Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav tham txog cov pob zeb ua vaj tse ntawm ntau qhov ntev. Lub sijhawm kawg ntawm kev tsim lub tsev lossis cov qauv yog kev teeb tsa lub ru tsev. Cov khoom no yog lub ntsiab, nws yog lub ntsiab rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub ru tsev muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev nyob zoo hauv lub tsev ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv tsev lossis ib tus neeg (nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm lub tsev lag luam). Reinforced qhob thiab truss trusses feem ntau ua raws li cov khoom thauj khoom ntawm lub ru tsev. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, nws muaj peev xwm rov faib lub ntsiab thiab qhov hnyav ntxiv ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov qauv.
Vim li cas thiaj tseem ceeb rau kev suav?
Tau qhov tseeb tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm hauv qab-rafter thiab rafter reinforced pob zeb trusses 18 m ntev yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev, ces nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau muab xam, tsim thiab installation nrog rau qhov hnyav tshaj plaws thiab. saib.
Qhov tsis raug me ntsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lub zog ntawm tag nrho lub tsev. Thiab nws txoj kev siv nyiaj tsis zoo yuav ua tau.
Thaum xamCov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account:
| Snow regions | I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII |
|
Sg, kPa (kgf/m2) |
0, 8 (80) |
1,2 (120) |
1,8 (180) |
2,4 (240) |
3, 2 (320) |
4,0 (400) |
4,8 (480) |
5,6 (560) |
Kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws thiab lub zog rau cov khoom uas yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog. Tab sis muaj ib tug drawback - lub installation ntawm reinforced pob zeb trusses 18 m ntev yog heev nyuaj, thiab tag nrho cov loj ntawm cov qauv yog heev loj. Lub complexity ntawm lub installation ua hauj lwm yog ib lub sij hawm uas txwv tsis pub siv rafters ntawm no tsim. Raws li txoj cai, ua liaj ua teb ntawm hom no tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv tsis tshua muaj neeg mob. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav tsim ib lub tsev ib-zaj dab neeg nrog thaj chaw loj.
Yuav tso siab li cas thaum xam?
Tsis txhob xav tias qhov kev suav yooj yim thiab tsis muaj "qhov teeb meem". Koj yuav tsum tau txais kev paub ntau npaum li cas thiaj li ua tiav qhov tsim. Thaum ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum tau tso siab rau GOST 20213-89, uas siv rau cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog ntawm 12 m thiab lwm qhov ntev.
Ua tib zoo saib seb txawm tias lub sijhawm tsis tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yuav tsum tsis txhob nco. Vim tias thaum kawg koj yuav cuam tshuam ncaj qha lossis ncaj qha cuam tshuam dab tsi lub zog yam ntxwv cov khoom tiav yuav muaj. Vim li no, txhua txoj haujlwm tsim yuav tsum tau ua thaum lub sijhawm tsim. Ntxiv mus, nws raug nquahu kom tso siab rau qhov no rau cov kws tshaj lij, vim tias txawm tias cov ntsiab lus me tshaj plaws yuav tsum tsis txhob nco. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog tsis yog tsuas yog kev xaiv ntawm ib qho kev xaiv rafter, tab sis kuj tseem me me rau kev sib txuas.
Yuav tsum xav txog dab tsi?
Thaum xam truss thiab truss reinforced pob zeb trusses, koj yuav tsum tau cia siab rau cov nram qab no yam:
- Tag nrho qhov loj ntawm tag nrho cov qauv. Qhov no suav nrog qhov loj ntawm lub rafter system thiab npog.
- Ib qhov loj ntawm lub sijhawm thauj khoom. Cov no suav nrog cov xwm txheej huab cua, nrog rau cov xwm txheej tsis sib xws (piv txwv li, kev taug kev ntawm tus neeg tuaj yeem).
- Cov khoom hnyav ntxiv uas yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev (piv txwv li, daus, cua, thiab lwm yam).
Qhov tseeb hauv kev suav yuav txuag tau ntau ntawm kev tsim kho. Tab sis koj tseem yuav ua kom cov khoom tiv thaiv raws li qhov ua tau, uas yuav tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam tsis zoo.
Yuav ua kom ua liaj ua teb, koj yuav tsum siv cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm siab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nws muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ua haujlwm nrog qhov yuam kev tsawg kawg nkaus. Thaum lub sij hawm installation ntawm truss system, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ruaj ntseg fasten tag nrho cov ntsiab kom tsis txhob poob lub stability ntawm tus qauv.
