Lub hauv paus dhuav nrog grillage yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov ntseeg tau tshaj plaws thiab tsis kim heev. Cov qauv zoo li no tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm nws tus kheej. Tau kawg, koj yuav tsum muaj lub tswv yim txog kev siv thev naus laus zis rau kev ua haujlwm zoo li no. Txhua qhov kev suav tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej. Peb mam li tham txog txhua yam no tom qab hauv kab lus.
puas tsim nyog npaj lub hauv paus dhuav
Lub hauv paus rau lub tsev ntawm hom no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv thaj chaw teeb meem - marshy lossis ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj. Ntawm cov av zoo tib yam, nws yuav pheej yig dua thiab yooj yim dua rau nruab ib lub hauv paus sawb. Ntawm unreliable heev, lub grillage yog ua slab. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, daim kab xev yog teem raws li qhov kawg. Tau kawg, thawj qhov kev xaiv yuav raug nqi ntau dua.
xov xwm ncej
Tau kawg, ua ntej yuav pib tsim cov qauv zoo li lub hauv paus dhuav, koj yuav tsum ua txhua qhov tsim nyog suav. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, lawv tau txiav txim siab nrog tus naj npawb ntawm kab. Qhov ntsuas no ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsev thiabproportional rau nws. Qhov thib ob qhov kev ntsuas uas txiav txim siab tus naj npawb ntawm cov ncej yuav tsum yog, qhov tseeb, lawv txoj kab uas hla. Qhov loj dua, cov pawg tsawg yuav xav tau. Yog li, ib tug ncej nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 300 hli tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hnyav ntawm 1700 kg. Cov pawg no tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom siv chopped, cobbled lossis thav duab vaj tse. Nyob rau hauv lub cib hnyav los yog dej nyab lub tsev, cov pawg muaj zog ntau dua yog ntsia - 500 hli txhua. Lawv muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov hnyav ntawm 5000 kg. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsev yav tom ntej yog tsim los ntawm qhov loj ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho. Yog li, nws tsis yooj yim los xam cov lej ntawm pawg. Tau kawg, qhov hnyav ntawm cov grillage yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau qhov tshwm sim.
Nrog cov kev suav kom raug, koj yuav tau txais lub hauv paus txhim khu kev qha. Bored pawg nrog grillage - lub hauv paus yog qhov ruaj khov. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau kom nws tig tawm zoo li no, koj kuj yuav tsum ua kom raug xam cov kauj ruam ntawm cov ncej. Thaum xaiv qhov kev ncua deb ntawm pawg, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj peb ntawm lawv txoj kab uas hla. Ntawd yog, piv txwv li, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov deb ntawm pawg ntawm 500 mm yog ib thiab ib nrab meters.
Xaiv grillage
Nws kuj yog ib qho yooj yim los xam cov tsis muaj daim kab xev ntawm xws li ib tug tsim raws li ib tug piled dhuav foundation. Nws qhov dav yuav tsum sib npaug ntawm qhov hla ntawm cov ncej. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum xaiv qhov kev xaiv no, xyuam xim rau lub thickness ntawm phab ntsa. Qhov dav ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg dua lawv los ntawm ntau tshaj 1/3. Lub axis ntawm daim kab xev yog nteg nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas nws coincides nrog lub axis ntawm phab ntsa. Yog hais tias tus qauv yog lub teeb, qhov siab ntawm grillage yuav tsummuab sib npaug rau nws qhov dav lossis me ntsis ntau dua. Xws li ib daim kab xev yog tsim rau lub hauv paus ntawm thav duab thiab log tsev. Qhov siab ntawm grillage rau cov tsev hnyav - cib lossis pob zeb - yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg dua 1.5 npaug ntawm nws qhov dav.
Xam txog kev txhawb nqa
Tau kawg, lub hauv paus dhuav nrog cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog cov hlau ncej. Qhov hnyav dua lub tsev thiab qhov ntau dua qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov pawg, qhov kev txhim kho ntau dua yuav tsum muaj kev ntseeg siab. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau tus ncej yog corrugated pas nrig 12 hli. Cov khoom ntawm cov kab me me rau lub hauv paus tsis tuaj yeem siv. Raws li SNiP, hlau nyob rau hauv daim kab xev yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 0.1% ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam. Kev txhawb zog yog knitted nrog ib txoj hlua tshwj xeeb. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau weld tus ncej rau lub hauv paus.
