Etching ntawm aluminium (cov khoom ua los ntawm cov hlau no) yog ua los txhawm rau txhawm rau ntxuav nws saum npoo, txheej txheej tsis tsim nyog lossis los ntawm xeb. Kuj tseem muaj ntau yam ntawm nws - kos duab etching, thaum nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los kos tus qauv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau.
Nyob ntawm pickling
Etching ntawm cov hlau feem ntau thiab txhuas tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem yog ob hom tseem ceeb: tshuaj thiab galvanic. Txoj kev kawg tsuas yog kev kos duab xwb.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj: cov khoom yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub taub ntim rau hauv uas ib tug tov ntawm hydrochloric los yog sulfuric acid yog thawj poured. Ib yam li ntawd, ib qho txhuas ntawv txhuas yog etched nrog alkali, xws li caustic soda.
Thiab galvanic (lwm yam - electrolytic lossis electrochemical) yog vim lub roj teeb hluav taws xob. Cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb da dej, qhov twg muaj ib tug anode thiab ib tug cathode.
Tom ntej no, txhua txoj kev etching txhuas yuav tau tham kom ntxaws ntxiv. Peb kuj paub qhov twgtxoj kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws hauv tsev.
Aluminium etching nrog acid
Vim qhov tseeb tias cov kua qaub muaj zog heev tau siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, nws yog thawj zaug uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kev ceev faj ntxiv thaum ua haujlwm nrog lawv. Tus neeg teb xov tooj yuav tsum hnav hnab looj tes, daim npog qhov ncauj, apron. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov chav uas cov txheej txheem yuav siv qhov chaw yog zoo ventilated. Nws tsis pom zoo kom ua haujlwm nrog cov kua qaub yam tsis muaj kev txawj ntse thiab tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv.
Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, cov khoom siv txhuas tau muab tso rau hauv lub thawv nrog kua qaub. Feem ntau, cov nram qab no reagents yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj etching ntawm txhuas nrog acid: hydrochloric los yog sulfuric acid. Thaum lawv cuam tshuam nrog hlau, hydrogen raug tso tawm. Outwardly, nws zoo li qhov no: qhov saum npoo ntawm cov khoom yog them nrog cov npuas me me. Tab sis, hauv txoj cai, qhov no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom xyaw tshwj xeeb rau lub thawv ua ntej. Yog li, cov hlau yuav raug tiv thaiv los ntawm npuas los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab thinnest.
Ib qho tseem ceeb heev: txhua txoj haujlwm rau etching ib qho khoom siv txhuas nrog cov kua qaub yuav tsum tau ua kom nruj kom cov hlau nto nws tus kheej tseem nyob ruaj khov.
Txoj kev piav qhia yog pom zoo kom nqa tawm hauv cov thawv ua los ntawm ntoo lossis pob zeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws sab hauv yuav tsum tau muab cov vuas acid-resistant kom cov phab ntsa ntawm lub thawv tsis corrode.
Txoj kev no tsis siv ntau zaus hauv kev xyaum.
Feem ntau txoj kev no siv cov tshuaj aqueous ntawm caustic soda(muaj nrog lossis tsis muaj tshuaj ntxiv).
Thiab nws yog siv los ntxuav qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv txhuas los ntawm oxide lossis cov roj uas tsis tsim nyog thiab tau txais ib qho smoother (matte lossis glossy) nto.
Vim li cas koj yuav tsum ntxuav kom huv si? Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom tiav (piv txwv li, cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj, plaques) muaj qhov zoo tagnrho. Thiab kuj txoj kev no yog siv rau kev sib sib zog nqus engraving.
Txoj kev ntawm etching aluminium nrog alkali, ntawm ib sab, pheej yig heev, tab sis nws nyuaj heev.
Txoj kev ntawm txoj kev no
Cov kev daws teeb meem siv muaj plaub mus rau kaum feem pua sodium. Qhov kub rau alkali pickling yog kwv yees li 40-90 degrees Celsius.
