Hnav tsis kam, noo noo, kev zoo nkauj, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg tau yog cov khoom uas koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau yog tias koj xav tau cov khoom siv hauv pem teb. Linoleum yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo. Tab sis muaj ntau yam ntawm cov khoom no nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, yog li koj yuav tsum kawm nws cov yam ntxwv nyob rau hauv ntau yam nthuav dav. Yog tias cov lus nug tshwm sim ntawm yuav ua li cas xaiv linoleum, kev faib tawm ntawm cov txheej no tau muab rau hauv kab lus no.
Technical Properties
Ua ntej yuav linoleum, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov nram qab no tsis: yob ntev, tiv thaiv txheej thickness, hnav tsis kam thiab lub sij hawm lav. Cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia zoo nkauj zoo nkauj rau 10-15 xyoo, tab sis qhov ntsuas no nyob ntawm hom tsev, vim nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tej yam kev mob nws yuav deteriorate sai dua li cov khoom nteg nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev nyob.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm linoleum suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- density;
- hnav khaub ncaws;
- flammability thiab toxicity;
- tshav kub thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev;
- moisture resistance;
- tawm tsam cov tshuaj phem;
- tiv thaiv txheej tuab;
- muaj tshuaj tua kab mob;
- ua kom tawg.
khoom cim
Thaum yuav khoom, tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum muab daim ntawv pov thawj uas lees paub nws qhov zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog qhov hluav taws kub ntawm linoleum, txij li cov tuam ntxhab yuav tsum tau sau lawv cov khoom. Cov rooj sib txoos hauv qab no yuav tsum raug cim:
- rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev - cov no yog GOSTs thiab TUs.
- khoom txawv teb chaws raug cim raws li European cov qauv zoo (EN).
Cov ntaub ntawv npog
Linoleum yog tsim nyob rau hauv kev lag luam siv cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub thiab cov cuab yeej siv tshuab. Cov ntaub ntawv ntseeg tau thiab tsis muaj mob yog siv rau nws cov khoom siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov chaw tsim khoom kho cov khoom siv tshuaj tua kab mob.
Kev faib tawm niaj hnub ntawm linoleum los ntawm hom zaj duab xis qub suav nrog tsib pawg:
- Natural material yog tsim los siv cov khoom xyaw ruaj khov xws li ntoo thuv resin, ntoo hmoov, roj linseed thiab limestone hmoov. Xws li cov khoom tsis ploj thiab tsis hloov xim thaum lub sij hawm, ntxiv rau, nws tiv taus alkalis, rog thiab acids. Qhov no yog cov khoom siv nyab xeeb, yog li lawv npog cov plag tsev hauv cov menyuam yaus chav.
- PVC-linoleum (polyvinyl chloride) yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub, ua npuas ncauj thiab tsis-woven hauv paus. Ib sabmuaj kev xaiv tsis muaj hauv paus, ib leeg lossis ntau txheej.
- Roj hmab ob-txheej txheej (relin), txheej qis uas muaj cov ntoo crushed (sawdust, shavings, ntoo chips), thiab txheej sab sauv ntawm cov xim roj hmab. High noo noo tsis kam, lub zog thiab elasticity yog qhov zoo ntawm hom linoleum. Txawm li cas los xij, dhau sij hawm, cov khoom siv pib tso tawm cov khoom tsis zoo, yog li nws tsis siv hauv thaj chaw nyob. Tab sis rau cov tsev lag luam - qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, txij li cov relin tiv taus cov teeb meem reagents.
- Colloxylin linoleum yog cov khoom siv nyias yam tsis muaj lub hauv paus, qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov kub hnyiab. Vim li no, nws txwv tsis pub npog lawv nrog cov plag tsev ntoo hauv chav nrog cov khoom tawg.
- Glyphthal txheej yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov xim xim thiab alkyd resins. Thov nco ntsoov thaum tso: cov khoom yuav txo qis lub sijhawm.
Cov no yog hom tseem ceeb ntawm linoleum kev faib tawm los ntawm kev sib xyaw. Raws li txoj cai, cov txheej txheem ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim thiab PVC yog siv rau hauv kev tsim kho, txij li thawj cov khoom lag luam yuav zoo ib puag ncig, thiab qhov thib ob yuav pheej yig thiab zoo.
PVC Linoleum Structure
Nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv no, txheej txheej tuaj yeem yog ob hom:
Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg;
Homogeneous khoom - ib txheej txheej 2 hli tuab, hauv kev tsim cov dyes thiab PVC granules yog siv. Cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub pua tsev zoo li no yuav nyob twj ywm rau lub sijhawm ntev.lub sij hawm raws li nws permeates tag nrho cov txheej. Xws li linoleum rov qab los ntawm kev sib tsoo, thaum tshem tawm txog 10% ntawm cov khoom tuab.
