Tsuas sawv daws npau suav ntawm lawv lub tsev. Tab sis vim muaj ntau yam xwm txheej, nws feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem tau txais qhov chaw nyob ntiag tug. Yog koj tsis tuaj yeem yuav tsev, koj tuaj yeem tsim nws. Nrog cov cuab yeej tshiab hauv tsev, tam sim no muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib lub tsev los ntawm cov khoom siv roj av nrog koj tus kheej tes hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Cov vaj tse zoo li no ruaj khov thiab yuav ua haujlwm rau lawv tus tswv rau ntau xyoo. Tib lub sijhawm, lub tsev yuav tsis poob nws cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm.
txheej txheem ntawm lub tsev los ntawm aerated qhob blocks yog tsis muaj txhais tau tias yooj yim thiab yooj yim. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum piv nrog lub cib lossis cov ntoo sib npaug, qhov kev siv zog uas yuav tsum tau siv yog tsawg dua. Yuav ua li cas ua ib lub tsev los ntawm cov roj av blocks nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes? Cov lus qhia ib ntus yuav raug tham hauv peb tsab xov xwm.
Khoom specification
Aerated qhob blocks yog cov khoom siv tshiab thiab thev naus laus zis. Nws yog tsim los tsim cov phab ntsa hauv cov tsev nyob qis qis. Cov blocks yog tsim los ntawmquartz xuab zeb, nrog rau cov cement nrog ntxiv cov txiv qaub thiab dej.
Nyob rau hauv siab thiab raug kub siab, npuas tsim nyob rau hauv no sib tov. Tom qab cov huab hwm coj hardens, ib qho thaiv nrog cov qauv ntxeem tau. Cov tshuab tsim khoom no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib qho thaiv ntawm cov ntim loj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav ci thiab ruaj khov.
Khoom zoo
Ntawm qhov zoo yog cov cua sov zoo thiab lub suab rwb thaiv tsev yam ntxwv, tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias, lub zog, thiab ntom. Lub thaiv yog lub teeb heev - qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb kom zoo dua, vim tias yuav tsis muaj qhov loj ntawm lub hauv paus. Qhov loj ntawm ib lub ntsiab yog ntau dua li cov qauv cib. Qhov no ua rau kom lub sijhawm siv rau kev tsim kho. Ntawm tus nqi, lub tsev ua los ntawm cov roj av, tsim los ntawm koj tus kheej tes, yuav tawm ntau pheej yig dua yog tias lub tsev tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj. Qhov no yog vim tus nqi qis rau aerated qhob blocks vim qhov muaj koob meej ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Tsis tas li ntawm qhov zoo tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas kev nyab xeeb hluav taws kub. Kev tsim kho ntawm cov pob zeb aerated yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws raug hluav taws kub thiab ignition.
Yog tias lub thaiv muaj qhov raug thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, thiab lawv haum rau kev tshaj lij thiab zoo nkauj, ces cov phab ntsa uas tshwm sim tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav. Qhov no yuav muab lub sijhawm rau lub tsev "ua pa". Aerated qhob vim qhov pores yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm vapor permeability.
Ua ntejnpaj
Ua ntej koj tsim ib lub tsev los ntawm qhov thaiv roj, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab qhov chaw tsim nyog. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau npaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog. Qhov no yog tsim thiab kwv yees cov ntaub ntawv, uas yuav tsum tau lees paub los ntawm tsoomfwv hauv nroog. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau xaj thiab ua haujlwm geodetic, txhim kho lub laj kab, txiav txim siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm xoom qab ntug thiab nqa txhua qhov kev sib txuas lus.
Tom qab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tiav thiab tau txais, kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov teeb tsa ntawm lub xaib tuaj yeem pib. Yog tias lub laj kab twb tau teeb tsa lawm, yuav tsum teeb pom kev zoo, nrog rau scaffolding.
Kev yuav khoom, tsheb thauj mus los, cia cov roj thaiv
Nws tsis nyuaj rau yuav cov khoom siv hauv tsev no. Nws yog txaus tsuas yog mus nrhiav ib tug tsim nyog chaw tsim tshuaj paus thiab tso ib tug txiav txim nrog rau nws tus kheej xa ncaj qha mus rau lub site. Tab sis muaj nuances ntawm no. Tsis yog txhua lub tuam txhab koom nrog hauv kev xa cov khoom siv hauv tsev tau npaj mus rau qhov chaw nyob deb nrog txoj kev tsis zoo. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tau nrhiav kev thauj koj tus kheej. Rau cov neeg uas txiav txim siab pib tsim lub tsev los ntawm qhov thaiv cov roj (cov duab piv txwv yog nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm), qhov no yuav tsum tsis txhob yog ib tug loj deal.