Pib tsim hauv tsev tsim
Yog li, kev suav ntawm lub hauv paus dhuav tiav. Tom ntej no yog kos nws cov duab kos. Qhov project yuav tsum suav nrog nws txoj kev npaj (saib saum toj kawg nkaus), nrog rau cov duab kos duab. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov duab kos, nws yog qhov nyuaj dua los ua yuam kev thaum tsim lub tsev. Txoj haujlwm tseem yuav tsum suav nrog lub phaj qhia tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev nchuav, lawv lub npe, yam ntxwv thiab ntau.
Yog li, txhua qhov kev suav ua tiav. Nws yog lub sijhawm los pib sau. Yav dhau los, nyob rau hauv lub dhuav lub hauv paus nrog ib tug grillage, cov cim yog ua. Hauv qhov no, txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws yog siv txoj kev "Egyptian" daim duab peb sab. Yav dhau los, ob lub ces kaum ntawm lub tsev yav tom ntej yog cim rau hauv av raws qhov ntevphab ntsa. Tom qab ntawd, siv txoj hlua khi khi rau ntawm nws (ntawm qhov deb ntawm 3, 4 thiab 5 m), pom ob lub ces kaum. Squareness yog kuaj los ntawm txoj kab pheeb ces kaum. Tom qab ntawd cov ceg txheem ntseeg tau tsav mus rau hauv cov ces kaum thiab txoj hlua rub tawm raws qhov contour ntawm lub hauv paus yav tom ntej los ntawm sab nraud thiab sab hauv. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau khij qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov yav tom ntej.
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov dhuav pawg yuav tsum tau npaj ua raws li qee cov cai. Qhov rau cov ncej yog drilled ntawm txhua lub ces kaum ntawm lub tsev, nrog rau ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv nws. Qhov tob ntawm pawg nyob ntawm theem ntawm cov av khov. Thaum tsim lub hauv paus rau lub tsev nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes, cov kws txawj pom zoo kom tob rau lawv los ntawm tsawg kawg yog 1.5-2 m. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, theem ntawm khov thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov dej hauv av feem ntau yuav dhau mus. Kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog lub vaj laum. Yog hais tias cov av nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam yog swampy, xuab zeb yuav tsum tau nchuav rau hauv qab ntawm lub pits nrog ib txheej ntawm tsawg kawg yog 5 cm tuab.
Txhim kho cov formwork ruaj khov thiab txhawb nqa
Yog li, lub qhov tau npaj txhij. Tom ntej no yog dab tsi? Ib qho ua-nws-koj tus kheej dhuav lub hauv paus nrog grillage feem ntau ua rau cov kav dej. Ntawm cov av xoob, cov khoom siv hlau yuav tsum tau siv hauv qab cov ncej. Rau cov tuab tuab, cov kav dej duab los qhia kuj tsim nyog, tab sis tsis ua tsis tiav impregnated nrog bituminous mastic los yog siv roj cav. Lawv cov asbestos-cement version kuj tau siv ntau zaus. Saum toj no hauv av, lub formwork yuav tsum sawv ntawm tib theem nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau. Thaum pouring hom ntawm lub hauv paus, nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias lub grillage yuav tsum tsis txhob dag rau hauv av los yog txawm kov nws. Qhov kev ncua deb mus rau nws hauv qab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov xuab zebav yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 5 cm, heaving - 10 cm.
Sai li lub formwork tau teeb tsa, cov tuav tuav tau qis rau hauv nws, txuas nrog cov hlau clamps hauv qhov nce ntawm ib meter. Nyob rau theem ntawm cov pawg, lawv yuav tsum sawv los ntawm 10-15 cm. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau txhawm rau ua ib pawg ntawm cov ncej txhawb nqa nrog grillage reinforcement.