Rafter reinforced pob zeb ntsiab
Muaj ntau tus qauv tsim ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog, lawv muaj qhov sib txawv. Koj tuaj yeem pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv rau kev tsim khoom, cov txheej txheem ntawm leaning ntawm phab ntsa. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov qauv zoo li no, nws tuaj yeem yooj yim tsim cov tsev uas muaj qhov loj txaus - ntau dua 24 m. Hom lub ru tsev tuaj yeem yog qhov qis qis lossis pitched. Teeb tuaj yeem siv rau hauv pem teb. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias xws li reinforced pob zeb lug yog zoo tshaj plaws siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm industrial thaj chaw, warehouses, hangars.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv no yog raws li hauv qab no:
- lub zog siab heev ntawm lub tsev raws li tag nrho thiab tus kheej cov ntsiab lus.
- Cov khoom tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
- Kev nyab xeeb hluav taws.
- High hardness.
- siab tiv thaiv txhua yam kev nruj kev tsiv.
Tab sis koj tuaj yeem hais txog qhov tsis zoo - nws nyuaj rau kev txhim kho, vim tias cov qauv muaj qhov hnyav ntau. Tab sis qhov no yog qhov tsis zoo me me, raws li nws tau dhau los ntawm tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig tau teev tseg saum toj no.
Yuav ua li cas trusses
Heavy lossis lub teeb pob zeb (hom qauv) yog siv rau kev tsim khoom. Feem ntau, nthuav av nplaum pob zeb thiab agglomerated pob zeb yog siv rau kev tsim cov trusses. Kev tsim khoom siv nyob rau hauv cov rooj muag tshwj xeeb, uas muaj ob peb (qee zaum tsuas yog ib qho) tiers. Ntawm cov tiers no, cov pwm steel nrog lub tsho ua haujlwm tau teeb tsa. Nco ntsoov nqa tawm qhov tseeb suav ntawm cov pob zeb muaj zogua liaj ua teb. Qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau txhua tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsev.
Yuav kom tsim cov racks thiab braces uas tau muab tso ncaj qha rau lub sijhawm ntxiv, koj yuav tsum siv lub rooj vibrating. Nws yuav tsum muaj cov ntawv cassette tshwj xeeb. Cov hlua khi sab sauv yog cov rods yooj yim, tsis muaj dab tsi nyuaj hauv kev tsim. Tab sis lub qis chord yog ib tug high-strength hlau nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 5 hli, sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb cov hlua pob.
Txhawm rau txhawm rau cov hlua khi no, koj yuav tsum siv cov hydraulic jacks. Sai li cov hnab ntim tau ncab, koj tuaj yeem pib nchuav cov pob zeb tov. Tom qab 2-3 teev, ua liaj ua teb tuaj yeem raug kho cua sov. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov tseeb tias ntawm txhua theem nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tswj qhov zoo ntawm cov hlua pob nro.
txheej txheem sau npe khoom
Yuav kom kos cov khoom tiav, siv cov lej thiab cov ntawv. Lawv sau nrog ib tug hyphen. Cov tsiaj ntawv yog hom thiab qhov loj ntawm workpiece, cov lej tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ntau yam ntxwv, piv txwv li:
- Lub peev xwm ntawm cov qauv.
- cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv.
- hom pob zeb siv hauv kev tsim khoom.
Cov ntawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov permeability ntawm pob zeb. Qhov no yog tus yam ntxwv uas qhia txog qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev tsim qauv rau kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev ua phem, piv txwv li:
- Tsab ntawv "P" hauv qhov cim qhia tias cov khoom tau txo qhov kev hloov pauv.
- Tsab ntawv "H" yog tso tawm yog tias lub cev muaj zog.
- Ntawm cov khoom,withstand seismic kev ua si mus txog 8 ntsiab lus, yuav muaj ib tsab ntawv "C" nyob rau hauv lub cim.
pob zeb tsim qauv nta
Qhov ua liaj ua teb yog qhov "skeleton" ntawm lub ru tsev. Nws yog nws uas tso cai rau koj ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim yav tom ntej. Txhawm rau muab cov thav duab rigidity, lub zog, ruaj khov, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim cov trusses siv ntau cov khoom siv ntxiv thiab cov hlau. Yog li ntawd, lub tswv yim ntawm tag nrho cov khoom yuav ua ntau nyuaj. Tsuas yog cov qauv no tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm tag nrho cov qauv txawm tias raug huab cua huab cua phem.
Tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov tuam ntxhab tau siv zog los txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom tiav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub zog, raws li koj paub, tsis raug kev txom nyem, vim kev siv cov pob zeb ntawm lub teeb. Qhov tshwm sim yog txo qhov hnyav ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, tab sis tsis poob lub zog.
Truss tsim nta
Cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog yog cov hlau reinforcing. Nws tiv taus corrosion heev yooj yim. Yog li ntawd, high humidity thiab tsis kub tsis tau txawm me ntsis cuam tshuam lub zog ntawm lub ru tsev qauv. Lub contour ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb yog ob txoj hlua uas ua haujlwm ntawm kev khoov. Lattice - cov no yog braces thiab racks uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau lub zog ua raws li axis. Cov hom liaj teb hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
- Segment reinforced pob zeb trusses. Rau lawv, ib tug yam ntxwv feature yog lub xub ntiag ntawm kab pheeb ces kaum thiab ib tug delineating siv.
- Polygonal - cov hlua khi yog sib npaug lossis teeb tsa hauv daim duab trapezoid.
- Braceless arched - sib txawv ntawm cov pob txha nruj.
- Slanted arched - muaj curvilinear sab sauv thiab crate.
Ntau zaus koj tuaj yeem pom xws li cov pob zeb txuas ntxiv nrog cov txheej txheem polygonal thiab txawm tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj siv sab saud raug hloov los ntawm ntu. Qhov kev xaiv no muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua los ntawm kev pom kev lag luam. Koj tseem tuaj yeem ua cov kev faib ua liaj ua teb hauv qab no:
- Tshuaj.
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
Qhov twg siv trusses
Muaj ntau qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov rau ntau hom kev siv dag zog trusses 24 m thiab lwm qhov ntev rau kev tsim cov truss system ntawm cov qauv:
- Hauv kev tsim lub ru tsev qis qis, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv truss-free trusses. Nws raug nquahu kom nruab racks ntxiv rau hauv txoj siv tawv. Raws li txoj cai, cov tsev zoo li no muaj ntau qhov kev sib txuas lus. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ob lub teb chaws nyob sib ze yog 6 lossis 12 meters.
- Thaum tsim ib lub tsev ib ntus (thaum tsis muaj cua sov), nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov txheej txheem braced.
- Pitched ru tsev yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nrog cov uas tsis yog-braced segmental lossis slanted thav duab.
Yog tias koj npaj yuav npog cov tsev ib-zaj dab neeg nrog ntau qhov txuas nrog cov khoom siv yob, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov khoom siv dag zog ntxiv.
Muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv, tab sis cia peb ua tib zoo saib seb lawv yuav ua li casmarked:
- FBS - bezskosny liaj teb siv rau kev tsim cov ru tsev pitched.
- FS - cov khoom lag luam kab pheeb ces kaum, uas kuj siv rau ntawm lub ru tsev.
- FP - cov khoom uas siv los ua cov slab txheej. Qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom yog tib yam li qhov ntev.
- FPN - rau lub ru tsev qauv nrog lub kaum me me ntawm inclination thiab prestressed posts.
- FPM - siv rau lub ru tsev nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination yam tsis muaj prestressing.
- FBM - yam khoom uas tsis yog braced uas yog siv rau ntawm pitched ru tsev nrog ib tug me me txoj kab nqes.
- FT - yam tsis yog braced ntawm daim duab peb sab.
- FPS - feem ntau pom ntawm lub ru tsev pitched.
Yuav tsum xav txog dab tsi thaum txhim kho?
Ua ntej txhim kho cov qauv no, koj yuav tsum tau ua kom raug xam tias lub peev xwm ntawm lub tsev yog dab tsi. Fasteners yuav tsum tau ua rau embedded ntsiab nyob rau hauv load-bearing phab ntsa los yog txhua. Xav txog qhov tseeb tias kev teeb tsa yuav tsum tsis txhob pib kom txog thaum koj paub tseeb tias qhov zoo thiab qhov ntev ntawm txhua lub ntsiab lus yog raws li tus qauv.
Thaum ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum siv vuam - nws yog siv los txuas cov kev txhawb nqa thiab kos cov khoom. Hlau girders kuj yuav tsum tau welded rau cov kev txhawb nqa, nrog rau lawv cov kev pab koj yuav ua tiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws tus nqi ntawm ncej rigidity. Kev ua liaj ua teb tuaj yeem ua tau zoo li no:
- Arched (kab pheeb ces kaum thiab kab pheeb ces kaum).
