Ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm coziness thiab kev nplij siab hauv tsev yog nws qhov teeb pom kev zoo. Tus nqi no ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov qhib ntawm cov ntsiab lus cardinal, qhov loj ntawm lub qhov rais thiab lawv tag nrho cheeb tsam. Yog hais tias txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub qhov rais nyob ntawm tus tsim ntawm lub tsev, ces cov tsis muaj peev xwm hloov. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub tsev, muaj cov txheej txheem thiab tsis yog qauv qhov rais xaiv.
Siv cov qhov rais hauv cov tsev siab siab
Serial kev tsim vaj tsev tsev nrog cov qhov rai qhov loj me tau pib nyob rau hnub ntawm Stalin, thiab txog rau tam sim no cov qauv rau kev nplij siab ntawm thaj chaw nyob tau rov kho dua. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov ntau-storey tsev, cov nram qab no architectural tiam sis yuav txawv, nyob rau hauv uas cov parameters ntawm lub qhov rais siv yog txo mus rau ib tug ntau denominator:
- "Stalinki" - ua nyob rau lub sijhawm txij li peb caug mus rau rau caum xyoo dhau los, ob mus rau tsib-zaj tsev tsev ua los ntawm cov cib daj, lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov phab ntsa tuab thiab siab.qab nthab txog li plaub meters.
- "Khrushchev" yog ib qho ntawm cov nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsev tsim vaj tsev nyob hauv lub tebchaws tom qab-Soviet. Nyob rau hauv cov tsev no, lub siab xav tau tshwm sim los tawm tsam architectural ntau dhau. Cov tsev ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa no, nrov nyob rau xyoo tom qab tsov rog, tau dhau los ua ntau lab tus tib neeg pej xeem txoj kev cawm seej los ntawm cov tsev nyob hauv zej zog thiab cov tsev nyob.
- "Brezhnevka" - cov pob zeb ua vaj tse los yog lub tsev ua los ntawm silicate cib, los ntawm tsib plag tsev mus rau kaum xya-zaj dab neeg siab-siab. Cov tsev no yog ib qho kev txhim kho "Khrushchev" nrog ib tug tshiab layout ntawm txhim kho kev nplij siab thiab nce cheeb tsam. Kev hloov kho tshiab kawg ntawm tsev tab tom ua rau hnub no.
- Cov tsev zoo ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa tshiab - qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tsev no pib thaum xyoo 70s lig, tab sis lawv tau nkag mus rau hauv qhov kev tsim kho los ntawm 90s. Lawv lub ntsiab feature yog chav ua noj dav txog li 16 m², thaj tsam ntawm cov chav thiab balconies.
qauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm stalinka qhov rais qhib
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, thaum nws los txog qhov ntev thiab qhov loj me, nco ntsoov tias lawv txawv me ntsis thiab koj yuav tsum ntsuas kom raug.
Rau txhua "stalinkas" qhov chaw so ntawm lub qhov rais sill yog 400 hli, cov dej ntws tawm ntawm 250 hli. Muaj peb hom qhov rais thiab lub sam thiaj qhov rooj siv hauv cov tsev nyob no:
- Ob-nplooj T-zoo li lub qhov rais nrog tag nrho cov tsis muaj ntawm 1150 hli - dav thiab 1950 hli - qhov siab, qhov qis ntawm lub qhov rais muaj sib npaug halves 575 hli dav thiab 1450 hli siab, raws liRaws li txoj cai, sab xis ntawm lub qhov rais qhib tau, qhov ntev ntawm qhov muag tsis pom ntawm qhov rais muaj qhov dav ntawm 1150 hli thiab qhov siab ntawm 500 hli.
- Lub qhov rais ob-nplooj kuj yog hom T, tab sis dav me ntsis, tag nrho cov tsis muaj: 1500 hli dav los ntawm 1900 hli siab, qhov qis ntawm lub qhov rais muaj sib npaug halves 750 hli dav thiab 1300 hli siab, Tsis muaj qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov rais yog 1500 hli los ntawm 600 hli.
- Peb-nplooj qhov rais muaj qhov dav ntawm 1700 hli thiab 1900 hli hauv qhov siab. Sab saum toj transverse yog 1700mm ntev thiab 600mm siab.
- Lub sam thiaj thaiv yog T-puab nrog ob lub qhov rooj qhib nrog qhov ntsuas: 750 hli dav los ntawm 2100 hli siab. Sab saum toj transverse muaj cov iav khov 600 hli siab.