Yog tias tsim nyog, siv cov tshuaj moisturizer lossis tshwj xeeb ntxiv kom ua tiav lub teeb foamy tiav ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
Qhov nruab nrab kub ntawm qhov siab ntawm cov txheej txheem yog rau caum degrees. Nws yog nrog xws li thermal kev ua tau zoo uas ua tau zoo ntawm qhov chaw ntxuav.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws txhuas purity yog 99.5%, thiab cov concentration ntawm caustic soda tov yog 10, 15, lossis 20%.
Yog li, thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, txhuas yaj nyob rau hauv caustic soda, thiab hydrogen tawm. Yog li ntawd, ib qho kev sib xyaw aluminate yog tsim, thiab nws tsuas muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj alkali xwb.
Cov txheej txheem ntxiv tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm alkali etching
Thaum tus txheej txheem nomaj mam tus nqi ntawm caustic soda ua tsawg. Thiab yog li qhov ceev ntawm cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej txo qis, tab sis cov viscosity nce.
Muab tias tsis muaj cov dej qab ntsev ntxiv rau hauv lub thawv txhua, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem qeeb heev. Tab sis thaum kawg, ib qho xim av los yog ntshiab aluminium pickling tov hloov dawb.
Thiab txij li tam sim no, qhov nrawm ntawm cov txheej txheem nce.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, alumina hydrate precipitates, uas zoo li raug ncua. Thiab tseem muaj cov dej qab zib caustic raug tso tawm, uas tseem tsim nyog rau cov txheej txheem etching txuas ntxiv.
Kev tshwm sim nrog txoj kev txiav txim siab
Nws tau sim sau tseg tias kev daws ntawm caustic soda nrog nws siv ntau hauv cov txheej txheem etching pib "nqus" txhuas. Thiab qhov no tshwm sim kom txog thaum tus nqi ntawm caustic soda txo mus rau ib feem plaub ntawm thawj ntim. Thiab tom qab ntawd, cov txheej txheem yuav txuas ntxiv nrog dawb caustic soda, hloov pauv ntawm nws qhov ntau. Thiab qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, zaus ntawm kev siv thiab siv ntawm nres (pauses).
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub hydrate yuav maj mam nyob los yog tsim muaju nyob rau hauv qab thiab / los yog ob sab ntawm lub thawv. Lub resulting hydrate yuav tuab heev, thiab nws yuav tsis yooj yim tshem nws. Qee lub sij hawm nws sim khom txoj cai ntawm cov cua sov coils.
Muaj lwm qhov tseem ceeb hais txog cov ntsiab lus txhuas. Thaum lub sij hawm pickling ntawm cov khoom los ntawm cov hlau no nyob rau hauv caustic soda, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum nruj me ntsis soj ntsuamaluminium rau sodium ratio. Vim tias qhov txhuas muaj ntau dua, cov txheej txheem yuav qeeb qeeb. Los ntawm qhov ua tau zoo, nws tau pom tseeb tias nws yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv ntawm cov dej qab zib caustic raws li tus nqi ntawm txhuas hauv lub thawv nce.
Yog li, cov txheej txheem ntawm etching aluminium nrog alkali tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus. Thiab qhov poob ntawm caustic soda yuav tshwm sim tsuas yog vim nws entrainment nrog chav.
Txoj kev no yeej siv tau tiag tiag ntawm kev xyaum. Tab sis muaj ob peb nuances uas yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab: los ntawm lub sij hawm mus rau lub sij hawm tshem tawm cov hardened hydrate sediment; ntxuav lub lim; Nco ntsoov tias lub peev xwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tau ua, nrog rau kev siv tas li, tuaj yeem nyob tsis pub dhau ob xyoos.
Thiab lwm yam, tsis muaj teeb meem txog kev siv txoj kev no tau raug txheeb xyuas.