Feem ntau, aerated qhob yog xa rau ntawm pallets. Cov blocks tau ruaj khov rau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab polyethylene. Thaum cov khoom siv hauv tsev khaws cia, cov dej noo ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau sab hauv thiab cov qauv yuav puas. Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tso cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab lub canopy. Nws yog ntshaw kom unpack tsuas yog cov uas yuav siv nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm. Cov tais tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauvdaim ntawv ntawm pawg. Tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tso cai xws li kev teeb tsa hauv ntau tshaj ob kab.
Ntau cov khoom siv hauv tsev
Yog li, thaum koj muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tes, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb koj xav tau ntau npaum li cas hauv ib lub tsev. Tsis txhob yuav ntau dhau. Muaj qee qhov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev khaws cia. Koj yuav tsum xam pes tsawg cubic meters ntawm cov ntaub ntawv koj yuav xav tau. Piv txwv li, cia peb nqa cov phab ntsa nrog qhov ntev ntawm 10 m los ntawm 8 m. Qhov no yog 10 + 10 + 8 + 8=36 m. Qhov siab ntawm phab ntsa yog 3 m. Yog li, 336=108 m2. Nov yog thaj chaw ntawm tag nrho cov phab ntsa.
Thaiv yog muab los ntawm cubic meters. Txhawm rau xam cov khoom siv hauv tsev yuav xav tau ntau npaum li cas los tsim lub tsev los ntawm cov khoom siv roj av, koj yuav tsum muab 108 los ntawm 0.3. Qhov no yuav yog qhov tuab ntawm ib qho thaiv. Yog li ntawd, koj xav tau 32.4 m3 cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov ntau yog rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nraud nkaus xwb. Cov phab ntsa sab hauv suav nrog tib txoj kev.
Lub hauv paus thiab hauv av
Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum nchuav lub hauv paus nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes. Gas-thaiv cov tsev tsis hnyav, tab sis qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tiv taus cov khoom thauj hauv av. Koj tuaj yeem ncuav lub pob zeb ua pob zeb ua lub hauv paus lossis siv lub hauv paus sawb, uas yog qhov zoo dua rau cov tsev me 1-2-storey.
Qhov no yog dab tsi? Daim kab xev monolithic foundations yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke raws li cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog ntxiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog nrog cov hlau tsis nruj nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 15 hli. Lawv haum rau hauv ob txheej. Yog lub tsev tsimNyob rau hauv ib qho chaw uas theem dej hauv av nce siab, lossis ntawm cov av hnyav, ces qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws hauv qhov no yog lub hauv paus nrog lub pob zeb ci ntsa iab.
Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm loj ntawm kev teeb tsa lub hauv paus, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom huv si huv si thiab ntsuas qhov chaw kom ntau li ntau tau. Rau ib lub tsev me me 1-2-storey, lub hauv paus 2 m tob yuav txaus. Lub trench yuav tsum nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov perimeter ntawm tag nrho cov yav tom ntej lub tsev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xam qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm cov pob zeb. Thaum txhua yam npaj txhij, peb sau cov khoom thiab tom qab ua tiav kev ua tiav peb tsim ib lub tsev los ntawm cov roj thaiv.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv rau kho cov blocks
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los kho cov khoom siv pob zeb aerated. Qhov no yog cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb lossis cov cement mortar. Ob qho kev xaiv muaj qee qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.
Nrog kev siv cov kua nplaum, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov pob qij txha zoo. Lub nteg yuav tawm heev txawm. Tab sis thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov kua nplaum yuav tso tawm cov co toxins mus rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab ntawm tus nqi nws yuav tawm ntau dua li cov tshuaj. Raws li rau cov cement mortar, ua hauj lwm nrog nws yog ntau zog, vim hais tias koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov evenness ntawm phab ntsa. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev daws, kho qhov yuam kev yuav yooj yim dua nrog cov kua nplaum. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias peb tsim ib lub tsev los ntawm cov roj thaiv nrog peb tus kheej tes ntawm kev daws, ces tsis muaj cov lus qhia nruj rau kneading. Feem ntau lawv ua ib qho sib tov hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 3 mus rau 1 (qhov chaw ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab cov cement, feem). Tom qab ntawd dej ntxiv thiab nws tag nrho sib xyaw ua ke.
