Rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus txhim khu kev qha, qee yam thev naus laus zis tau siv. Tab sis ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv pheej yig tshaj plaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws yog suav tias yog lub hauv paus ua los ntawm cov pob zeb tawg. Lub zog siab, tus nqi qis thiab cov txheej txheem tso yooj yim yog qhov zoo uas tau ua rau nws nrov hauv kev tsim kho ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem npaj nws tus kheej, tab sis qhov no koj yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov lus qhia kom meej kom qhov tshwm sim yog lub hauv paus zoo.
Cov kab lus yuav piav qhia txog txheej txheem ntawm kev tso lub pob zeb pob zeb, nrog rau sib tham txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov lus pom zoo rau kev txhim kho lub hauv paus ntawm hom no.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Qhov peculiarity ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm pob zeb pob zeb yog qhov tsim nyog siv pob zeb ntuj rau nws cov masonry. Cov khoom siv yuav tsum muaj zog, loj, tsis muaj chips thiab tawg. Butu suav nrog cov pob zeb thiab pob zeb hauv qab no:
- sandstone;
- bas alt;
- limestone;
- dolomite;
- granite;
- dense plhaub pob zeb;
- diorite.
TauTxhawm rau npaj lub pob zeb txhim khu kev qha nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum xub xyuas qhov zoo ntawm lub pob zeb: koj yuav tsum ntaus nws nrog rauj. Yog tias cov khoom siv hauv tsev muaj zog, ces nws yuav tsis tawg thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib lub rooj muag khoom cuav, cov duab thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg uas muaj qee qhov kev faib ua feem. Tab sis cov khoom siv raw li no tau siv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, thiab lawv tsis tshua siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus.
Ua ntej pib kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov qib zoo ntawm pob zeb thiab pob zeb. Txhawm rau txo tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho, nws raug nquahu kom yuav cov khoom siv hauv cov khw muag khoom uas xa cov khoom siv raw los ntawm qhov chaw deb: thauj cov pob zeb ntuj yog kim. Thaum tsim, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias qhov dav ntawm lub hauv paus yuav tsum yog 10 centimeters loj dua cov phab ntsa sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum paub: nws yog qhov zoo dua los tsim kom muaj lub hauv paus zoo rau hauv av.
Kev xaiv pob zeb pob zeb
Kev xaiv cov khoom zoo yog ib theem tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim lub hauv paus. Cov pob zeb pob zeb yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov pob zeb nrog cov npoo tawg, vim cov pob zeb sib npaug yuav tsis teeb tsa zoo nrog cov tshuaj khib. Masters pom zoo siv tib cov ntaub ntawv raw nrog qhov ntau thiab tsawg:
- length - 30cm;
- dav - 20 cm.
Lub rooj muag khoom yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov, txawm li cas los xij, thaum xaiv nws, cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account:
- Siv cov pob zeb me me yuav ua rau kev noj cov pob zeb ua pob zeb ntau dua, thiab cov pob zeb loj dhau yuav txo qis kev ruaj ntsegthaj av. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav cov khoom buta, qhov zoo tshaj qhov ntau thiab tsawg uas tau muab ua ntej.
- Tsis txhob siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev: nws tsis ua raws li qhov sib xyaw ua ke zoo.
- Nws txwv tsis pub tsim lub hauv paus ntawm pob zeb uas pom qhov tsis xws luag, vim qhov tshwm sim yuav yog lub hauv paus tsis ruaj khov.
Tab sis muaj qee qhov kev ua yuam kev thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv ntuj no: kom zoo dua adhesion rau mortar, cobblestones yuav tsum tau moistened.
Scope ntawm rubble pob zeb
Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tsim kho cov chaw qis qis uas yuav nyob rau hauv av. Ua ntej koj pib tsim lub tsev, koj yuav tsum ua ib qho kev tshuaj ntsuam av ntawm qhov chaw.
Ntawm loess-zoo li loams thiab clayey av, nws yuav tsum tau npaj ib tug columnar pob zeb foundation, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yog tsim nyog los tsa lub tsev saum toj no theem dej hauv av thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm dej nyab. Tsis tas li ntawd, steel reinforcement los yog mesh yuav tsum tau mounted.
Cov no yog cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm cov pob zeb tawg. Qhov peculiarity ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias lub pob zeb yuav siv tshav kub los ntawm cov tshuaj, yog li ntawd nws yog zoo dua mus ua hauj lwm thaum huab cua sov sab nraum.
