Apartments nyob rau hauv Stalinist cov tsev yog dav thiab muaj ib tug zoo heev layout. Thiab nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam vaj tse, lawv nyob rau hauv kev thov heev. Muaj ob peb pawg ntawm cov tsev xws li, vaj tse nyob rau hauv uas tej zaum yuav txawv nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam thiab ib co lwm yam tsis. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham nyob rau hauv kom meej txog dab tsi yog qhov siab ntawm lub qab nthab nyob rau hauv Stalinist lub tsev, muaj pes tsawg chav nyob rau hauv xws li ib chav tsev, thiab lwm yam.
keeb kwm me ntsis
Kev tsim kho ntawm cov qauv no tau pib thaum 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Tej vaj tse nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws pib tsim tam sim ntawd tom qab lub kiv puag ncig. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum xub thawj cov no yog cov barracks zoo tib yam, tag nrho tsis muaj kev pabcuam. Cov tsev tsis muaj dab da dej. Cov vaj tse zoo li no tau ua feem ntau ntawm cov cib.
Ib me ntsis tom qab, thaum lub teb chaws ntau dua los yog tsawg dua tuaj rau nws qhov kev xav tom qab ua tsov ua rog, hauv cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroog tau pib txhim kho ntau lub tsev nrog cov txheej txheem yooj yim, da dej loj, da dej, chav ua noj thiab chav dej.. Nws yog cov tsev uas niaj hnub no hu ua "Stalinist". Raws li txoj cai, cov vaj tse no yog plastered rau sab nraud, thiab muaj ib lub tsev loj sab hauv.
Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau xyoo 50s, lawv pib tsim cov tsev Stalinist, cov chav tsev uas muaj thaj tsam me me dua li yav dhau los. Lawv feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cib. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv pib tsim tsev raws li lwm qhov project. Tam sim no, lawv hu ua "Stalin-type" cov tsev. Cov layout hauv lawv tsis yooj yim li.
Thiab qee lub sijhawm tom qab, nrog rau peb hom "stalinok", lawv tau pib tsim plaub lub tsev vaj huam sib luag. Lawv raug suav hais tias yog kev sim, thiab cov tsev nyob hauv lawv muaj thaj chaw loj thiab qhov chaw yooj yim heev.
Qhov siab ntawm qab nthab hauv Stalinist tsev: pes tsawg meters?
Hnub no, vaj tse nyob hauv tej vaj tse, xws li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, yog txawv txawv, nrov thiab belongs rau cov neeg tseem ceeb. Cov lus qhia heev "Stalin lub tsev" yog paub tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov laus tiam, tab sis kuj rau cov hluas. Kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov tsev, qhov yooj yim ntawm cov tsev, nrog rau qhov tshwj xeeb ntxim nyiam thiab tus ntsuj plig ntawm keeb kwm - qhov no yog qhov nyiam cov neeg yuav khoom.
Qhov siab ntawm lub qab nthab hauv Stalin lub tsev yuav txawv. Qee zaum, nws txawm mus txog 4.5 meters. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yeej tsis tshwm sim hauv qab 3 m. Qhov kev xaiv kawg yog qhov feem ntau. Tsis tas li ntawd feem ntau nyob rau hauv xws li chav tsev lub qab nthab muaj qhov siab ntawm 3.5 m.
yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsev
Lwm yam txawv ntawm cov tsev no yog:
- Kev hais lus.
- cais chav. Feem ntau, muaj li ntawm 2 mus rau 4. Ib chav stalins tsawg heev.
- cheeb tsam loj. Qhov tseeb tag nrho cov chav hauv xws li chav tsev yog dav, suav nrogtxoj kev hauv tsev, chav ua noj thiab chav dej. Cov tom kawg tuaj yeem cais los yog ua ke.
thaj chaw twg tuaj yeem muaj
Qhov siab ntawm lub qab nthab hauv Stalinist cov tsev yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab, raws li twb tau hais lawm, cov chav nyob hauv lawv tuaj yeem muaj thaj tsam loj heev:
- Ib chav - 32-50 m2.
- Ob chav - los ntawm 44 txog 65 m 2.
- 3 chav - ntawm 60 txog 80 m 2.
