Hom nrov tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm lub hauv paus yog kev tsim daim kab xev. Rau kev tsim cov tsev me me ib-zaj dab neeg, ib lub hauv paus yooj yim strip yog txaus, tab sis rau cov tsev ntawm ntau zaj dab neeg, yuav tsum muaj kev npaj ntawm lub hauv paus recessed.
Kev tsim lub hauv paus poob rau hauv av tsis yog qhov tseeb ntawm nws tus kheej hauv txhua kis. Yog tias cov qauv no tau nruab rau cov tsev qis qis, tsuas yog ib feem peb ntawm cov npoo kev nyab xeeb yuav raug siv. Nws raug nquahu kom tsim cov tshuab faus tsuas yog rau cov tsev hnyav, thiab yog tias thaj chaw muaj av nyuaj.
xaiv khoom
Ua ntej koj tsim lub hauv paus faus, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv. Cov no tej zaum yuav lojpob zeb los ntawm lub hauv paus txhim khu kev qha tshaj plaws tau txais. Reinforced qhob yog ib yam khoom pheej yig, tab sis nws yog kiag li tsis haum rau lub teeb xuab zeb thiab pob zeb av, raws li cov qauv yuav tawg.
Cib sawb lub hauv paus tsuas yog tsim rau cov vaj tse ncej. Tab sis lub cib tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv qhov tob tob xwb. Yog tias cov dej hauv av siab ntawm thaj chaw, xws li lub hauv paus yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Kev daws teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb yog lub hauv paus sawb ua los ntawm FBS. Txhua lub tsev ib-zaj tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm cov blocks.
Lub hauv paus pob zeb yog suav tias yog cov khoom pheej yig tshaj plaws thiab ruaj khov tshaj plaws. Nws tso cai rau koj los tsim cov tsev sib txawv. Ib qho ntawm cov kev cai tseem ceeb thaum siv cov cuab yeej no yog kev xaiv cov khoom sib xyaw. Ntawm lwm yam, koj kuj yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog ntxiv.
Txoj kev xaiv hom pob zeb
Recessed strip foundation tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm pob zeb. Yuav kom kev tsim kho kom zoo, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov sib xyaw kom haum, uas qhov ntev thiab lub zog ntawm lub tsev yuav nyob ntawm. Lub hom phiaj yuav tsum raug xaiv los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsev, qhov cuab lub zog siv thiab cov khoom ntawm cov av.
Rau cov qauv ntoo me me lossis cov tsev raws li cov ntoo, M200 qib pob zeb tsim nyog. Yog tias nws tau npaj los tsim lub tsev hnyav dua thiab bulkier, nws raug nquahu kom siv pob zeb qib M250 lossis M300. Rau lub tsev lojM350 qib pob zeb yuav tsum tau siv.
Kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub hauv paus no kuj nyob ntawm cov av. Yog tias cov av ntom ntom, ces M200 lossis M250 hom yuav txaus. Tab sis rau heaving av, thiaj li yuav ua kom txaus Frost tsis kam ntawm lub hauv paus, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhob qib M300 los yog siab dua.
Av xav tau
Recessed strip foundation tuaj yeem txhim kho rau qee hom av. Cov kev xaiv tsim nyog tshaj plaws yog:
- pob zeb;
- clay;
- loamy av;
- sandy av;
- loj yas;
- stable av.
Cov av yuav tsum tsis tawg. Qhov no qhia tias kev ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem ua rau pob zeb lossis xuab zeb. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho. Qhov chaw smoother, qhov kev siv zog tsawg thiab nyiaj yuav tsum tau.
Npaj ua haujlwm
Ua ntej koj pib tsim lub hauv paus tob tob, koj yuav tsum npaj. Ua ntej, kev teeb tsa ntawm lub hauv paus yog nqa tawm, uas yuav tiv thaiv cov teeb meem thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tso siab rau kev tsim qauv ntawm lub koom haum tsim kho. Lub hauv paus phiaj xwm yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau qhov chaw. Ib tug kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum raug tso cai los tshuaj xyuas thaj chaw.