- Segmental.
- polygonal.
Tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yuav tsum tau ua tiav raws liGOST. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau cia siab rau cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom:
- Lub zog ntawm pob zeb siv hauv kev tsim khoom.
- Density of concrete.
- Reaction to low temperature.
- qib steel thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv.
- Reaction rau corrosion.
- Txoj kab uas hla ntawm txheej uas ntim cov rebar.
Txawm hais tias cov qauv tsim muaj cov yam ntxwv muaj zog, lawv tsis zoo li yuav pom hauv kev tsim kho ntiag tug. Yog vim li cas yog lub installation yog heev nyuaj thiab tag nrho cov loj heev. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv pob zeb muaj zog tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov qauv uas muaj qhov ntev ntawm ntau tshaj 18 meters. Hauv qhov no, cov kauj ruam ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb yog 6..12 m.
Yog tias qhov kev ncua deb tsis tshaj 18 meters, nws yog qhov tsim nyog siv cov kab teeb. Tab sis yog hais tias nws yog npaj los nteg ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txuas lus systems uas yuav nyob rau hauv lub thav duab, ces nws tseem tsim nyog muab qhov nyiam rau cov khoom siv ntxiv dag zog.
Yog tias koj npaj yuav tsim ib lub tsev nrog qhov ntev tshaj 30 m, koj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov loj ntawm lub ru tsev. Tab sis qhov parameter no yuav loj heev. Nws yuav yog ib qho laj thawj ntxiv kom tawg tag nrho cov qauv ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb rau hauv cov blocks. Tab sis muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no - tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav nce ntxiv. Txawm lub tsev nrog cov pob zeb muaj zog ntxiv 24 m ntev yuav tsis tshua kim.
Yog tias koj saib txhua yam los ntawm ib sab ntawm qhov piv ntawm qhov zoo thiab tus nqi, ces qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yuav yog siv cov arched lossis segmental lug. Ntawm lawv yuav luagtsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog ntawm txoj siv sia. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov siab ntawm kev txhawb nqa tsis loj heev. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov kev txo qis hauv qhov loj ntawm cov qauv tuaj yeem ua tiav.
Truss construction
Qhov kev tsim kho yooj yim tshaj plaws yog los nruab ib lub bezraskosny arched truss. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev rau nws los txhawb cov nodes. Txhua qhov chaw uas tau txais sab hauv tuaj yeem yooj yim sau nrog cov kais dej rau ntau yam kev sib txuas lus. Feem ntau qhov no tau ua tiav hauv kev tsim vaj tsev tiaj tus, qis qis thiab pitched qauv.
Rau qhov tsim cov trusses, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv qib ntawm pob zeb B30-B60. Nws muaj lub zog siab, thiab qhov loj yog tsawg heev. Hauv qab txoj siv sia, cov hlua los ntawm kev txhawb nqa, rods, thiab cov hlau muaj zog yog siv.
Hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv dag zog, nws raug tso cai siv tus ncej ua los ntawm lub teeb xaim. Nws yuav zam kev tsim cov kab nrib pleb thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv. Rau kev yooj yim crimping ntawm txoj siv hauv qab, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov thav ntawv tsis loj dua 3 m.
Txhawm rau ua kom pom lub zog ntawm cov cheebtsam ntawm cov chord sab saud thiab aventice, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los siv cov thav ntawv ua los ntawm welded txhawb zog. Lawv yuav tsum tau nruab rau hauv cov kev txhawb nqa nodes. Qhov no yuav ua rau kom lub zog ntawm tag nrho cov ncej nyob rau hauv inclined seem. Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau cov kab nruab nrab ntawm txoj siv sia, cov pas nrig nrog lub thickness ntawm 6..10 hli nrog ib kauj ruam ntawm 100 hli yog siv. Nws yog lawv uas tsim cov thav duab ntawm welded hom.
Rau kev thauj mus los ntawm cov qauv npaj ua tiav, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb yog siv, piv txwv li, lub tshuab ua liaj ua teb FKP-16. Raws li muaj kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau cov qauv steelLub teeb yuag hom, qhov kev thov rau cov khoom siv ntxiv dag zog inevitably ntog. Tab sis, raws li kev cai tua hluav taws, kev ua liaj ua teb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv hom.
