Sau lub hauv paus thaum xub thawj siab ib muag zoo li yooj yim thiab yooj yim. Tab sis qhov no yog qhov pib xwb. Feem ntau, thaum nws los txog rau pouring, nws hloov tawm hais tias qhov no tsis yog xws li ib tug yooj yim teeb meem. Nws tag nrho los mus rau ntau theem ntawm qhov chaw npaj rau lub installation ntawm ib tug sawb foundation formwork ncej, plank qauv los yog plywood panels rau pouring qhob.
tsim nyog formwork yog tus yuam sij rau lub hauv paus zoo
Hais txog kev tsim lub tsev, nws yuav tsum hais tias qhov pib ntawm kev tsim kho yog qhov kev kawm, suav thiab kos npe ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho. Geology, geodesy thiab architectural txoj kev npaj yog lub ntsiab tsim qauv los ntawm lub tsev tshiab originates.
Nws yog dab tsi - strip foundation formwork? Qhov no yog cov qauv prefabricated ua los ntawm cov laug cam los yog lwm yam ntaub ntawv uas tsim ib lub thawv khoom rau pouring qhob. Nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm formwork, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj tsawg qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv no los ntawm cov pob zeb mortar los yogdej ntws.
Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau kev tsim qauv ntawm lub hauv paus sawb yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Nws yuav tsum tiv taus lub siab ntawm pob zeb mortar, uas qee zaum ncav cuag kaum kilograms ib square meter.
- Tsis muaj qhov khoob rau dej los ntawm cov pob zeb.
- Kev teeb tsa ntawm lub formwork yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas tom qab cov pob zeb hardened, nws yuav tau yooj yim tshem tawm.
Foundation Marking
Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov qauv pib nrog kev kos npe ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho. Rau kev tsim kho ntawm formwork rau lub hauv paus sawb nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, coj los ntawm txoj kev npaj, cov cim yog ua nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov perimeter. Qib posts raug ntsia ntawm txhua lub ces kaum thiab cov hlua raug rub nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho ib puag ncig. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev cim, cov ceg txheem ntseeg tau tsav nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum nrog ib tug margin txog li 1 m.
Qhov no yuav tsum ua kom tiav vim tias lub trench tseem yuav khawb nrog cov npoo ntawm 20-30 cm, kom nws yooj yim rau nruab formwork boards, uas yuav tsum tau raws nraim qhov ntev ntawm lub hauv paus. Qhov tseeb, markup yog ua nyob rau hauv ob theem. Thawj yog trench khawb. Qhov thib ob yog ntsia tau rau lub formwork nws tus kheej, uas yuav tsum nruj me ntsis sib haum mus rau qhov ntev ntawm lub hauv paus.
Kev teeb tsa ntawm lub pob zeb-sand cushion
Tom qab kos lub formwork rau lub hauv paus sawb, ib tug trench yog dug mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 1-1.5 m. Nws qhov tob yog nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov av. Yog hais tias nws yog xuab zeb, tawv av, ces qhov tob ntawm lub trench yuav tsum sib haum mus rau qhov siab ntawm lub hauv paus. Hauv cov av tawv, pob zebhauv ncoo hauv qab lub hauv paus tsis tas yuav tsum tau. Tab sis nyob rau hauv av nplaum thiab ntub dej, yuav tsum tau ib tug ntxiv trench qhov tob txog li 40 cm ntawm lub pob zeb cushion, uas lub hauv paus thiab tag nrho lub tsev yuav sawv. Nws xav tau pob zeb thiab pob zeb. Nws tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si chipped thiab dej cobblestone. Txhawm rau nce ntom ntom thiab tawv ntawm lub pob zeb pob zeb, cov hmoov nplej yog them nrog nplua gravel thiab xuab zeb, thiab compacted.