Txoj kev tsim kho phab ntsa
Aerated qhob blocks muaj ib qho tseem ceeb feature - lawv yog lub teeb. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj los yog cov nplaum yuav tsis raug nyem tawm hauv qab qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom thiab, raws li, yuav tsis.tawm ntawm seams. Qhov no ua rau kom ceev cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tso phab ntsa. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb los ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv hauv tsev no.
Rau kev tsim kho ntawm phab ntsa load-bearing, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov blocks uas nws loj yog los ntawm 375 mus rau 400 hli. Yog tias muab faib rau sab hauv, ces qhov dav ntawm cov khoom yuav tsis ntau tshaj 250 mm.
Tau thawj kab
Yog li, yog tias peb tsim ib lub tsev los ntawm cov roj av nrog peb tus kheej tes, ces cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim thawj kab yuav tsum tau mus rau lub luag haujlwm. Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua cov dej tsis zoo. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom tso thawj kab nkaus xwb rau ntawm cov cement-xuab zeb mortar. Pw pib ntawm lub ces kaum siab tshaj ntawm lub tsev yav tom ntej. Qhov kawg ntawm qhov thaiv muaj qhov zawj thiab zuag, yog li tsis tas yuav txuas cov ntsiab lus nrog cov kua nplaum.
Ib txoj hlua raug rub los ntawm thawj kab los tswj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov masonry. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov blocks yog leveled nrog roj hmab mallet. Yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm tso txheej txheem ib tug sib txawv yog tsim, qhov ntev ntawm uas yog tsawg tshaj li ib tug thaiv, ces ib tug tshwj xeeb ntxiv ntsiab yog tsim. Txhawm rau ua cov ntaub ntawv, siv hacksaw, hluav taws xob pom thiab square. Qhov kawg ntawm qhov thaiv ntxiv no yuav tsum xub smeared nrog tshuaj khib lossis kua nplaum. Cov kua nplaum, uas yog tsim nyog rau kev tso cov blocks ntawm aerated qhob, yog xaiv rau nyias seams. Nws qhov sib xws yuav tsum zoo li qaub cream. Qhov sib tov yog siv nrog ib lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Tom qab - theem nws ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv nrog ib tug spatula. Thawj kab yog pw, thiabpeb txuas ntxiv ua ib lub tsev ntawm cov roj av nrog peb tus kheej tes. Tom qab ntawd cov lus qhia pom zoo kom so tag nrho cov tshwm sim irregularities nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb grater. Tsis tas li ntawd, av thiab plua plav raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tag nrho cov blocks. Cov txheej txheem no rov ua dua tom qab txhua kab tom ntej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas txhua kab tshiab yog pw nrog me ntsis offset ntawm 8-10 cm, qhov seem ntawm lub mortar yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm nrog ib tug trowel. Cov kab thib ob yuav tsum tau pw kwv yees li ib mus rau ob teev tom qab thawj zaug. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv phab ntsa los ntawm noo noo, cov seem tiav yog npog nrog yas qhwv.
Cov pob zeb aerated pob zeb yog tsim rau siv tsuas yog thaum tsim lub qhov rooj thiab qhov rais qhib. Lawv raug ntsia siv ib qho tshwj xeeb ntoo fixture. Qhov tuab ntawm U-shaped thaiv yog nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub tsev. Ib lub thav duab ua los ntawm kev txhawb nqa yog ntsia rau hauv kab noj hniav ntawm qhov thaiv. Cov kab noj hniav no ces puv nrog cov pob zeb zoo.
Thaum cov phab ntsa sab hauv tau tsim, yuav tsum muaj cov dej thiab cov suab nrov rwb thaiv tsev. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab coj mus rau hauv tus account tias txhua kab thib ob ntawm cov phab ntsa sab hauv yuav tsum tau txuas nrog phab ntsa load-bearing nrog anchors lossis staples siv perforated sawb.
Txhua lub tsev nyob ua los ntawm cov roj av (ua nrog koj tus kheej tes lossis nrog kev pab los ntawm cov kws tsim khoom, nws tsis muaj teeb meem) thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yuav raug rau ntau yam kev thauj khoom. Qhov no yog sedimentation ntawm cov av, cua, kub hloov. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob deformations, lub masonry yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog. Cia peb saib ua li cas.