Khawb ib lub trench thaum cov cim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Yog tias lub tsev me me, ces kev khawb tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog cov cuab yeej siv tes. Rau cov tsev loj loj, cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau - ib qho excavator, tom qab uas ob sab thiab hauv qab ntawm lub trench yog manually leveled.instrumental.
cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb
Yuav ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum ua qhov sib txawv me me. Tag nrho cov recesses hauv av yuav tsum tau ua 10 cm wider tshaj lub hauv paus ntsiab. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws yooj yim rau nruab lub formwork. Pob zeb yog poured mus rau hauv qab, uas yuav tsum tau leveled, moistened thiab compacted. Lub thickness ntawm cov pob zeb yuav tsum yog li 25 cm. 120 cm ntawm cov xuab zeb yog poured rau saum nrog lub obligatory tamping..
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub hauv paus los ntawm kev ya raws, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nteg ib qho footing lossis ib zaj duab xis tuab rau saum cov xuab zeb. Hauv thawj kis, lub hauv ncoo ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb yog nchuav nrog cov kua cement tov. Tom qab ntawd cov ntaub ntawv zoo li qub thiab sab laug rau ib lub lim tiam kom txog thaum txhua yam teeb tsa zoo.
Kev ua haujlwm thiab kev txhawb nqa
Yog tias koj xav tsim lub hauv paus sawb nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, cov lus qhia ib ntus yuav pab koj nrog qhov no. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm cov qauv piav qhia, lub tshuab filling yog nruab. Ua li no, koj xav tau formwork, uas feem ntau yog ua los ntawm plywood lossis OSB ntawv. Nws thickness yuav tsum yog li 15 hli. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntaub thaiv ntoo los ntawm kev npaj ntoo boards. Lawv thickness yuav tsum yog 30 hli los yog ntau tshaj.
Qhov siab ntawm formwork yuav tsum yog xws li tias nws nce siab tshaj qhov kev npaj siab ntawm lub hauv paus los ntawm 100 mm. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev deformation ntawm cov qauv thaum lub sij hawm nchuav, cov ntaub thaiv npog yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog nrog spacers. Sab hauv lub hauv paus yog yascev. Lawv tsim nyog thiaj li pib sib txuas lus los ntawm lawv yav tom ntej. Kom lawv tsis txhob deform thaum lub sij hawm nchuav, lawv tau ntim nrog xuab zeb.
Txoj kev txhawb nqa
txhawm rau ua kom lub zog thiab elasticity ntawm lub hauv paus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau nws nrog steel rods. Kev txhawb zog ntawm lub hauv paus faus sawb yuav tsum tau siv lub ribbed steel bar nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 14 mm.
Qhov kev txhim kho ntxiv yog xaiv los ntawm kev xav txog qhov xav tau ntawm lub tsev. Kev txhawb zog yuav tsum nyob saum toj thiab hauv qab. Koj yuav tsum nruab ob txoj siv kab rov tav. Ib txoj hlua knitting yog siv los txuas cov tuav. Tab sis txhawm rau ua kom ntseeg tau ntau dua ntawm cov kab ke, vuam siv tau.
pob zeb pouring theem
Kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus faus rau ntawm theem tom ntej yuav tsum tau nchuav pob zeb. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov pob zeb ua tiav qib M200 lossis M300. Nws raug nquahu kom xaj cov khoom sib xyaw, vim tias txwv tsis pub koj yuav tau ua txoj haujlwm zoo.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, nws raug nquahu kom ncuav cov tshuaj los ntawm saum toj no. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav xaus nrog kev tsim cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg nrog ntau qib ntawm shrinkage.
Siv lub duav thaum pib ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum tau faib cov pob zeb sib xyaw, thiab tom qab ntawd tho qhov loj nrog cov hlau bar kom tshem tawm cov npuas uas tshwm sim. Cov manipulations no hu ua bayonet. Txhawm rau txuag lub sijhawm, lub vibrating compactor tuaj yeem siv los hloov cov hlau bar.
Tsib ntug ntawm lub hauv pausleveled tom qab pouring, thiab ces qhuav nyob rau hauv ib tug txheej ntawm polyethylene. Nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub hauv paus, nws yuav tsum tau tawm hauv lub hauv paus rau lub sijhawm 7 mus rau 12 hnub. Tom qab ntawd, lub formwork yog dismantled.
Txoj cai tswjfwm raws li SNiP 52-01-2003
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab tsim lub hauv paus sawb nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, cov lus qhia ua ntu zus rau kev ua haujlwm yuav pab koj nrog qhov no. Tom qab tshuaj xyuas nws, koj yuav tuaj yeem nkag siab tias nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua raws li kev coj noj coj ua thiab cov cai uas tau hais hauv subheading thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev txhawb nqa.