Tag nrho, tom qab cov tshuaj etching ntawm ib qho txhuas txhuas, nws qhov chaw yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom huv si, neutralized thiab clarified nrog 15-20% nitric acid tov. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua decapitation.
Galvanic method
Txoj kev etching thib ob yog galvanic. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua thiab nrawm dua hauv lub sijhawm. Thiab qhov tshwm sim yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom, meej contours ntawm tus qauv (nrog rau txoj kev kos duab, raws li ntau yam galvanic).
Qhov peculiarity ntawm txoj kev no yog tias nws siv lub zog hluav taws xob (4-5 V).
Koj tseem yuav xav tau lub tub loj txaus kom haum rau cov khoom txhuas. khoom, los ntawmuas da dej yog tsim yuav tsum yog ib tug dielectric. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm aluminium pickling da dej yog ib qho kev daws ntawm tooj liab sulphate thiab ntsev ntau.
Ua ntej pib txheej txheem, lub workpiece yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab degreased. Tom ntej no, solder ib tug tooj liab hlau rau cov khoom nrog tin thiab txo nws mus rau hauv ib tug tov ntawm caustic soda, thiab ces mus rau hauv ib tug daws ntawm sulfuric acid. Tom qab 2 feeb, tshem tawm thiab yaug hauv qab dej kub. Nws txwv tsis pub kov cov khoom tam sim no.
Yog tias qee qhov ntawm lub workpiece tsis tas yuav tsum tau etched, mastic yog siv rau lawv. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem pib txheej txheem nws tus kheej.
Txoj kev no siv ob qhov kev txhawb nqa, uas yuav tsum tau txuas nrog lub anode (tus nqi zoo) thiab cathode (tsis zoo) ntawm lub zog. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov kev txhawb nqa no nyob thoob plaws lub tub. Ib daim ntawv ntawm txhuas yog txuas nrog rau kev txhawb nqa nrog ib qho anode, thiab ib daim ntawv ntawm lwm cov hlau txuas rau qhov thib ob.
Txhua yam no tau txo qis rau hauv da dej thiab laus rau qee lub sijhawm. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog ntxuav nrog turpentine thiab ua tiav los ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab polishing.
hom galvanic hom no yog qhov nrov heev tam sim no. Nrog nws, koj tuaj yeem ua tus sau cov duab kos, kos duab kos duab, kos duab kos duab, kos duab ntawm cov hlau dawb.
Thiab qhov tshwm sim yog qhov pom tseeb, kos duab zoo nkauj heev. Yog li hais, tus sau txoj haujlwm, uas koj tuaj yeem khaws lossis muab.
Daim duab qub tuaj yeem kos los ntawm koj tus kheej lossis luam tawm(siv lub tshuab luam ntawv laser) ntawm daim ntawv. Tom ntej no, muab daim nplaum nplaum rau ntawm qhov chaw thiab ntxuav cov ntawv nrog dej kub. Yog li ntawd, cov duab yuav tsum nyob twj ywm rau ntawm daim kab xev nplaum. Cia kom qhuav. Nyob rau hauv lub meantime, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los npaj lub nto ntawm cov hlau uas yuav siv tau - degrease nws nrog cawv.
Tom qab ntawd lo nplaum daim kab xev nrog cov qauv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, thaum tso cov pa npuas hauv qab nws. Cov kua nplaum ntau dhau thiab txhua yam tsis tsim nyog raug tshem tawm nrog lub qhov kub kub, tshwj tsis yog cov duab nws tus kheej.
Kev sib tw yog ua raws li qhov tau piav qhia saum toj no - galvanic.
Kev ceev faj: cov txheej txheem no yuav tso cov pa phem, yog li nws zoo dua rau tib neeg tawm hauv chav.
Yog li, aluminium etching hauv tsev yog qhov ua tau. Tsuas yog nco ntsoov ua raws txhua qhov kev ceev faj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws!