Txhob Cia Siab: Yuav ua li cas. Movement seams
Strobes raug txiav, tom qab ntawd qhov tshwm sim tau raug tshem tawm ntawm cov plua plav, thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv cov chaw so. Tom qab txhua yam puv nrog kev daws.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob tawg, nthuav cov pob qij txha. Feem ntau lawv nyob hauv qhov chaw sib txawv lossis qhov siab ntawm phab ntsa hloov. Cov seams no yog tsim los ntawm cov phab ntsa, qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev sib koom ua ke yog xav tau qhov twg cov roj thaiv yuav txuas nrog rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv, hauv cov phab ntsa tsis muaj zog. Tom qab ntawd cov seams yuav tsum tau muab kaw nrog ib zaj duab xis ntawm polyethylene, ntxhia ntaub plaub. Ob leeg sab nraud thiab sab hauv lawv tom qab kho nrog cov sealants tshwj xeeb.
slabs thiab ramps
Ib txoj siv zog ntxiv yog siv los ua kev txhawb nqa rau hauv pem teb slabs. Cov pob qij txha uas yuav tau txais ntawm cov phiaj yuav tsum tau ntim nrog tshuaj khib. Sab nrauv kawg raug kaw nrog ax beams.
Pob zeb slabs uas muaj ntau qhov voids nyob rau hauv lawv yog haum raws li hauv pem teb. Tab sis kuj muaj cov analogues ntawm aerated qhob ntawm kev muag khoom. Cov tom kawg muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo, hluav taws kub tsis kam thiab thermal conductivity tsawg. Cov slabs no tsuas yog siv tau yog tias muaj tsawg dua 6 m ntawm phab ntsa load-bearing, qhov slab no yuav tsum tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kev faib cov khoom siv ntxiv. Yog tias lub tsev ua-nws-koj tus kheej aerated ua vaj tse yog tsim kom raug, ces cov txuas hniav txias yuav zam tau. Lub qhov rais, lub ru tsev thiab lub hauv paus yog insulated siv cov txheej txheem technologies. Raws li rau qhov chaw inclined thiab qhib nrog cov duab nyuaj, lawv tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim nrog lub saw. Qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia yooj yim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias blocks los ntawmaerated qhob yog yooj yim heev rau pom thiab xyaum. Tag nrho cov mounting qhov yog drilled nrog ib tug laum thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb cutter. Phab ntsa chaser tuaj yeem yooj yim tiv nrog kev tsim cov grooves rau thaiv.
Roof
Lub ru tsev rau lub tsev los ntawm cov roj av tuaj yeem yog ib qho - koj tuaj yeem ua ib qho, gable, qab nthab, lub duav thiab lwm yam. Hom kawg yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tsev nyob.
Txawm li cas los xij, lub ru tsev yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv hydro, cua sov thiab vapor barrier. Qee zaum, thaum npaj ib lub tsev hauv tsev, cov khoom siv suab nrov ntxiv yog mounted. Waterproofing yog tsau rau saum cov rafters. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua los ua qhov no nrog kev pab ntawm txoj kab ntev. Lub tom kawg yuav ua haujlwm ntawm lub txee-lattice. Nyob rau hauv lub waterproofing, ib lub rhaub yog muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm cov ntsia hlau. Tom qab ntawd lub thermal rwb thaiv tsev txheej yog them nrog ib tug vapor barrier zaj duab xis. Tom ntej no, nteg lub ru tsev tiav.
ua haujlwm tiav
Ib lub tsev nyob ua-nws-koj tus kheej los ntawm cov roj thaiv yog xyaum ua. Nws tseem yuav tsum ua kom tiav qhov tsim nyog ua tiav, ua tiav kev sib txuas lus tsim nyog rau lub neej xis nyob, nruab qhov rais thiab qhov rooj.
Facade xov ua haujlwm tuaj yeem pib tsuas yog thaum lub ru tsev thiab cornice overhangs tiav lawm. Qhov saum npoo yog preliminarily leveled nrog ib tug grater, thiab cov chips yog sau nrog mortar. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv txhua yam khoom siv. Hmoov zoo, kev lag luam niaj hnub muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv rau textures thiab xim.
Zoo kawg
Yog li, peb xav paub yuav ua li cas ua lub tsev los ntawm cov roj av nrog peb tus kheej tes. Cov lus qhia ib ntus yuav pab ua cov haujlwm tsim kho thiab cawm koj ntawm qhov ua yuam kev tag nrho.