Dimensions ntawm qhov qhib qhov rais "Khrushchev"
Hauv vaj huam sib luag lossis cib tsev "Khrushchev" qhov loj ntawm lub qhov rais yog qhov pom kev zoo ib yam, tab sis qhov tseeb lawv qhov ntev tag nrho txawv. Qhov no yog vim lub qhov rais qhib. Hauv cov tsev cib, vim yog cov phab ntsa tuab, cov kab nqes yog tob dua, uas ua rau muaj qhov nce hauv qhov rais sill, thaum qhov tseeb qhov loj ntawm lub qhov rais hauv vaj huam sib luag lub tsev yuav me dua. Lwm qhov kev xav tsis thoob yuav yog qhov tseeb tias cov tsev no tau tsim los ntawm kev ua kom nrawm nrawm, thiab qhov kev nrawm no tau tshwm sim hauv qhov zoo ntawm cov tsev. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm qhov qhib qhov rais tuaj yeem sib txawv txog 30 mm.
- ob-nplooj qhov rais ntawm cib tsev 1450 mm dav thiab 1500 mm siab.
- Ob-nplooj qhov rais ntawm lub tsev vaj huam sib luag, tag nrho tsis muaj - 1280 hli los ntawm 1340 hli.
- 3 nplooj qhov rais 2040mm dav x 1500mm siab.
- Lub sam thiaj thaiv muaj tag nrho ntev1760 hli, folding los ntawm 1460 wide x 1420 siab ob chav sash qhov rais thiab 700 mm wide x 2160 mm siab qhov rooj.
Brezhnev standard windows
Lub tsev no tau tsim los ntawm 1966 txog 1982. Cov elevators thiab cov khib nyiab pov tseg tau tshwm sim hauv cov tsev no, thiab lawv kuj loj hlob mus rau cuaj plag tsev. Hauv kev xyaum, lawv tau dhau los ua hom kev txhim kho ntawm Khrushchev cov haujlwm. Cov txheej txheem hauv qab no tau raug qhia:
- Ob lub qhov rais 1450 mm wide x 1410 mm siab, ob lub sashes ntawm tib qhov dav ntawm 725 mm, ib qho qhib.
- Peb-nplooj qhov rais muaj tag nrho cov tsis muaj: dav 2100 hli thiab qhov siab 1450 hli.
- Lub sam thiaj nqaim, muaj ib lub qhov rais 500 hli x 1410 hli thiab lub qhov rooj 680 hli los ntawm 2140 hli.
- Dav dav lub sam thiaj thaiv nrog phab ntsa, suav nrog lub qhov rais qhib 1700 hli dav los ntawm 1420 siab, nrog rau lub qhov rooj 680 hli los ntawm 2140 hli.
qauv qhov rais ntawm cov tsev layout tshiab
Lub tsev ntawm cov koob no tuaj yeem ua vaj huam sib luag, cib lossis monolithic. Ntau haiv neeg thiab ntau yam hauv lawv cov qauv thiab qhov tshwm sim, cov tsev muaj ntau tus qauv qhov rais xaiv. Muaj ntau tshaj plaub caug ntau yam ntawm serial tsev nrog zoo sib xws tab sis txawv qhov rais. Koj tuaj yeem qhia tus lej xov tooj qub ntawm lub tsev nyob nrog lub qhov rais tsis siv, tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, kom ua tiav qhov tseeb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntsuas koj tus kheej lossis nrog kev pab los ntawm cov kws ntsuas ntsuas.
Qhov feem ntau cov qauv qhov rai qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov sib txawvtsev:
- Tsev series 504 - ob chav casement qhov rai, 1410mm dav x 1450mm siab.
- Peb-vaj huam sib luag qhov rais, 1700mm dav x 1450mm siab.
- Tsev series 137 - ob chav casement qhov rai, 1150mm dav x 1420mm siab.
- Peb-nplooj, qhov rais 1700 hli dav thiab 1420 hli siab.
- Tsev series 505 - ob chav casement qhov rais, 1450mm dav los ntawm 1410mm siab.
- Tim vaj huam sib luag qhov rais, 2030mm dav x 1410mm siab.
- Tsev series 600 - ob chav casement qhov rais, 1450mm dav x 1410mm siab.
- 3 nplooj qhov rais, 2050mm dav x 1410mm siab.
- Tsev series 606 - ob chav casement qhov rais, 1450mm dav los ntawm 1410mm siab.
- Tim vaj huam sib luag qhov rais, 1700mm dav x 1410mm siab.
Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov kev txwv no rau cov tsev hauv tsev kom kwv yees suav cov nuj nqis.
Kev xaiv qhov rais hauv tsev ntiag tug
Qhov txawv ntawm cov tswv tsev ntiag tug thiab cov tsev nyob hauv tsev yog tias hauv cov tsev ntiav nws muaj peev xwm xaiv tus kheej qhov rais tsis tau thaum npaj. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov dav lossis qhov siab ntawm qhov rais, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua qhov kev xaiv no suav nrog cov cai hauv qab no:
- Thaj chaw ntawm lub qhov rais yuav tsum yog 1/5-1/8 ntawm thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw sab hauv, qhov ntsuas no cuam tshuam los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub qhov rais mus rau sab ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
- Lub hom phiaj ntawm chav teeb pom kev zoo.
- Tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm qhov rais hauv chav.
Ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia rau kev txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm qhov rais hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug yogkev txiav txim siab txog kev siv cov txheej txheem uas twb muaj lawm. Qhov no yuav pab txuag tau nyiaj, vim lawv pheej yig dua, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov qauv qauv qhov rai raws li GOST yog xam rau qhov me me, thiab kuj tau sim kom haum rau kev sim thiab raws sijhawm.
Qhov ntev ntawm qhov qhib hauv qhov chaw txuas rau hauv tsev
Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub architecture, ntau yam txuas ntxiv rau tsev feem ntau siv, xws li:
- Veranda - ib qho txuas ntxiv rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev.
- Balcony - lub platform tawm sab nraum lub tsev hauv qab qhov rais.
- Loggia yog lub platform cais nyob hauv tsev. Muaj ob lossis peb phab ntsa nrog lub tsev.
- Attic yog chav tsev pav ca yoog rau kev nyob nrog oblique qab nthab thiab phab ntsa.
Ntawm cov chav ntxiv ntawm lub tsev, tsuas yog qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov qhov rais hauv qab yuav saib zoo nkauj thiab stylish, tab sis tib lub sijhawm lawv yuav tsum muaj zog dua, vim lawv yuav nqa cov khoom ntxiv vim lawv txoj haujlwm inclined ntawm lub ru tsev.
Lwm chav ntxiv siv qhov loj me uas tsis yog tus qauv. Qhov rais xaiv ib tus zuj zus nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov tsis muaj thiab cov duab yuav tsum sau qhov chaw nrog hnub ci, sib sau tag nrho qhov chaw nrog xwm.
qauv qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov rais yas
Hauv kev tsim kho niaj hnub no, muaj ntau lub tsev nyob nrog cov khoom siv sib txawv thiab kev teeb tsa. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim qhov dav dav dav ntawm lub qhov rais hauv tsev ntawm ntau yam. Rau kev tsim qauv, cais GOSTs tau qhia raws licov ntaub ntawv siv los ua qhov rais. Yog li, rau lub qhov rais yas nrov tshaj plaws, muaj cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm zoo li no:
- GOST 30674-99 - tswj cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim cov qhov rais thaiv los ntawm PVC profiles;
- GOST 24866-99 - tswj cov nplaum ob-glazed qhov rais tsim rau glazing siv qhov rais thiab qhov rooj thaiv;
- GOST 30971-2012 - standardizes qhov loj ntawm lub mounting seams ntawm adjoining qhov rais blocks rau phab ntsa;
- GOST R 52749-2007 - tswj hwm lub mounting seams ntawm cov nodes ntawm cov qhov rais uas nyob ib sab mus rau qhov qhib los ntawm ib tug vapor-permeable daim kab xev.
Raws li lub xeev cov qauv tam sim no, muaj cov kev txwv geometric ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov qhov rais yas:
- Lub qhov rais ob chav glazed nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais yas tuaj yeem nyob rau hauv geometric txwv: qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov rais sashes yog 400 x 500 hli thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 3500 hli nyob rau hauv dav thiab 2000 hli nyob rau hauv qhov siab.
- Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm thaj tsam ntawm ib lub qhov rais yog 6 square meters. m.
- qhov tsawg kawg arched qhov rai qhov hluav taws xob yog 400 mm.
- Qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov dav / qhov siab piv yog 1: 1.5.
Cia peb muab ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev xam qhov loj ntawm lub qhov rais yas nrog ib pob nplooj. Yog hais tias qhov dav yog ib 'meter', ces qhov siab yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj ib thiab ib nrab meters.
Non-standard parameters of plastic windows
Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm PVC qhov rais suav nrog tag nrho lwm yam tsis tau muab los ntawm GOSTs teev. Tej zaum lawv yuav yog vim cov ntaub ntawv architectural uas twb muaj lawm,uas, nrog lawv ntau yam duab thiab xim, tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb saib rau lub facade ntawm lub tsev.
Lawv tuaj yeem yog hom hauv qab no:
- Oval lossis arched duab - lawv yog ib qho thaiv nrog ib qho oval sab sauv, uas muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm qhov txwv ntawm 400 mm.
- Cov duab Trapezoid - qhov rais rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws sab saum toj glazing tov rau lub tsev gable ru tsev yog txwv los ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm yam tsawg kawg 30 degrees.
- Round shape - cov khoom lag ntseg me me muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus txoj kab uas hla ntawm 800 hli, thiab qhib ib qho - 1080 hli. Nyob rau hauv lem, puag ncig lub qhov rais ntawm qhov loj qhov ntev tuaj yeem ncav cuag ib txoj kab uas hla mus txog 4600 mm nrog thaj tsam txog li 16 square meters. m.