- Plaub chav - ntawm 80 txog 120 m 2.
Txoj kev tsim ntawm cov tsev lawv tus kheej
Yog li, qhov siab ntawm lub qab nthab hauv Stalin lub tsev yog dab tsi, peb pom. Tab sis dav dav tsis yog lawv qhov txiaj ntsig xwb. Txawm li cas los xij cov khoom siv phab ntsa ntawm cov qauv no yog ua los ntawm, lawv cov thickness yog ib txwm tseem ceeb. Qhov no yog vim lub suab rwb thaiv tsev zoo thiab kev nplij siab ntawm kev nyob hauv lub caij ntuj no. Partitions thiab sab hauv phab ntsa kuj feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cib. Raws li rau cov plag tsev, feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov pob zeb muaj zog. Txawm li cas los xij, kuj muaj cov tsev nrog ntoo. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov pej xeem yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov laus boards thiab cav thiab ua ib tug screed.
Qhov rooj thiab qhov rais qhib hauv cov tsev zoo li no kuj dav dua hauv Khrushchev. Hauv qhov no, lub qhov rooj yeej tsis nyob ze rau ib leeg. Lub qab nthab hauv Stalinist lub tsev feem ntau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog plaster moldings.
Feem ntau muaj 2-3 chav nyob ntawm qhov tsaws. Txij li thaum tag nrho cov qauv hauv Stalinist cov tsev yog haum rau ib leeg nruj heev, tsis muaj cov ntawv sau hauv chav. Feem ntau hauv stalinka muajtus kheej chav boiler.
Stalinist cov tsev saib loj thiab txhim khu kev qha. Yuav luag txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj balustrade. Qee lub sij hawm muaj cov kab los yog cov mlom rau sab nrauv. Qee lub tsev ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb tej yaam num yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog taw tes turrets. Lub ru tsev qauv ntawm Stalinist lub tsev feem ntau yog pitched, thiab yog li ntawd cov tswv ntawm cov tsev nyob rau hauv pem teb sab sauv muaj ib tug zoo lub sij hawm los mus ntxiv ib tug qab nthab. Tsis muaj elevator lossis chutes khib nyiab hauv cov tsev li no.
Stalin skyscrapers
Qhov siab ntawm Stalinist qab nthab, thaj tsam loj ntawm cov tsev apartment, muaj ntau yam "laus" cov ntsiab lus nyob rau sab hauv thiab sab nrauv ntawm cov qauv no tsis tuaj yeem tab sis impress. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau lub tsev loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm Soviet thaum ntxov yog ntau-storey monumental skyscrapers - ib qho ntawm peb lub peev. Lawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub lig 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Muaj xya lub tsev zoo kawg li hauv Moscow, txawm hais tias thaum xub thawj nws tau npaj los tsim yim. Feem ntau ntawm cov skyscrapers nyob rau hauv pawg ntawm peb. Lawv kev tsim kho tau ua los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Stalin. Yog li lawv lub npe. Kev tso tag nrho cov tsev no tau tshwm sim nyob rau hnub ntawm kev ua koob tsheej ntawm 800 xyoo ntawm Moscow. Cov skyscrapers no tiag tiag Stalinist "qhov siab", ib tug monument rau lub Soviet yav dhau los, uas yog tsis zoo li yuav rov qab los.
Ib lub tsev, hmoov tsis, tsis tiav. Tam sim no, lub npe nrov Rossiya Hotel sawv ntawm nws lub hauv paus. Nyob rau hauv 2006, lub tuam txhab "Dom-stroy"ib qhov project ntawm lub skyscraper niaj hnub nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm Stalinist cov tsev tau tsim thiab siv. Yog li tam sim no muaj yim lub tsev zoo li no hauv lub nroog.
Qhov chaw thiab nta ntawm cov chaw
- Hotel "Ukraine". Qhov no yog qhov thib ob siab tshaj plaws Moscow skyscraper. Nws txoj kev tsim kho tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1957. Hauv xyoo 2010 nws tau rov qab los. Nws qhov siab nrog spire yog 206 m.
