Lub hauv paus platform rau feem ntau cov peev txheej tsim kho yog npaj siv formwork. Qhov kev tsim no ua haujlwm ntau yam, suav nrog kev tuav, cais thiab tiv thaiv. Hauv kev tsim kho kev tshaj lij, cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ruaj khov tau nce ntxiv raws li qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab siv tau. Tab sis txoj kev no kuj muaj ntau txoj hauv kev ua kom tiav.
Technology nta
Cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj koom nrog kev tuav ib ntus ntawm cov pob zeb los ua lub hauv paus txhawb nqa ntawm lub tsev thav duab. Los ntawm txoj kev no, ob qho tib si monolithic thiab lub hauv paus sawb tau ua. Rau columnar thiab pawg qauv, formwork ntsiab yog xyaum tsis siv. Nyob rau hauv lem, ruaj formwork technology pib ua tib yam dej num ntawm tuav lub pob zeb tov, tso cai rau nws coj tus yam xav tau rau lub hom phiaj qauv.
Tom qab lub tsev sib tov tau hardened, cov khoom tsis raug tshem tawm,tab sis tseem nyob hauv lub hauv paus system. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev cais tawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm stripping yog vim tsis muaj ntau npaum li kev txuag lub sijhawm thiab kev ua haujlwm, tab sis rau qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim cov qauv ib-thooj. Formwork Cheebtsam tom qab pouring thiab crystallization ntawm pob zeb tsis tsuas yog tsim ib lub hauv paus qauv, tab sis ua rau kom cov insulating thiab tiv thaiv lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv lub grillage. Rwb thaiv tsev, hydro thiab vapor barrier, raws li zoo raws li cov neeg kho tshuab tsis kam - qhov no yog lub ntsiab txheej txheem uas endows ruaj formwork foundation.
Thaiv kev tsim kho ntawm daim ntawv ruaj khov
Hom ntau tshaj plaws ntawm qhov tsis sib cais ua vaj tse khaws cia rau hauv paus. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv no configuration, ib-thooj blocks yog nteg, ua los ntawm tib lub pob zeb, hluavtaws fibers nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm fiberglass los yog composite, ntoo-raws li cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam. Installation yog nqa tawm zoo li brickwork siv lub tsev binder mixtures.
Txoj kev siv thev naus laus zis ntau ntxiv los tsim lub hauv paus yog muab los ntawm cov tuam ntxhab ntawm cov khoom siv prefabricated ntawm taag formwork raws li ntoo pob zeb, gypsum thiab ua npuas ncauj yas. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus no yog cov qauv me me ntawm lub hauv paus qauv los ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Tshwj xeeb, ib qho thaiv tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ob peb nplooj ntawv stacked raws li ib lub tswv yim hauv txoj haujlwm tsim. Lub rooj sib txoos yog nqa tawm raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tus tsim qauv, tab sis, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov pa blocks, nws yuav tsis ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev siv ntawm peb-tog fasteners. Nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm no, polymer spacers yog siv. Lawv tso cai kom meejtswj cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm cov nplooj ntawv, tom qab uas lawv tau ruaj ntseg rub ua ke rau hauv ib qho qauv.
Monolithic tsau formwork
Ib qho lwm txoj hauv kev thaiv kab ke yog ib pawg dav ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag thiab cov khoom siv, los ntawm qhov uas tau txais lub hauv paus denser. Nws tuaj yeem raug hu ua monolithic, txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov qauv ntawm cov cement thav duab yog txuam nrog cov formwork ntau dua li nrog thaiv masonry. Piv txwv li, nrog ib tug thav duab layout, cam khwb cia elongated beams yog siv, uas tsim ob load-bearing contours tom qab installation. Cov pob zeb yog nchuav rau hauv cov channel tsim, tom qab ntawd cov hlau txuas ntxiv tau muab tso rau.
Lwm txoj hauv kev los tsim ib lub hauv paus monolith yog siv cov ntawv slab ruaj khov uas tuav cov khoom screed. Hauv qhov tsim no, cov khoom siv formwork yog ib lub laj kab ntsug uas tau nruab ib ncig ntawm thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv nws lub moj khaum, lub hauv paus monolithic yog poured yam tsis muaj contours ntxiv. Cov paib ua haujlwm ntawm kev tuav cov tshuaj, thiab tom qab ntawd dhau los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tag nrho thiab hauv qab daus ntawm lub tsev.
Kev faib cov formwork ruaj los ntawm hom rwb thaiv tsev
rwb thaiv tsev thermal yog ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub hauv paus xws li. Qhov zoo ntawm kev ruaj khov formwork suav nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm no yam tsis muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb xws li cov ntxhia wool lossis cov khoom siv vov tsev rau cov dej tsis zoo. Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv xws li systems, rwb thaiv tsev yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Piv txwv li, hauv kev tsim kho monolithicNrog rau kev siv cov lus hais saum toj no fencing slabs, tsim cov ntsiab lus koom nrog. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog thermal blocks nrog txhim kho thermal zog tuav cov khoom.
Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog kev tsim kho nrog ib txheej insulating ntxiv. Yog tias thermal blocks tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev zoo li no, ces cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev ywj pheej yog qhov zoo rau nws txoj kev siv ntau yam. Nws tau nthuav tawm tsis yog nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntxiv (hydrobarrier, vapor barrier, txo suab nrov), tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv dav styling possibilities. Ntawd yog, nws muaj peev xwm cais tsis yog tag nrho cheeb tsam, tab sis cov ntu tshwj xeeb - suav nrog cov chaw uas lub hauv paus converges nrog grillage yam tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus formwork.