- Daim duab peb sab thiab polygonal - cov qhov rais feem ntau yog hexagonal thiab daim duab peb sab, lawv nyiam qhov chaw tsim los nruab rau hauv qab ru tsev hauv qab nthab.
- Miscellaneous windows - muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov duab sib txawv.
Rau qhov tsim cov qhov rais uas tsis yog tus qauv, koj yuav tsum hu rau tsuas yog cov tuam txhab tsim khoom ntseeg siab uas tau ua pov thawj lawv tus kheej los ntawm sab zoo tshaj plaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog qhov zoo ntawm lawv cov khoom. Txwv tsis pub, koj pheej pheej pov nyiaj pov tseg thaum yuav cov qhov rais tsis zoo, vim qhov rais tsis yog tus qauv nyuaj heev los nrhiav kev hloov pauv rau.
qauv thiab kev cai ntoo qhov rais
Cov qhov rais ntoo yog cov khoom sib dhos. Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov rais hauv tsev yog siv rau cov txheej txheem uas twb muaj lawmcov tsev ua ntej raws li hom kev teeb tsa tshiab.
Txhua yam muaj thiab tsis muaj qhov rais ntoo yog tswj los ntawm GOSTs hauv qab no:
- GOST 23166-99 - standardizes ntoo blocks rau qhov rais thiab sam thiaj qhov rooj;
- GOST 11214-2003 - standardizes ntoo blocks siv daim ntawv glazing ntawm ntau lub tsev;
- GOST 24700-99 - tswj ob-glazed qhov rais rau ntoo qhov rais thiab sam thiaj thaiv.
Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov ntoo qhov rais muaj xws li qhov rais nrog tag nrho qhov ntev ntau dua 1800 hli hauv qhov siab thiab 1200 hli dav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qhov rais uas tsis yog tus qauv raug txwv hauv qhov siab tshaj plaws, lawv yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 2800 mm hauv qhov siab thiab 2600 mm dav. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem yog 500 x 500 mm.
Tsis tas li, cov qhov rais uas tsis yog tus qauv suav nrog cov khoom lag luam uas ua los ntawm cov duab geometric complex lossis txawv txawv. Tsis zoo li cov qhov rais yas, cov khoom ntoo tsis muaj kev txwv, tshwj tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho kev txwv loj - qhov no yog lub kaum sab xis sab hauv, uas yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 25 degrees.
tswv yim tswv yim rau hloov qhov qhib qhov rais
Thaum lub sijhawm kho cov tsev qub, feem ntau yuav tsum rov nruab lub qhov rais nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm nws qhov ntev lossis tsim cov ntaub ntawv raws li kev txhim kho ntawm tus kheej layout.
Thaum daws qhov teeb meem ntawm yuav hloov lub qhov rais loj npaum li cas, koj yuav tsum ua raws qee cov cai:
- Tsis txhob nce lub qhov rais saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm lub qhov rais qub - hauv qhov chaw no muaj lub phaj uas tiv thaivkev puas tsuaj ntawm phab ntsa vim muaj lub qhov rais qhib.
- Thaum txhim kho lub qhov rais me me, nws yuav tsum rov nruab qhov rais sill thiab txo qhov loj ntawm lub qhov rais qhib rau qhov loj me. Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub roj teeb cua sov nyob hauv qab lub qhov rais, qhov tsis muaj qhov tseem nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub qhov rais.
- Hloov lub qhov rais loj - yog tias koj txiav txim siab rau nruab, piv txwv li, lub sam thiaj qhov rooj, ces koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tshem tawm hauv qab ntawm phab ntsa kom loj me me.
- Hloov lub qhov rais nrog qhov dav dua lossis txhim kho ib qho tshiab saum lub qhov rais qub - rau txoj haujlwm no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum koom nrog tus kws kos duab tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog vim qhov yuav tsum tau txiav los ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nrauv txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho lub qhov rais-sill puag phaj lossis lintel uas tuaj yeem txhawb nqa lub nra tseem ceeb ntawm sab saum toj ntawm phab ntsa thiab lub ru tsev, nrog kev khoov tsawg kawg.
- Txhim kho lub qhov rais tshiab - zoo ib yam li txoj kev dhau los, nws yuav tsum tau ua tshwj xeeb hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws tshaj lij.
Zaj lus
Thaum xaiv qhov loj npaum li cas ntawm qhov rais los nruab rau hauv koj lub tsev lossis chav tsev - tus qauv lossis tsis yog tus qauv, koj yuav tsum ua raws li koj tus kheej cov tswv yim tsim. Rau cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no, tsis muaj teeb meem daws tsis tau rau ob qho nyiaj txiag thiab cov tswv yim kim.