- Lub tsev ntawm Moscow State University. Qhov siab ntawm Stalin skyscraper, ua rau xyoo 1953, yog 240 meters. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov plag tsev yog 36. Qhov no yog lub tsev siab tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho xya. Thaum xub thawj, nws tau npaj rau nruab ib tug pej thuam ntawm Lomonosov rau nws lub ru tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, Stalin tau txiav txim siab tias txhua lub tsev siab, yam tsis muaj kev zam, yuav tsum muaj cov kab laug sab xwb.
- High-nce ntawm Kotelnicheskaya embankment.
- Lub tsev ntawm Ministry of Foreign Affairs ntawm Lavxias Federation. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm no skyscraper yog lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm lub USSR, mounted rau lub ntsiab spire. Lub tsev no tau ua tiav xyoo 1953. Nws qhov siab yog 172 m nrog spire.
- Leningradskaya Hotel. Qhov siab ntawm lub tsev no yog 117 m. Nws nyob ntawm Komsomolskaya Square, nyob ib sab ntawm peb lub tsheb ciav hlau thiab tej zaum yuav luag txhua tus neeg Lavxias paub.
- Lub tsev ntawm Rooj vag liab Square. Lub tsev no siab 138 meters thiab muaj 24 plag tsev.
- Lub tsev nyob rau ntawm Uprising Square. Qhov siab ntawm lub tsev siab no yog 156 meters. Qhov no tsis yog lub tsev so lossis tsoomfwv lub chaw haujlwm. Cov neeg nplua nuj Muscovites nyob ntawm no. Muaj 462 chav nyob hauv lub tsev.
Stalin skyscrapers nyob rau hauv lwm lub nroog thiab lub teb chaws
Pom zoo li no tsis yog nyob hauv Moscow nkaus xwb. Xws li skyscrapers raug tsimSaib ntxiv:
- In Latvia. Nov yog lub tsev loj tshaj plaws ntawm Academy of Sciences.
- Nyob hauv lub peev ntawm Poland - Palace of Science thiab Culture.
- Nyob hauv Chelyabinsk. Nov yog State University lub tsev.
- In Kyiv. Hotel Ukraine.
- Nyob hauv Prague. Crowne Plaza Hotel.
- Bucharest yog lub tsev xovxwm.
Kev zoo siab ntawm 90s
Kev boom hauv kev yuav tsev nyob hauv tsev ua hauv 30-50s tshwm sim hauv 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Ntau tus neeg nplua nuj nyob hauv Soviet tam sim ntawd, nkees ntawm qhov nruj ntawm Khrushchevs, yeej nyiam lub qab nthab qhov siab hauv Stalinist cov tsev thiab thaj chaw loj ntawm cov tsev. Cov neeg lag luam Lavxias tshiab tau pib yuav cov vaj tsev zoo li no thiab rov tsim kho dua tshiab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txawm tias qhov yuav tsum tau rov kho cov tsev nyob hauv zej zog tsis tau suav tias yog qhov teeb meem. Qee lub sij hawm cov tswv tshiab ntawm cov vaj tsev zoo li no kho tsis yog nws xwb, tab sis kev nkag mus rau tag nrho.
Ib me ntsis tom qab, qhov hype tau ploj mus. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Moscow, cov tsev tshiab tau pib ua, kuj nrog ib tug heev yooj yim layout thiab ib tug loj cheeb tsam ntawm cov chav. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tsev nyob hauv cov tsev qub ua rau xyoo 30-50 tseem nrov heev thiab suav tias yog cov neeg tseem ceeb.
Qhov twg zoo dua - lub tsev tshiab lossis Stalinka?
Raws li tus nqi, cov tsev nyob hauv cov tsev neeg tseem ceeb ntawm 30-50s thiab cov tshiab yog qhov sib txawv. Tau kawg, tom qab yuav ib lub tsev nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev tshiab, nws tsis zoo li yuav tsum tau kho ntxiv. Qhov tsuas yog qhov uas yuav tsum tau ua yog hloov cov kav dej. Cov neeg cog lus tsawg heev, txawm tias nyob hauv cov tsev neeg tseem ceeb, txhim kho cov khoom zoo. Hauv Stalinkas, lawv muaguas feem ntau yog pej xeem nplua nuj, tsis zoo li koj yuav tau hloov pauv.