Pob zeb-sand cushion yuav tsum nyob tsawg kawg ib feem peb ntawm qhov siab ntawm trench. Coarse xuab zeb los yog gravel yog poured rau sab saum toj ntawm lub pob zeb txheej rau theem saum npoo. Nyob rau hauv lub compacted xuab zeb txheej, formwork rau lub sawb foundation yog tsim.
Pob zeb-xuab zeb cushion ntawm pob zeb thiab xuab zeb tsim lub hauv paus ruaj khov rau nchuav. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv dej thiab noo noo, qhov saum npoo yog waterproofed. Raws li nws yog siv cov yeeb yaj kiab lossis cov khoom siv vov tsev. Pw cov ntaub ntawv waterproofing ntawm lub hauv ncoo yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug nruam, waterproof txheej. Cov pob qij txha ntawm cov dej tsis sib haum yog glued nrog cov nplaum mastic los yog daim kab xev thiab nchuav nrog pob zeb mortar 30-40 mm rau hauv formwork rau lub hauv paus sawb.
hom formwork
Cov qauv yog ua los ntawm cov laug cam los yog plywood, uas tsim cov duab uas xav tau rau pouring qhob mortar thiab tsim cov khoom tsim nyog ntawm lub tsev. Txawm hais tias cov khoom siv hauv tsev siv rau kev tsim cov phab ntsa, hauv ib lub tsev twg muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom siv uas muaj rau txhua hom kev tsim kho. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus, phab ntsa thiab lub ru tsev. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb no muaj cov hauv paus ntsiab lus.kev tsim kho.
Ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm hom formwork rau sawb foundations, ntoo thiab vaj huam sib luag formworks yog feem ntau dav siv. Peb yuav xav txog lawv tom qab hauv tsab xov xwm kom ntxaws ntxiv.
- Plag formwork rau lub hauv paus sawb, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov laug cam 30-40 mm.
- Hom thib ob ntawm formwork yog vaj huam sib luag formwork, tsim los ntawm cov ntawv npaj ua plywood. Thick waterproof plywood yog siv los ua formwork khoom.
- Qhov thib peb ntawm formwork rau lub hauv paus sawb yog ib qho ruaj khov formwork ua los ntawm monolithic pob zeb slab.
- Thiab muaj ib yam ntxiv - tsis yog tshem tawm formwork ua los ntawm polystyrene ua npuas ncauj panels.
Formwork rau sawb lub hauv paus tuaj yeem sib tsoo thiab pov tseg, ntoo, pob zeb siv zog lossis hlau rov siv tau. Tag nrho cov formwork tsim muaj ntxiv fasteners uas ruaj cov formwork rau hauv ib daim ntawv nruj rau pouring qhob.
cog qauv
Feem ntau siv yog boards 30-40 mm tuab lossis tuab plywood nplooj ntawv. Cov boards nyias dhau tuaj yeem ua rau lub siab ntawm cov pob zeb tov. Tab sis yog tias tsis muaj dab tsi los hloov lawv, tom qab ntawd txhawm rau tiv thaiv curvature, koj tsuas yog xav tau rauj cov racks ntau zaus. Yog tias cov boards xaiv nyias dhau lawm, ces lawv muab tsau rau hauv cov laug cam txuas nrog cov ntoo slats thiab cov ntsia hlau.
txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau lub thav duab, cov ntoo thaiv yuav tsum tau rau qhov dav ntawm formwork, los txuas rau sab nraud. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov tuav tuav yog nyob ntawm qhov tuab ntawm cov laug cam. Ntxiv thiabcov qauv yog ntxiv dag zog nrog cov nqes hav, tau tsav mus rau hauv av ntawm ib qho kawg, thiab txuas nrog lub rooj tsavxwm nrog rau tes ntawm lwm qhov.
Yog tias lub tsev loj loj tab tom tsim, txhim kho meshes lossis gratings tau muab tso rau hauv lub formwork, ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv paus. Lub mesh ncej yog ua los ntawm 5-10 hli rebar.
