xuas tes ua ntaub pua plag nqi

khoom

Feem ntau rau kev tsim cov ntaub pua plag siv cov yaj ntawm cov yaj zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub plaub yog txiav txim los ntawm nws cov xim, uniformity, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau dyeing kom raug. Qee zaum txhob lo lo ntxhuav lossis paj rwb yog siv los ua lub hauv paus.

Nyob

Qhov feem ntau siv asymmetric Persian pob caus, tab sis qee lub tebchaws siv cov lus Turkish symmetrical knot. Turkmen cov ntaub pua plag yog qhov txawv ntawm lwm cov ntaub los ntawm cov qauv rov ua dua thiab cov kab txaij ntawm cov qauv zoo nkauj ntawm sab kawg.

Turkmen Tekin ntaub pua plag
Turkmen Tekin ntaub pua plag

xim

Hauv kev tsim cov ntaub pua plag feem ntau, cov xov burgundy tau siv, uas ua rau tom qab. Hauv kev tsim ntawm ornament, dub, txiv kab ntxwv, ntsuab thiab xiav tones nyiam dua. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov xov dub, uas yog lub cim ntawm lub caij ntawm dej, ornaments yog framed.

Dyes

Txog xyoo pua 19th, cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau nruj tau siv, tab sis nyob rau xyoo pua xeem lawv tau hloov los ntawm cov tshuaj pheej yig dua. Txawm hais tias lawv muaj koob meej, qhov no ua rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov zoo.ntaub pua plag. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nce qib ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tau ua kom tau txais cov dyes niaj hnub uas ze li sai tau rau cov ntuj tsim. Tam sim no, tshuaj dyes feem ntau siv.

Turkmen xuas tes ua ntaub pua plag
Turkmen xuas tes ua ntaub pua plag

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.

Cov neeg thuam kev kos duab paub tseeb tias cov ntaub pua plag ua rau tag nrho keeb kwm ntawm lub tebchaws. Txhua lub cim muaj nws lub ntsiab lus, thiab gel yog ib pob paj ntawm cov cim. Ib pawg neeg twg tau tsim lawv tus kheej gel.

Turkmen cov ntaub pua tsev xuas tes ua tseem khaws cov keeb kwm thiab kev ntseeg kev ntseeg uas muaj nyob hauv lub tebchaws.

Cov neeg ntawm Turkmenistan tau koom nrog cov ntaub pua plag rau ntau tshaj li ib txhiab xyoo, uas tsis tuaj yeem tab sis tso ib qho cim rau ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm nws cov neeg sawv cev. Kev tsim cov ntaub pua plag siv sijhawm ntau, yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib thiab ua siab ntev. Txawm hais tias qhov zoo li monotonous, kev xav tau thiab kev nco zoo heev yuav tsum ua rau lawv. Txawm hais tias cov duab kev cai dab qhuas vov ntaub pua plag, raws li tus txheej txheem qhia ua siab ntev thiab ua kom lub siab tawv, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub neej tom qab.

Txhua daim yog tsim nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo kawg. Lub colossal industriousness ntawm cov neeg muab lub teb chaws nrog ib tug golden hnub nyoog. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj hais tias txhua txhua hnub nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau hla ntau txhiab txhiab lub sij hawm nrog ib tug hnyav hlau zuag, muab ntaub plaub thiab xov nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim. Tsis yog txhua tus txiv neej muaj zog tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo li no, thiab hauv Turkmenistan qhov no yog ntau tus poj niam. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua haujlwm, cov poj niam muab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev xav, kev cia siab, thiab cov tswv yim rau hauv cov ntaub pua plag. Yog tias peb txhais cov nqi zog siv los tsim cov ntaub pua plag rau hauv chav, cesnws hloov tawm tias txhua yam khoom yog tsim los ntawm lub zog ntawm peb puas nees. Nws siv zog npaum li cas los teeb lub nroog me rau 8 teev.

Reviews

Txawm hais tias niaj hnub no cov neeg siv khoom sim tsis txhob tso cov ntaub pua plag hauv lawv lub tsev, nws yog Turkmen cov ntaub pua plag uas tseem yog lub cim ntawm kev nplij siab, kev vam meej thiab saj zoo. Txawm tias tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub pua plag, txawm tias niaj hnub no lawv muaj ntau tus kiv cua. Cov neeg no qhuas cov qauv txawv txawv thiab cov khoom zoo heev. Lawv tau npaj them nyiaj loj rau kev tsim tshwj xeeb ntawm tib neeg txhais tes. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas, cov khoom no yog cov tswv yim, zoo nkauj thiab muaj kev hnav tsis kam.

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