Thaum xaiv qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov pas nrig, ntau yam yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv tus account, ntawm lawv cov ntu ntu ntawm qhov cuab lub zog thiab nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm pouring qhob yuav tsum tau qhia. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog txoj hauv kev uas cov pob zeb yuav muab tso rau hauv formwork thiab compacted. Tshwj xeeb mloog yuav tsum tau them rau qhov teeb meem ntawm transverse txheeb ze txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub reinforcement. Cov kauj ruam yuav tsum yog 300 hli los yog ib nrab ntawm qhov siab ntawm tus pas nrig.
Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov ces kaum. Hauv qhov no ntawm cov qauv kev txhawb nqa, kev txhawb nqa ntawm ntu loj yog siv. Nws chav kawm yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua peb. Lub kaum sab xis tsis tuaj yeem txhawb nqa los ntawm kev sib tshooj, qhov kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum tau khoov. Thaum muab daim kab xev rov qab rau lub tsev, koj yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa nws siv ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem uas twb muaj lawm, uas yog:
- siv L-shaped ntsiab;
- siv U-shaped clamps;
- reinforcement nrog L-shaped dab tshos.
Qhov kev txhawb nqa txuas ntxiv. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau thauj tog rau nkojkhoov ntsiab. Transverse reinforcement yog ntsia 2 zaug ntau zaus nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum anchoring cheeb tsam. Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias qhov kev ncua deb yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 25 cm.
Thaum ua raws li cov cai rau kev txhawb nqa lub hauv paus sib sib zog nqus, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov dav ntawm tus ncej yuav tsum yog 2 npaug tsawg dua qhov siab. Daim phiaj qis yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa ntawm cov pob zeb lossis cib. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntawv npaj ua ntej. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm daim phiaj hauv qab mus rau hauv qab ntawm trench yuav tsum yog 7 cm lossis ntau dua.
Txoj kev tob
Raws li qhov loj ntawm lub tsev, lub hauv paus sawb yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov tob. Yog hais tias qhov no yog ib tug faus qauv, thiab muaj heaving av nyob rau hauv ib ncig, ces qhov tob qhov tob yuav tsum yog 30 cm ntau tshaj qhov freezing qhov tob ntawm cov av. lub tsev, feem ntau muaj lub hauv paus ntiav.
Yog tias thaj chaw muaj cua sov, ces qhov tob ntawm lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa sab hauv yog xam yam tsis suav nrog cov kab te. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, koj yuav tsum ua kom tiav kev tsim kho thaum lub caij sov lossis ntsuas tiv thaiv cov av khov thaum ua haujlwm.
Yog tias koj xav paub qhov tob ntawm lub hauv paus sawb yog dab tsi, koj yuav tsum paub tias thaum xam qhov ntev ntawm lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa load-bearing ntawm unheated vaj tse, kwv yees qhov tob ntawm cov av khov kab yuav tsum.yuav nce 10% ntawm qhov nruab nrab. Rau cov tsev rhuab, tus nqi no raug txo los ntawm 30%. Yog tias lub tsev muaj chav hauv qab daus, yuav tsum ntsuas los ntawm hauv pem teb.
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau lub hauv paus recessed, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau xav txog hom av. Thaum muaj cov xuab zeb lossis cov av qhuav ntawm thaj chaw, lub hauv paus tuaj yeem ua kom tob tshaj qhov khov ntawm cov av. Tab sis ib leeg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tsis txhob ze tshaj 50 cm los ntawm cov av theem, yog hais tias cov av nyob ze ntawm lub nto, thiab lub hauv paus yuav tsum muaj ib tug ntau dua nteg qhov tob, ces ib tug sawb cib puag yog siv.
In xaus
Thaum tsim lub hauv paus rau lub tsev, txhua theem ntawm kev tsim kho yuav luag yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Qhov no kuj tseem siv tau rau formwork rau kev sib sib zog nqus strip foundations. 25 hli boards yog qhov zoo rau nws, uas yuav tsum tau npaj. Qhov tuab no yuav tso cai rau cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv lub siab ntawm pob zeb.
Koj yuav tsum muab qhov nyiam rau softwood boards, vim tias lawv yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm elasticity thiab lub zog. Rau kev yooj yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm, npaj square ntoo blocks, nrog rau pegs. Cov qub yuav raug siv ua spacers, tom kawg yuav tsum tau kho cov ntaub thaiv npog.