Siv homogeneous yob txheej hauv cov chav uas hnyav hnyav thiab hauv cov tsev uas siv lub rooj zaum muaj log lossis lub laub. Qhov qis dua qhov tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm cov khoom, ntau PVC nws muaj, thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov khoom twb nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas no. Lub npog hauv pem teb yuav ua kom nws zoo nkauj rau li 25 xyoo.
Heterogeneous linoleum yog cov khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb 6 hli tuab. Sab saum toj txheej yog ua los ntawm ntshiab PVC, uas yog ntxiv nrog polyurethane thiaj li yuav ua rau kom hnav tsis kam. Lub substrate yog ib tug natural fabric, foamed polyvinyl chloride los yog non-woven fiber. Cov txheej hniav yog tsim los ntawm cov xim rau txhua tus saj.
Scope of application
Kev faib tawm ntawm linoleum los ntawm daim ntawv thov yog raws li hauv qab no:
- tsev neeg saib.
- Kev lag luam (kev lag luam).
- Specialized.
- Semi-commerce.
Tsev yob txheej muaj lub thickness ntawm 1 mus rau 4 hli. Ntau yam xim thiab qauv, softness, yooj yim installation thiab tus nqi qis yog qhov zoo vim tias cov khoom siv no nrov heev hauv kev tsim kho. Txawm li cas los xij, xws li txheej hauv qab hnyav yuav deteriorate nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos.
Kev lag luam linoleum yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov nrog cov txheej tiv thaiv tuab. Lawv npog hauv pem teb hauv tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev hauv tsev, tsev kho mob lossis chaw seev cev. Khoom lub neejmuaj hnub nyoog 10 txog 20 xyoo.
Kev faib tawm ntawm linoleum los ntawm hom tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Txheej nrog txheej tiv thaiv rau cov chaw ua kis las. Cov khoom zoo li no muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua los ntawm kev sib kis thiab muaj cov chav kawm hnyav hnyav.
- Anti-slip linoleum nrog lub ntsej muag corrugated. Cov khoom lag luam yog tsim nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm quartz chips.
- Roll sheeting, uas muaj cov khoom siv suab nrov, yog siv rau hauv pem teb hauv chav kaw suab.
- Cov khoom lag luam nrog cov kab mob tshwj xeeb siv hauv tsev kho mob thiab chaw muag tshuaj.
Abrasion ntawm linoleum
Qhov kev ntsuas no yog qhov qhia tau zoo ntawm qhov ntev npaum li cas ntawm cov txheej txheej saum toj kawg nkaus yuav plam nws qhov zoo li qub. Thaum muas, koj yuav tsum xav txog kev faib tawm ntawm linoleum los ntawm qib ntawm kev puas tsuaj, uas tau muab faib ua 4 yam tseem ceeb:
- Pab T yog pawg ruaj khov tshaj plaws.
- P - me ntsis abraded linoleum.
- M - cov ntaub ntawv uas raug puas ntsoog.
- F - txheej uas deteriorate sai tshaj plaws.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub: qib ntawm kev puas tsuaj nyob ntawm qhov tuab thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm linoleum, thiab hnav tsis kam - ntawm qhov loj ntawm tag nrho cov txheej. Qhov thib ob parameter yuav tau tham nyob rau hauv kom meej ntxiv.
Kev faib tawm ntawm linoleum los ntawm kev hnav tsis kam
Cov khoom yuav tsum tau yuav suav nrog hom chav tsev uas nws yuav siv los ua cov ntaub pua tsev. Cov khoom yog raug rau txhua yam kev nyuaj siab thaum ua haujlwm.kev ua si xws li txav rooj tog thiab taug kev yooj yim.
Kev hnav tsis kam ntawm cov txheej txheej yog txiav txim siab siv European system EN 685. Kev faib tawm ntawm linoleum hom nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no muaj ob tus lej, thawj tus lej uas qhia txog chav tsev, lossis ntau dua:
- 2 - cov tsev nyob (chav tsev, tsev ntiav, tsev so, tsev so);
- 3 - chaw ua haujlwm thiab thaj chaw pej xeem (tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kawm, tsev kho mob, thiab lwm yam);
- 4 - cov chaw tsim khoom, nrog rau cov chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau, tshav dav hlau, subways thiab lwm qhov chaw uas muaj coob tus neeg tuaj koom tib lub sijhawm.
Tus lej thib ob yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev thauj khoom:
- 1 - qis;
- 2 - nruab nrab load;
- 3 - khaus;
- 4 - siab heev.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom paub lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lej no kom nkag siab qhov kev faib tawm ntawm linoleum rau hnav tsis kam. Tsis tas li ntawd, siv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov khoom xav tau, suav nrog hom chav tsev thiab qib ntawm kev thauj khoom hauv pem teb.