Txhim kho cov formwork collapsible
txhawm rau txhim kho tus qauv no, koj yuav tsum ua raws li ob peb txoj cai yooj yim. Ua ntej, cov laug cam lossis cov ntaub thaiv npog yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntsug nruj me ntsis. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ua tiav qhov xav tau qhov chaw ntawm plank shields nrog pegs ib leeg. Leveling yog ua tiav nrog ntxiv braces uas ua raws li spacers ntawm ob sab.
Txoj cai thib ob rau mounting strip foundation formwork yog yooj yim collapsibility ntawm cov qauv. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau tag nrho cov ncej thiab tuav rau cov laug cam los ntawm sab nraud, yog li ntawd thaum disassembling cov ntsia hlau tau yooj yim rub tawm. Nws kuj yog tsim nyog los muab khi rau hauv qab ntawm lub trench nrog ib tug waterproofing txheej los tiv thaiv dej los ntawm cov pob zeb tov. Tag nrho cov boards yuav tsum muaj lub tiaj tiaj thiab edging. Txhua qhov khoob hauv cov ntaub thaiv npog yuav tsum tau npog nrog daim ntaub ntub dej.
Yog tias cov laug cam ib txwm nrog ntu ntawm 50 hli yog siv rau kev tsim kho, lawv tau nruab rau hauv qab qaum thiab ntxiv nrog rau cov ntsia hlau rau pegs los ntawm sab nraud. Tag nrho cov pegs yog sharpened thiab tsav mus rau hauv av los ntawm 20-30 cm nrog ntse xaus. Yog tias tsis muaj cov khoom ntoo txausua hauj lwm, ces ib tug nyias hlau yog siv rau qhov no. Rau cov hlua khi, cov pegs uas tau tsav mus rau hauv av yuav tsum ntev dua thiab protrude saum lub rooj sib txoos.
Txhob Cia Siab - ib feem ntawm lub hauv paus daim ntawv ua haujlwm
Cia peb hais tias txhawm rau tsim kom muaj lub tsev pob zeb muaj zog, kev siv lub zog ntawm txhua feem ntawm lub tsev. Txhim kho qhov tseeb formwork rau lub hauv paus sawb tsim ib qho ntxiv zog rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev, los ntawm lub hauv paus mus rau hauv pem teb. Hlau reinforcement yog siv los ua cov khoom siv ntxiv. Reinforceing tuav nrog ib ntu ntawm 5 mus rau 20 mm. Rau txhua qhov ntawm lub tsev, kev txhawb nqa meshes yog tsim los ntawm fastening nrog hlau los yog vuam rods rau hauv ib tug nruj, voluminous thav duab. Kev txhawb zog ntawm lub hauv paus yog ua nyob rau hauv cov formwork troughs. Rebar nrog hla ntu ntawm 20 hli los yog ntau tshaj yog ntsia rau hauv ob peb kab hauv, ntawm txhua txheej ntawm pob zeb raws li tag nrho qhov siab ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm txheej ntawm 200 mm los yog ntau dua. Volumetric meshes, welded los ntawm ib tug hlau pas nrig, yog nteg nyob rau hauv qab rau tag nrho cov dav, tsis ncav cuag cov npoo los ntawm ob peb centimeters. Thaum txhim kho txoj hlua khi pob zeb, cov kab ntsug ntsug yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa ntawm phab ntsa ncej ncej kom txuas nrog lub mesh cam khwb cia rau hauv txoj hlua khi, qhov kawg ntawm qhov ntev ntawm 20-50 centimeters sab nraum..
Fixed EPS formwork
Ib qho kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev tsim kho yog cov formwork ua los ntawm polystyrene ua npuas ncauj blocks, uas tseem yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab ua ntau yam haujlwm. Thawj qhov ua haujlwm ntawm polystyrene formwork yog pouringpob zeb. Thib ob, formwork rau lub hauv paus sawb los ntawm cov blocks tseem yog ib feem ntawm cov phab ntsa ua ib txheej insulating.