Rubbed qhob puag: zoo
Lub hauv paus no yog xyaum ua ib daim qauv ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke. Feem ntau, lub hauv paus ntawm buta yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib daim kab xev, thiab nws qhov zoo muaj xws li cov nram qab no kev tsis:
- ib puag ncig;
- muaj zog thiab kav ntev;
- zoo nkauj sab nrauvsaib ua tsaug rau kev siv pob zeb ntuj;
- siab noo noo;
- tus nqi qis (tsis xav yuav steel rebar);
- ua haujlwm zoo rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw nruj thiab qhov kub thiab txias;
- muaj peev xwm thauj khoom ntawm ntau lub tsev;
- koj tuaj yeem tsim lub hauv paus koj tus kheej yam tsis tas siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
Tab sis qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm lub hauv paus no yog lub pob zeb yog cov khoom siv ntuj tsim, ua tsaug rau lub hauv paus txhim khu kev qha yuav tau txais.
Flaws
Lub hauv paus pob zeb tsis yog lub hauv paus zoo tshaj plaws, yog li nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv tsis txaus, kom meej:
- Lub tsev yuav tsis khaws cua sov zoo vim qhov nyiam ntawm lub hauv paus kom khov rau lub caij ntuj no. Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov teeb meem no, koj yuav tsum npog lub hauv paus nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (piv txwv li, cov ntaub plaub ntxhia, cov av nplaum nthuav dav lossis nthuav dav polystyrene), thiab tom qab ntawd veneer thiab ua rau thaj chaw dig muag.
- Kev siv zog ua haujlwm siab - cov pob zeb yuav tsum tau muab cais thiab npaj manually, yog li cov neeg tsim kho pom zoo kom siv cov pob zeb ua pob zeb rau kev tsim cov hauv paus me me.
- Rau kev tsim kho vaj tse ntau-storey, lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog.
- Nws tuaj yeem npaj lub hauv paus pob zeb tsuas yog tias qhov kub sab nraud tsis qis dua 5 ° C. Txwv tsis pub, lub mortar tsuas tsis muaj sij hawm los ua kom tawv, thiab qhov no yuav ua rau muaj qhov tseeb tias cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev yuav tawg lub sijhawm.
Kaws qhov chaw thiab npaj lub qhov
Tsim koj tus kheej lub hauv paus yog ib qho yooj yim. Txhawm rau ua cov haujlwm no, koj yuav xav tau cov cuab yeej hauv qab no:
- shovel;
- theem tsev;
- pummet;
- trowel;
- rauj;
- roulette.
Ua ntej koj nchuav lub hauv paus, koj yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas cov av ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho. Cov qib dej hauv av thiab qhov tob ntawm qhov khov ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau kawm thiab suav nrog hauv cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum xam cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub hauv paus, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub loads ib ntus thiab qhov loj ntawm cov khoom tiav.
Cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb muaj cov kev npaj npaj hauv qab no:
- Ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho ntawm cov khib nyiab, nroj tsuag thiab lwm yam khoom txawv teb chaws.
- Tshem tawm cov txheej txheem fertile, uas paub tias yog 15 cm tuab. Yog tias cov kauj ruam no tsis saib xyuas, cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav rot dhau sijhawm thiab lwj cov txheej txheem kawg ntawm cov av hauv tsev.
- Kim lub xaib: teem lub pegs rau hauv qhov chaw cim hauv qhov project, thiab tom qab ntawd ncab ib txoj hlua lossis nylon xov ntawm lawv.
- Khawb ib lub trench 20 cm tob hauv qab qhov chaw khov ntawm cov av ntawm qhov chaw, thaum qhov dav ntawm qhov kwj yuav tsum yog 10 cm loj dua lub hauv paus nws tus kheej.
- Muab xuab zeb thiab gravel rau hauv qab, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam moisten thiab compact lub resulting txheej, lub thickness yuav tsum yog 20-30 cm.
- Muab cov khoom vov tsev rau ntawm cov xuab zeb cushion li nokom cov ntaub ntawv waterproofing mus rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub trench los ntawm 15-20 cm
Txhua txoj haujlwm yooj yim ua ntawm koj tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem ntiav excavator los khawb ib lub trench, thiab nws yog qhov zoo dua los cog cov av nrog cov phaj vibrating.
Kev npaj mortar
Cov sib tov rau pouring yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 1: 3: 1, qhov twg thawj tus nqi yog cement qib M500 (koj tuaj yeem siv tsawg kawg yog M300), qhov thib ob yog dej xuab zeb nruab nrab, thiab thib peb yog gravel zoo.
