Rau kev tsim lub tsev nrog cov phab ntsa hnyav, lub hauv paus hauv ncoo yog siv. Yog hais tias lawv tab tom ua ib lub tsev nrog rau hauv qab daus, lawv tsim ib daim kab xev-hom foundation. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb hauv nws yog daim hlau. Cov hauv ncoo no yog cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis ua los ntawm cov pob zeb thiab cov hlau ntxiv.
Foundation slabs yog tsim rau cov av sib txawv. Yuav kom ua tiav cov haujlwm zoo, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua tib zoo ua cov txheej txheem npaj. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, hauv qab ntawm lub qhov dej yog leveled thiab dej yog drained. Lub qhov dej ntawm qhov dej yog tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev kom hloov cov dej siab ntawm nws. Cov qhov dej no txuas nrog cov kav dej tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas ntau av tau xaiv, crushed pob zeb nrog xuab zeb yog ntxiv thiab rammed. Tom qab ntawd lub hauv paus pob zeb (5-10 cm) yog ua thiab ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv tom qab nws qhuav tag.
Lub hauv paus slabs yog them nrog waterproofing nyob rau hauv ob txheej. Qee zaum lawv ua cov cement-xuab zeb screed los ntawm saum toj. Tom qab ntawd formwork yog tsim rau qhov siab ntawm slab. Ua ntej concreting, ib tug reinforcing tawb yog ua. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub rebar nyob ntawm tus tsim ntawm lub tsev.
Yog lub tsev tab tom ua hauv thaj chaw seismically active, thav duab (rebars thiab foundations)vuam. Lub thickness ntawm lub hauv ncoo nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum yog 15-20 cm, lub stiffeners yog concreted tam sim ntawd. Hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj qhov sib sib zog nqus khov ntawm cov av, lub hauv paus slabs yog siv, qhov ntev ntawm qhov yuav tsum yog 20-25 cm.
Ua haujlwm nrog pob zeb hauv lub caij txias yog ua tiav ntawm qhov kub tsis qis dua -15 ⁰С. Qhob yog nteg nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus slabs siv ib tug sib sib zog nqus vibrator, thiab ces nws yog leveled. Cov formwork raug tshem tawm tom qab cov pob zeb tau teeb tsa thiab tau txais lub zog.
Foundation slabs GOST 13580 nce thaj tsam ntawm kev txhawb nqa, thiab li no ntxiv dag zog rau lub tsev. Lawv tso siab rau lawv. Kev kos npe kuj tau ua raws li qee cov qauv. Hauv thawj pab pawg (FL), cov ntawv txhais tau tias qhov ntev (round off), qhov dav thiab lub npe ntawm cov qauv. Cov pab pawg thib ob qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm lub hauv ncoo. Piv txwv li, tsab ntawv P qhia tias txo permeability. "O" txhais tias qis thiab "H" txhais tau tias ib txwm.
Qhob qib M300 yog siv rau cov hauv paus, thiab cov kev hloov kho tshwj xeeb tau ntxiv los ua kom cov Frost tsis kam ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Reinforced qhob hauv ncoo yog qhov xav tau tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim kho. Cov khoom muaj qhov zoo hauv qab no:
- kev lag luam;
- muaj sijhawm los txo cov haujlwm;
- txo qhov ntim ntawm pob zeb;
- txo nqi zog.
Type of pillows:
- box-shaped;
- solid;
- ribbed.
Yuav kom paub seb qhov ntev npaum li cas lub hauv paus slabs yuav tsum muaj, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum taukev xam ua ntej. Txiav txim siab qhov dav ntawm lub hauv ncoo raws li hauv qab no. Ua ntej, lawv pom qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsev thiab qhov siab npaum li cas ntawm cov av tuaj yeem tiv taus. Los ntawm kev suav yooj yim, qhov xav tau dav ntawm daim phiaj yog teem.
Cov tsev nyob hauv tsev tau tsim tsa ntawm cov kab kab sib chaws. Lawv sib cuam tshuam, tsim ib qho khoom (box-shaped) qauv. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tsim, lub hauv paus thiab tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov khoom yog xam. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom txo tau cov nqi thiab ua tiav cov qauv ruaj khov hauv txhua qhov kev nyab xeeb.