Raws li qhov chaw thiab qhov yooj yim ntawm lub vaj, Stalinist cov tsev kuj tau xyaum tsis zoo dua rau cov tsev tshiab. Lawv feem ntau nyob ntawm qhov deb heev ntawm ib leeg. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj dab tsi kaw lub hnub, lub rays ntawm dawb do nkag mus rau hauv lub nyob quarters. Lub tshav puam lawv tus kheej yog qhov txawv txav tsis zoo thiab muaj qhov tsis zoo. Qhov chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm cov tsev no feem ntau yog toj roob hauv pes, thiab muaj cov kev nyob ze uas koj tuaj yeem taug kev nrog menyuam yaus.
Txoj kev kho dua tshiab ntawm Stalinist cov tsev
Dab tsi yog qhov siab hauv Stalin lub tsev (qab nthab) peb pom. Keeb kwm yog keeb kwm, tab sis, ntawm chav kawm, yog tias xav tau, kev txhim kho niaj hnub tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv lub tsev zoo li no. Vim yog thaj chaw loj thiab cov qab nthab siab, Stalinist cov tsev tsuas yog qhov dav tshaj plaws rau kev nthuav tawm cov tswv yim zoo ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv. Yog xav tau, xws li chav tsev tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv lub tsev qub qub.
Feem ntau, cov tswv tshiab ntawm Stalinist chav tsev ntxiv qhov chaw ntau dua rhuav tshem ntau qhov kev faib tawm. Ib chav tsev tsib lossis plaub chav tsev tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv peb chav lossis ob chav tsev. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv xws li chav tsev qhov ntev ntawm lub sab hauv yog siv, piv txwv li, pej thuam, kab thiab arches. Ntev txoj hauv kev feem ntau hloov mus rau hauv cov chav tsev, thiab cov tsev cog khoom me me tiag tiag tau cog rau ntawm lub qhov rais dav ntawm cov chav.
Txij li thaum chav dej sib cais thiab da dej hauv cov tsev Stalinist feem ntaunqaim, kev faib nruab nrab ntawm lawv feem ntau demolished. Yog li, chav dav dav niaj hnub tau npaj.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tsev nyob hauv Stalinist cov tsev
Cia peb xaus thiab saib seb qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tsev nyob hauv cov tsev li cas, thiab seb lawv puas tsim nyog yuav. Qhov zoo tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau:
- siab kub thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev.
- Kev xav thiab kev yooj yim ntawm kev npaj.
- chav tsev loj.
- Qhov siab ntawm lub qab nthab hauv Stalinist cov tsev yog lwm qhov ntawm lawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
- Vim muaj lub tsev boiler, raws li qhov kev thov ntawm txhua tus neeg nyob hauv, lub tsev tuaj yeem raug cais tawm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tsev.
- Durability ntawm tus qauv. Tam sim no, cov tsev no tseem tsis tau ua haujlwm txawm tias ib feem peb ntawm lawv cov peev txheej.
- Lub tsev muaj koob npe Stalinist yuav nyob twj ywm rau ntau tshaj kaum xyoo.
Tau kawg, Stalin lub tsev kuj muaj qee qhov tsis zoo:
- Cov plag tsev, yog tias lawv yog ntoo, yuav raug lwj thiab raug hluav taws kub.
- Tsis muaj elevator.
- Cov kab hluav taws xob qub qub, tsis haum rau kev sib txuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub hauv tsev. Nws yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau tooj liab. Thiab qhov no, tau kawg, yog tus nqi ntxiv.
Yog li, peb tau pom tias lub qab nthab siab nyob hauv Stalin lub tsev yog dab tsi. 3-4.5 meters yog, ntawm chav kawm, tsis yog ib tug palace, tab sis twb ib yam dab tsi. Kev nplij siab thiab coziness - qhov no yog qhov koj tuaj yeem ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm vaj tse nyob hauv cov tsev txhim khu kev qha ntawm qhov pib - nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, txawm tias muaj hnub nyoog ntawm kev tsim kho, Stalin lub tsev tseem suav hais tias yog cov neeg tseem ceeb. Thiab lawv yuav nyob li ntawdntev heev.
