Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog cov cement. Nws yog siv rau kev tsim cov asbestos-cement, reinforced pob zeb thiab pob zeb cov ntsiab lus, mortars. Cement yog hais txog ib pawg ntawm hydraulic binders, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov aluminates thiab silicates, tsim thaum lub sij hawm ua cov ntaub ntawv raw ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab coj mus ua kom tiav los yog ib nrab melting.
Txoj kev sib sau
Ntshiab limestone thiab bauxite yog siv los ua raw khoom. Cov tom kawg yog pob zeb, uas muaj impurities thiab hydrates. Bauxites tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam rau kev tshem tawm cov adsorbents, refractory, txhuas thiab lwm yam.
Aluminous cement yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib-calcium aluminate hauv cov clinker muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv khi. Nws kuj muaj gelena raws li lub pob zeb impurity thiab dicalcium silicate, uas nws tus yam ntxwv feature yog qeeb hardening.
Thaum sib tov nrog dejmonocalcium aluminate pib hydrate. Cov khoom tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no ua raws li ib feem ntawm cov khoom solidified. Expanding cement pib teem tom qab 45-60 feeb, ua tiav solidification tshwm sim tom qab 10 teev. Nws tuaj yeem hloov lub sijhawm teeb tsa los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tsuj roj (gypsum, txiv qaub) lossis retarders (calcium chloride, boric acid).
Ntse
Aluminous cement muaj peev xwm ua kom tsis zoo, vim cov pob zeb tsim muaj cov qauv ntxhib-grained. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub xub ntiag ntawm hydrated cubic monoaluminate ua rau poob loj thaum tsim.
Ib yam rau cov khoom siv no yog qhov tso tawm ntau ntawm cov cua sov uas tshwm sim hauv thawj ob peb teev ntawm solidification. Cov cuab yeej no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua haujlwm pob zeb hauv lub caij ntuj no, tab sis nws txo qis kev siv rau cov qauv loj.
Nthuav MAAs, ua los ntawm aluminous, yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws kub. Nws yog siv los tsim refractory hydraulically teem mortars ua ke nrog refractory constituents xws li chamotte, ore, magnesite.
Dhau li ntawm qhov no, lub pob zeb muaj zog cement yog qhov tshwj xeeb, uas txiav txim siab tseem ceeb rau cov roj zaub, kua qaub, dej hiav txwv.
Cov khoom siv no muaj peev xwm muab cov tshuaj khib thiab pob zeb nrog cov dej noo tsis kam thiab qhov ntom ntom. Tab sis nws yuav raug puas tsuaj sai nyob rau hauv lub hwj chimalkalis thiab ammonium ntsev.
Production
Aluminous cement yog tsim los ntawm ob txoj kev: los ntawm kev tua ua ntej sintering thiab los ntawm melting tus nqi raw. Txoj kev tom kawg yuav tsum tau them nqi npaj, melting tom qab txias, crushing thiab sib tsoo. Cov txheej txheem ci yog ua los ntawm kev ziab cov khoom ua ntej, sib tsoo zoo thiab sib tov kom txog thaum homogenization tau txais, ces cov granular los yog hmoov sib tov yog raug rho tawm haujlwm nyob rau hauv furnaces ntawm ntau hom. Tom qab cov khoom txias thiab crushed.
Cement pob zeb tau txais lub zog tsawg dua nrog kev nce cov ntsiab lus ntxiv vim yog recrystallization ntawm hydroaluminate. Yog li, cov khoom tsim tawm tsis raug rau autoclaving thiab steaming.
Tsawg hardening tshwm sim nrog txo qhov kub. Yog hais tias qhov loj yog txias rau qhov tsis zoo, hardening nrog dej yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua, yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum muab qhov kub thiab txias.
Type of aluminous cement
Muaj 2 hom khoom: siab alumina thiab txheem cement. Lub hom phiaj yog txiav txim siab nyob rau hnub thib peb tom qab tsim cov qauv. Muab cov nqi siab thiab tsis muaj cov khoom siv raw, cov cement yog muag hauv cov ntim me me. Cov khoom siv yog cov hmoov zoo ntawm cov xim dub, xim av lossis xim ntsuab tsaus. Aluminous cement, tus nqi pib ntawm 40 rubles ib kg, yog ntim rau hauv ntim thiab hnab ntawm 50 kg. Muaj peev xwm ceevhardening hauv dej yog tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Daim ntawv thov
Nws yog siv los tsim cov pob zeb thiab cov pob zeb ua vaj tse uas cov pob zeb xav kom ncav cuag lub zog tsim hauv 1, 2 lossis 7 hnub, thiab rau cov qauv hauv av thiab sab nrauv uas xav tau cov tshuaj sulfate siab. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia qhov ua tau zoo hauv kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov txuas hniav thiab cov tsev, kev tsim kho sai ntawm lub hauv paus rau cov tsheb thiab kho kev puas tsuaj hauv kev thauj mus los hauv hiav txwv.
Aluminous MAAs HZ 40 kuj tau pom nws daim ntawv thov hauv kev tsim cov khoom sib txuas - nws yog cov dej tsis muaj dej, nthuav dej thiab nthuav cov aluminous cement.
Nyob zoo
Aluminous MAAs yog ib qho khoom siv ruaj khov siv rau cov cua kub-resistant thiab lub tsev mortars, tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tawv tawv sai hauv huab cua thiab hauv dej. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev siv cov hmoov av sib tov ntawm cov khoom siv raw nrog cov ntsiab lus alumina siab thiab raug rho tawm haujlwm rau fusion lossis sintering. Roasting yog nqa tawm niaj hnub no feem ntau nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob arc lossis moj tej tawg furnaces mus rau lub xeev ntawm melting. Tib lub sijhawm, tsis tas yuav muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom, thiab nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm silica thiab hlau.
Hom aluminous cement muab cov khoom muaj zog tiv thaiv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, ntsev, lactic acid, sulfur compounds thiab ua kom kub tsis kam mus txog 1700 degrees.
Ntxiv rau, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov dej ntxhia tau txo qis vim qhov ua tsis taukev tsim cov calcium hydrate thaum cuam tshuam nrog dej ib puag ncig. Kev tiv thaiv rau sulfate corrosion yog tau vim tsis muaj tricalcium hydroaluminate. Cement yog raug rau corrosion nyob rau hauv alkaline kheej kheej, ib tug concentrated tov ntawm magnesium sulfate thiab active acidic ib puag ncig.