Txoj formwork yog tsim los ntawm lub Hoobkas. Raws li cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov blocks, cov khoom siv polystyrene yog siv nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv, uas muab cov blocks tshwj xeeb lub zog. Txhua daim yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv xauv uas tso cai rau kev teeb tsa rau lub tsev yam tsis tas siv cov fasteners ntxiv.
Txhim kho formwork nteg
Thaum tso thawj kab ntawm polystyrene ua npuas ncauj blocks rau pouring qhob, ib tug reinforcing qauv yog nteg nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub hauv paus puag, uas tsim ib tug ntxiv dag zog rau lub hauv paus. Tag nrho cov kab tom ntej no tau muab tso rau raws li cov cai ntawm brickwork nrog cov ntsiab lus polystyrene hloov los ntawm ib nrab thaiv kom cov pob qij txha muaj cov qauv checkerboard.
Kev txhim kho ntawm formwork rau lub hauv paus sawb ntawm polystyrene ua npuas ncauj blocks pib nrog kev tso ntawm kab. Nyob rau hauv txhua kab, ib tug reinforcing qauv ua los ntawm hlau rods yog nteg, uas yog fastened ua ke nrog hlau, los yog reinforced meshes yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm welded lug horizontally, yog hais tias lub formwork yog npaj rau load-bearing phab ntsa. Yog tias qhov kev ua haujlwm tsuas yog ua nyob rau hauv kab ntsug ntawm lub tsev, ces welded hlau qauv yog ua. Yog li, ob qho tib si lub hauv paus, thiab cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev, thiab nws cov kab yog ib qho monolithic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj zog polystyrene.reinforced pob zeb, hnav nyob rau hauv lub insulating soundproof hauv ncoo.
Khoom siv rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov
Ntawm txoj kev tsim kho tshiab niaj hnub feem ntau siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab. Qhov no yog cov qauv ruaj khov uas tau tso rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub hauv paus. Muaj ntau ntau hom xws li kev nce qib formwork. Cov no yog cov pob zeb ua vaj tse thiab cov ntaub ntawv polystyrene ua npuas ncauj. Thawj yog tsim los ntawm vibrocompression, thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev daws teeb meem yog compacted rau qhov ntom ntawm ntuj pob zeb. Cov blocks zoo li no muaj lub zog zoo thiab tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev txhawb nqa ntxiv ntawm lub hauv paus. Tsis muaj lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas ua formwork rau lub hauv paus sawb, txij li cov pob zeb pob zeb lawv tus kheej yog formwork rau pouring mortar. Tso cov pob zeb ua vaj tse zoo ib yam li kev sib sau ua ke. Txhua qhov thaiv muaj cov xauv tshwj xeeb rau kev sib txuas. Qhov kev sib txuas ceev ntawm cov blocks yog siab heev thiab tsis tas yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv ntxiv rau kev khiav ntawm cov tshuaj.
Hom thib ob ntawm kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov yog polystyrene ua npuas ncauj blocks. Zoo li pob zeb, polystyrene formwork yog sib sau ua ke raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tus tsim qauv. Qhov zoo ntawm xws li formwork yog tias nws yog ib txhij siv ob qho tib si los ntawm kev txhawb nqa rau lub hauv paus, thiab ua ib txheej insulating, thiab raws li cov dej tsis zoo ntawm lub hauv paus, vim polystyrene ua npuas ncauj blocks yog 100% waterproof. Kev tso cov formwork tsau yog ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm brickwork nrog overlapping pob qij txha.
Lwm hom kev ruaj khov yog fiberboard blocks, uas yog tsim los siv lub siabnias ntoo shavings nrog ntxiv ntawm magnesite. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem, cov vaj huam sib luag loj tau txais, los ntawm cov txheej txheem ruaj khov yog sib sau ua ke tsis yog rau lub hauv paus, tab sis kuj rau phab ntsa.