Styrofoam siv
Hais txog kev txawj thiab lub cev zoo, qhov no yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws hauv nws chav kawm. Nthuav polystyrene muaj qhov zoo insulating muaj nuj nqi, tsim ib qho kev tiv thaiv rau ya raws thiab suab nrov. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv no suav nrog lub zog tsis muaj zog, txawm li cas los xij, txhua hom kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov yuav tsum muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov pob zeb thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv, yog li txawm tias cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv yas tuaj yeem ua raws li kev txhawb nqa tus kheej. Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev nthuav dav polystyrene yog ntau yam duab thiab ntau thiab tsawg. Thaiv thiab vaj huam sib luag cov khoom siv ua haujlwm tso cai rau koj los tsim cov txheej txheem hauv paus tsis muaj kev hloov kho tshwj xeeb.
Ntoo-pob zeb taag formwork
Tseem muaj cov ntoo ywj pheej thiab cov khoom ua vaj tse, txawm li cas los xij,Txhua yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tau hais tsis zoo. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lawv cov kev sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv ib qho qauv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tau txais cov cuab yeej siv thoob ntiaj teb los tsim kom muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab ua haujlwm zoo. Ntoo-pob zeb hom ntawm taag formwork tau txais lub npe nrov arbolite. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev tsim no tau nruab rau hauv kab, uas ua rau cov ntaub ntawv phab ntsa. Sab hauv ntawm xws li ib lub vaj huam sib luag yog corrugated los xyuas kom meej adhesion zoo nrog pob zeb, thiab nyob rau hauv ib co kev hloov kho tshwj xeeb ditches yog muab rau kev txhim kho txoj kev sib txuas lus. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntoo pob zeb (vim muaj ntoo hauv cov qauv) yog nws qhov kev nkag siab zoo rau cov dej noo, yog li ntawd, formwork waterproofing tej zaum yuav xav tau raws li cov qauv ntxiv.
iav magnesite tsau formwork
Cov khoom siv yog siv hauv cov qauv tsim ua siv cov hlau dov. Sab nrauv ntawm formwork yog sheathed nrog iav-magnesium nyias panels uas zoo li plasterboard partitions. Qhob yog nchuav rau hauv cov kab tsim raws li kev siv tshuab dav dav. Nws tseem raug tso cai siv cov iav-magnesite phab ntsa hauv kev tsim kho monolithic nrog lub hauv paus pobzeb. Nyob rau hauv no version, lub partitions yog ntsia tsis raws li nyob rau hauv contours, tab sis sab nraum, ua lub zog ntawm tib ntsug laj kab. Raws li rau iav magnesite nws tus kheej, nws yog nrov raws li ib tug tswv yim structural puag rau lub hauv paus, tab sis nws insulating zog yog heev qaug zog.
Tswj formwork technology
Kev ua haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog kev ua tiav ntawm peb txoj haujlwm thev naus laus zis - sib dhos, nchuav thiab ntxiv dag zog. Cov kev ua ub ua no pib tom qab kev npaj ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau hom kev ruaj khov yog sib sau ua ke raws li lawv cov kev ua haujlwm thiab cov qauv tsim. Piv txwv li, cov ntsiab lus thaiv tau koom nrog cov khoom sib txuas, thiab cov slabs loj heev raug rub ua ke nrog cov hlua hlau thiab cov tawv nqaij sab nraud. Thaum lub niche rau lub hauv paus nws tus kheej yog npaj txhij, npaj mus ncuav cov tshuaj. Raws li txoj cai, qhov siab ntawm lub hauv paus cab kuj yog 20-30 cm, tab sis nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus storey ntawm lub tsev, ib theem ntxiv ntawm screed nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 12-20 cm kuj yuav teem caij. formwork ntsiab yog mounted nyob rau hauv nws. Nyob rau theem kawg, kev txhawb nqa yog ua nrog cov struts sab nraud, thauj tog rau nkoj thiab cov rods hlau.
Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov
Tus nqi pheej yig tshaj plaws rau cov qauv ntawm hom no raug nqi 150-200 rubles. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog cov qauv ua los ntawm cov pob zeb lossis ntoo-shaving cov ntaub ntawv. Tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm taag formwork ua los ntawm nthuav polystyrene yog 700-1000 rubles. Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw thiab cov khoom raws li fiberglass yog kwv yees li ntawm tib tus nqi.
Thaum yuav, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account cov yam ntxwv thiab lub cev ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, tib tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog tshem tawm tau ua los ntawm nthuav polystyrene tuaj yeem nce mus rau 2000 rubles yog tias peb tab tom tham txog cov qauv loj loj nrog kev txhawb nqa sab hauv. Tsis tas li, ntxivthermal rwb thaiv tsev txheej nrog cov qauv kev hloov kho tuaj yeem ntxiv 300-500 rubles. rau qhov khoom tus nqi pib.
Zaj lus
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov khoom ua tau zoo, tus nqi nruab nrab thiab kev siv thev naus laus zis pheej yig, tau kawg, ua rau lub tshuab ua haujlwm ruaj khov rau lub hauv paus txaus nyiam hauv qhov muag ntawm cov neeg siv khoom nruab nrab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev xav no puas muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev? Cov tswv feem ntau tsis pom qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov thev naus laus zis, tab sis lawv nyob ntawd. Cov kev tsis zoo tshwj xeeb yuav nyob ntawm seb hom kev txhim kho tau siv li cas. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav polystyrene, qhov no tuaj yeem yog qhov tsis muaj qhov cua ntawm lub hauv paus thiab tso tawm cov tshuaj phem. Peb tab tom tham txog cov pa taws uas tsis tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis koj tseem yuav tsum tsis nco qab txog kev huv ntawm ib puag ncig. Raws li rau pob zeb thiab particle boards, lawv qhov tsis muaj zog feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv qhov xav tau kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov qauv vim muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm kev txav hauv av ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho.