Cov khoom xyaw yuav tsum tau muab sib xyaw kom zoo, thiab tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv dej rau qhov ua tau zoo. Qhov tshwm sim yuav tsum yog lub pob zeb tsis tuab heev, uas yuav tsum tau nchuav rau hauv lub trench thiab qhov khoob ntawm cov pob zeb.
Formwork installation
Daim ntawv yuav tsum tau mounted nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas nws yog dav dua li lub pob zeb pob zeb pob zeb tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub formwork yuav tsum protrude yam tsawg kawg yog 25 cm saum toj no hauv av, cov phab ntsa yuav tsum tau ntsia qhov kawg-rau-kawg kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv los ntawm qhov uas cov pob zeb tov tuaj yeem ntws tawm.
Qhov saum toj-hauv av ntawm formwork yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog nrog cov khoom ua los ntawm cov ceg ntoo. Cov kws tshaj lij kuj pom zoo kom rub cov phab ntsa ntawm cov qauv ua ke nrog crossbars, uas yuav tsum tau txuas nrog tus kheej tapping screws. Tab sis muaj lwm qhov tseem ceeb: cov pob zeb yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov deb me me ntawm cov laug cam.
Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias muaj av ntom ntom ntawm qhov chaw, ces koj tsis tuaj yeem tsim formwork. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov phab ntsa ntawm lub trench yuav tsum tau ua txawm, thiab ces them nrog ru tsev.
Rubber pob zeb hauv paus: cov lus qhia kev tsim kho
Lub hauv paus no tsis tas yuav ntxiv dag zog, txij li lub pob zeb ntuj twb muab kev ruaj ntseg. Txhawm rau tsim lub hauv paus, koj yuav tsum ua cov hauv qab no:
- Tshuaj pob zeb tawg nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw trench npaj. Qhov no yuav tsis tsuas txo cov nqi zog, tab sis kuj ua kom cov txheej txheem tsim kho kom nrawm dua.
- Muab cov mortar rau hauv kwj dej (cov txheej no yuav tsum yog 25 cm).
- Tso cov pob zeb kom deb li 5 cm ntawm phab ntsa formwork, qhov deb ntawm cov pob zeb yuav tsum yog tib yam. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso cov pob zeb thawj txheej nrog cov npoo me ntsis: lawv yuav tsis ua rau cov khoom siv vov tsev puas.
- Re-pob ib txheej ntawm pob zeb, lub thickness ntawm yuav tsum yog 25 cm. Yuav tsum tsis muaj voids thiab lumps nyob rau hauv lub mortar, thiab yog hais tias muaj, cov sib tov yuav tsum tau compacted nrog ib tug tov khoom.
- Cov lus piav qhia yuav tsum hloov mus txog thaum qhov siab yuav tsum ncav cuag.
Yog koj ua raws li cov cuab yeej yooj yim no, lub hauv paus pob zeb yuav muaj zog.
rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub hauv paus
Txhawm rau ua cov haujlwm no, koj yuav tsum tau sheathe lub hauv paus ob sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog rau cov txheej txheem no, kev tsim kho hauv qab daus ntawm lub tsev yog ua tiav. Yuav kom insulate lub pob zeb pob zeb, koj yuav tsum tau sheathe los ntawm sab nraud nrog polystyrene ua npuas ncauj. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ua ntej, av thiab hmoov av yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus. Tom qab koj yuav tsum tau nruab nws nyob rau hauv ob peb txheej nrog ib tug yobbitumen. Cov theem kawg yog gluing lub hauv paus sab nraud nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws kub uas tau hais.
Tiv thaiv lub tsev los ntawm Frost, lub plinth yuav tsum tau sheathed nrog ua npuas ncauj. Cov khoom no yuav tsum tau txuas nrog cov kua nplaum los yog mastic, thiab tom qab ntawd nws yog qhov tsim nyog los plaster cov qauv raws li daim phiaj xim.
Qee lub sij hawm cov neeg tsim khoom siv cov txheej txheem nyuaj los ua kom lub hauv paus zoo dua.
Zaj lus
Kev tsim lub hauv paus pob zeb yog ib qho yooj yim uas leej twg tuaj yeem ua tau. Zaj lus qhia yuav ua li cas. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog ua tib zoo kawm cov lus qhia thiab ua kom raug suav ua ntej. Txawm tias tus pib tsim, uas muaj tag nrho cov cuab yeej tsim nyog thiab cov khoom tsim hauv nws cov khoom muag, yuav tiv nrog txoj haujlwm no.