Linoleum hluav taws kev nyab xeeb kev ua haujlwm
Yog tias cov hauv pem teb npog hauv lub tsev lag luam yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no, ces tus tswv ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom lees paub nws qhov zoo. Kev faib hluav taws kev nyab xeeb ntawm linoleum suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Lub combustibility ntawm cov khoom (G) yog ib qho tseem ceeb yam ntxwv, txij li thaum ib yam khoom uas muaj ib tug qhia ntawm G1 tuaj yeem tso rau hauv cov chaw ua lag luam thiab cov chaw uas tsim los khiav tawm cov neeg thaum muaj hluav taws. Tab sis heev combustible linoleum(D4) txwv tsis pub siv rau hauv kev tsim vaj tse pej xeem.
- Toxicity (T) - ib qho kev ntsuas uas koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb muaj pes tsawg cov khoom tsim kev puas tsuaj uas hlawv cov khoom tawm. Cov yam ntxwv no txawv ntawm qhov tsis muaj tshuaj lom (T1) mus rau siab toxicity (T4) linoleum. Ntawm cov ntaiv khiav tawm thiab cov platforms, txheej txheej nrog cov yam ntxwv tsis pub ntau tshaj T2 tau tso.
- Ignition (B) - qhov taw qhia ntawm cov khoom muaj peev xwm hlawv dab tsi. Qhov qis dua, qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm linoleum.
- Smoke generation (D) - tus yam ntxwv uas txiav txim siab seb cov pa taws yuav nyob hauv hluav taws ntau npaum li cas. Muaj peb txoj kev xaiv ntawm no, yog li tus lej me me hauv qhov no yog qhov qhia txog cov khoom siv nyab xeeb.
- Nplaim kis tus nqi (RP) yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj RP2 thaum txhim kho pem teb hauv ib lub tsev pej xeem.
Linoleum tau pom zoo kom muab tso rau ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nplaum, vim nws tsis muaj cov kuab tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov tuam txhab tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb uas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo dua qub.
linoleum thickness
Qhov ntsuas no nyob ntawm qhov zoo thiab cov qauv ntawm cov khoom. Lub thickness ntawm niaj hnub txheej yog feem ntau 2-3.5 hli. Thicker xaiv muaj lub zog tsawg, yog li cov khoom zoo li no tsis tau tsim.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej nyob ntawm lub thickness ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, tab sis qhov loj me ntawm kev tiv thaiv txheej yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account.
Kev faib tawm ntawm linoleum los ntawm tuab muaj xws livariations:
- Nyias yob txheej - cov khoom siv 1-2 hli tuab nrog txheej tiv thaiv, qhov ntev ntawm 0.15 txog 0.2 hli. Cov rooj tog hnyav yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau ntawm cov khoom zoo li no.
- Cov txheej txheem nruab nrab yog 2-3 hli tuab nrog txheej txheej saum toj tshaj 0.3 hli. Cov plag tsev hauv txoj kev hauv tsev lossis hauv tsev yog pw nrog cov khoom no.
- Thick linoleum - cov txheej txheem yob ruaj khov, lub thickness yog li 3.5 hli. Cov khoom no tiv taus lub sijhawm ntev, thaum nws txheej pem hauv ntej tsis deformed.
Nws pom zoo kom nteg 3 hli pem teb hauv tsev.
Linoleum Dav
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom sib cais, koj yuav tsum yuav cov khoom uas nws qhov ntev sib haum rau qhov ntev ntawm chav tsev. Nyob ntawm qhov dav, kev faib tawm ntawm linoleum yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Alkyd ib xim lossis cov khoom siv zoo nkauj yog muag hauv yob nrog qhov dav ntawm 2 txog 4 m.
- Multilayer PVC linoleum yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1.5-4 meters.
- Relin tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim thiab ntau xim, thiab lub khw muag khoom muag muag rolls ntawm 1 txog 1.6 m.
YAntistatic linoleum
Cov khoom siv no yog cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws rau cov chav uas muaj ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm. Cov khoom siv qee zaum ignite vim muaj plua plav buildup, uas yog vim li cas linoleum muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv zoo li qub.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog qhov muaj peev xwm nteg cov plag tsev hauv cov chav uas muaj cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm siab. Cov khoom zoo li no txhim khu kev qha, tab sisnws cov nqi ntau dua li lwm hom khoom.
In xaus
Cov kab lus nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom uas koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab yam xav tau ntawm yob txheej raws li kev faib tawm ntawm linoleum. Qhov tseem ceeb yog ua tib zoo kawm cov kev cai thiab cov lus pom zoo kom tsis txhob nkim nyiaj, txij li qee hom linoleum yuav tsum tau yuav rau txhua hom tsev. Qhov no yog cov khoom siv nrov, yog li xaiv cov khoom tsim nyog yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj teeb meem.
