Keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm architecture ntawm thaj chaw ntawm niaj hnub Russia tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Thawj theem yog ntoo thiab pob zeb architecture yos rov qab mus rau 15th-16th centuries. Qhov thib ob theem yog kev tsim kho kev lig kev cai ntawm 17th-19th centuries. Lub sijhawm thib peb yog lub xyoo pua 20th, plaub yog tam sim no.
Social Housing: communal apartments
Thaum lub sijhawm tsim lub zog Soviet, kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab pej xeem cov chaw tau hloov pauv ntau yam uas tsis tuaj yeem hu ua qhov zoo. Cov kws tsim vaj tsev tau coj qhov phem tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev uas twb muaj lawm los daws cov teeb meem vaj tsev, hloov nws mus rau qhov tshiab, txawm tias nyuaj dua qhov tseeb.
Nyob rau thaum ntxov nees nkaum xyoo pua XX, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Soviet Russia tsis xav txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua cov chaw nyob tshiab. Qhov teeb meem nrog rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pej xeem tau daws los ntawm qhov tsis zoo "kev sib sau ua ke" ntawm cov tsev nyob zoo tib yam, uas tom qab tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib tham.
Barracks
Hais txog tib lub sijhawm, xws li lo lus "barrack" tshwm nyob rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub ntawm ib tug neeg Soviet. Qhov no yog lwm qhov kev sim los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm los siv cov kev ua tiav ntawm lawv cov thawj coj, uas tau teeb tsa lub Hoobkas thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm barracks, thiab tsim lub tsev pheej yig. Nyob rau hauv xws li tsheeCov tsev neeg ntawm steelmakers, miners, turners, grinders, thiab lwm yam huddled nyob rau hauv lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub pre-revolutionary era.
Barrack yog lub tsev elongated rectangular, uas muaj ib pem teb. Cov chav nyob yog nyob rau ntawm ob sab ntawm txoj kev hauv tsev, uas stretches raws tag nrho cov barrack nyob rau hauv nws central ib feem. Muaj ib qho chaw ua noj nyob rau ntawm ib qho kawg ntawm lub tsev, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm lwm qhov.
Lub tsev pheeb suab yog lub tsev nyob ib ntus. Qhov ntawd yog li cas nws tau nthuav tawm rau cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm cov tuam txhab. Raws li tau npaj los ntawm "cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo", lub tsev barrack-type yuav tsum ua haujlwm tsis pub ntau tshaj tsib xyoos, ntau tshaj kaum xyoo. Qhov tseeb tiag, ntau tus neeg nyob hauv tau siv ntau tshaj peb xyoo caum hauv cov tub rog.
Pem hauv ntej
Nyob rau tsib caug ntawm lub xyoo pua XX, kev hloov pauv loj tau tshwm sim, uas tau tso cai rau ntau lab tus neeg ua haujlwm tawm hauv cov tub rog mus ib txhis. Nws tau dhau los ua qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, lub tebchaws tau pom kev tsim cov pob zeb ua vaj tse, los ntawm cov chaw nyob hauv ntau lub tsev tau tsim.
Nyob rau hauv kev sib piv rau chaotic barrack-hom kev loj hlob thiab compaction raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib hais haum xeeb, qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev tshiab raug rau ib tug nruj architectural txoj kev npaj.
Nws muaj kev cuam tshuam embankments, squares, txoj kev junctions, pej xeem vaj tse, tsev kawm ntawv, kev kho mob, kev ua si, kab lis kev cai thiab leisure.
Khrushchevs
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev txhim kho pem hauv ntej yog ib lub tsev muaj tsib-zaj tsev nyob. Nws tsis muaj elevator, thiab tsis muaj kev nplij siab. Tab sis muaj ntau pua ntawm cov chav nyob ntawm tes nrog kev ua kom huv huvnodes. Qhov siab ntawm lub qab nthab hauv lawv yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ua tau.
Ua tsaug rau Khrushchevs, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nyob zoo ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm Soviet uas tau tsiv mus rau cov tsev tshiab los ntawm hauv qab daus, cov chav tsev sib tham thiab cov tsev nyob.
Txoj kev teeb tsa ntawm lub quarters muab rau thaj chaw nyob ntawm qee tus naj npawb ntawm tsib-zaj tsev thiab ib qho pej xeem. Cov cheeb tsam pej xeem suav nrog cov tsev kawm ntawv dav dav, cov tsev kawm qib kindergartens, khw muag khoom noj thiab lwm qhov chaw hauv zej zog.