Pob zeb
pob zeb sib tov rau cov dhuav pawg yog npaj los ntawm qib siab cement (zoo dua M400) thiab ntxhib sifted xuab zeb yam tsis muaj cov organic inclusions nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 1: 3. Tom qab nchuav ob peb lub thoob rau hauv cov yeeb nkab, nws yog pierced thiab tov nrog ib tug ceg txheem ntseeg los yog pas nrig kom tshem tawm cov voids. Qhov no yog ua tiav kom txog thaum lub formwork tiav lawm. Ntawm cov av txaus ntom ntom, cov kab uas txhawb nqa tuaj yeem daig ncaj qha rau hauv kev sib tov.
Screw piles
Yog xav tau, hauv peb lub sijhawm, cov nqi zog tuaj yeem txo qis kom ntau li ntau tau. Yog tias koj tsis xav siv sijhawm nchuav cov pob zeb rau hauv cov ncej, tsuas yog yuav npaj cov hlau ntsia hlau pawg. Koj tuaj yeem ntsia lawv rau hauv av yam tsis tas siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Tab sis, tau kawg, ntau tus neeg yuav tsum ua haujlwm. Feem ntau, ob tug neeg, tau muab cov crowbars rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm pawg, ntsia hlau rau hauv av. Tus neeg thib peb tswj cov theem ntawm nws qhov verticality. Tau kawg, txoj kev no tsuas siv tau rau thaj chaw uas tsis muaj pob zeb heev.
Rollage device
Lawv txuas ntxiv kev tsim kho ntawm cov qauv zoo li lub hauv paus dhuav nrog lub grillage, nrog lawv tus kheej testsim los ntawm pouring daim kab xev. Hauv qab nws, koj tuaj yeem ua ib qho formwork nrog hauv qab. Tab sis txij li cov grillage hauv cov hauv paus no feem ntau tsis siab dhau hauv av, koj tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim dua. Xuab zeb tsuas yog nchuav rau hauv qab nws cov hauv qab thiab leveled los ntawm saum toj no kom lub platform tau raws tag nrho ntev ntawm daim kab xev yav tom ntej ntawm qhov dav txaus. Nyob rau hauv lub resulting "hauv qab" nws yog tsim nyog los muab ib tug strip ntawm vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv. Txwv tsis pub, cov dej los ntawm kev daws yuav raug kos rau hauv cov xuab zeb. Cov formwork tsis tu ncua yog ntsia rau ntawm ob sab.
Nyob rau theem tom ntej, ib tug footing 5 cm tuab yog poured, sai li sai tau raws li nws seizes, koj muaj peev xwm mus rau lub installation ntawm lub reinforcing tawb. Nws yuav tsum tau txuas nrog rods sticking tawm ntawm pawg. Tom ntej no, pob zeb yog poured rau hauv lub formwork. Thaum nchuav, daim kab xev, nrog rau pawg, yuav tsum tau tho ib ntus nrog ceg txheem ntseeg lossis duav.
kawg theem
Yog li, koj tau nchuav lub hauv paus dhuav nrog lub grillage. Lub tshuab ntawm nws txoj kev tsim kho, raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, yog qhov yooj yim heev. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau kom tau txais lub hauv paus zoo tshaj plaws hauv qab lub tsev, koj yuav tsum ua lwm yam.
Tom qab ob peb hnub, daim ntawv raug tshem tawm ntawm daim kab xev. Xuab zeb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau tsawg kawg ib lub lim tiam. Tshaj li kaum plaub hnub tom ntej no, lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau moistened nrog dej ib ntus kom tsis txhob muaj cov kab nrib pleb tshwm rau ntawm nws. Lub hauv paus hauv qab lub tsev yuav tsum sawv ntsug tsawg kawg ib hlis. Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas cov pob zeb tau txais lub zog txaus.
Ua ntej koj pib nteg lossis sib sau cov phab ntsa, koj yuav tsum tau daim kab xevwaterproof nrog ob txheej ntawm vov tsev, gluing lawv nrog bituminous mastic.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, nchuav cov qauv zoo li lub hauv paus dhuav nrog grillage yog qhov yooj yim txheej txheem. Qhov tseem ceeb yog ua raws li tag nrho cov lus pom zoo thiab siv cov ntaub ntawv zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub hauv paus yuav tig mus rau kev ntseeg tau, thiab lub tsev nws tus kheej yuav sawv ntawm nws nyob rau ntau xyoo.
