Tsis muaj qauv tsis muaj phab ntsa. Tab sis ua ntej pib nrog lawv cov kev tsim kho, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau txiav txim siab seb cov khoom yuav siv li cas. Kev xaiv yog qhov nyuaj heev, vim muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv - los ntawm cov ntoo tsoos mus rau cov khoom thaiv niaj hnub. Hnub no peb yuav tshuaj xyuas thiab sib piv ob yam khoom.
Qhov twg zoo dua - cib lossis ua npuas ncauj?
Ua ntej teb cov lus nug no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias cov khoom siv hauv tsev no yog dab tsi. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Cia peb pib nrog cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws thiab paub zoo - cib.
Lub cib yog dab tsi?
Qhov no yog pob zeb dag, muaj qhov tseeb, ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ntxhia (los ntawm cov av nplaum lossis cov cement, xuab zeb thiab txiv qaub) thiab raug kub kub hauv qhov cub. Cib yog silicate thiab ceramic. Ob hom no sib txawv hauv dej tsis kam, Frost tsis kam thiab nqi (silicate cib pheej yig dua). Tsis tas li ntawd, lub cib muab faib uacorpulent thiab hollow (slit). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv loj porous, thiab lwm yam.
Brick virtues
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, qhov nrov ntawm cov khoom siv no yog vim kev coj noj coj ua ntau dua li qhov muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov txiaj ntsig suav nrog:
- siab zog;
- zoo suab rwb thaiv tsev;
- kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig.
Cov phab ntsa cib yog qhov ruaj khov. Vim nws qhov loj me, cov khoom siv hauv tsev no tuaj yeem siv rau masonry nrog ntau yam khoom siv zoo nkauj thiab kev teeb tsa nyuaj.
Flaws
Dhau li qhov zoo, lub cib kuj muaj qee qhov tsis zoo.
- Ua ntej, cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem nqus dej noo zoo (qhov no tsuas yog siv rau silicate cib), vim qhov ntub dej tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
- Thib ob, nws qhov hnyav hnyav heev, yog li xav tau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb los thauj nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, thawj xyoo tom qab kev tsim kho, muaj qee qhov shrinkage ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov qauv.
- Thib peb, vim qhov loj ntawm lub cib me me, muaj cov nqi ua haujlwm ntau ntxiv (cov haujlwm ua haujlwm nce ntxiv thaum nws tso), tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum piv nrog cov blocks ntawm cov pob zeb aerated.
- Plaub, cib yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv kim tshaj plaws hauv tsev, thiab yog tias peb suav nrog cov nqi rwb thaiv tsev ntawm no, ces tus nqi ntawm brickwork yuav yog ib thiab ib nrab rau ob zaug.siab tshaj masonry los ntawm aerated qhob blocks.
Yuav ua li cas brickwork yog ntsia
Kev teeb tsa ntawm brickwork yog ua raws li hauv qab no: tam sim ntawd txiav txim siab theem, thickness ntawm seams thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm masonry. Thawj txheej ntawm cib yog nteg tawm hauv "txoj kev qhuav". Qhov no yog ua tiav txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tuab ntawm cov seams. Kab rov tav ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm bricks thiab verticality ntawm sab ntsiab yog soj ntsuam siv ib theem thiab ib tug kav dej kab. Thaum tso, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tsis txhob muaj ntau dhau ntawm cov cib nrog tshuaj khib.
Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum tau nteg ib lub cib ntsa
Thaum ua lub tsev cib, koj yuav xav tau cov cuab yeej hauv qab no:
- kab xev ntsuas thiab kav dej;
- qib thiab txoj cai;
- trowel;
- koom nrog thiab khawb;
- sand-cement mortar and shovel.
ua npuas ncauj yog dab tsi?
Nov yog ib yam khoom tshiab uas yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ua npuas ncauj (ib hom cellular pob zeb). Lub tom kawg, nyob rau hauv lem, yog tsim los ntawm ib tug yooj yim cement mortar, foaming neeg sawv cev, dej thiab xuab zeb. Lub resulting sib tov yog poured rau hauv tshwj xeeb pwm, nyob rau hauv uas nws solidifies.
Ua npuas ncauj muaj ob qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov npuas npuas
- Qhov no yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev muaj zog thiab ruaj khov, lub neej kev pabcuam tuaj yeem ncav cuag 50 xyoo lossis ntau dua.
- Lub teeb yuag ntawm cov khoom zoo heev pab txhawb kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm thiab, raws li, cuam tshuam qhov nrawm ntawm kev tsim kho phab ntsa.
- Vim nws cov qauv ntxeem tau, cov khoom siv no muaj cov thermal conductivity tsawg.
- Kev nyab xeeb siab thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg.
- Aerated vaj tsev muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm lub suab sab nraud, uas yooj yim heev yog tias lub tsev tab tom ua ze ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau lossis txoj kev loj.
- Cov khoom siv tsim muaj tus nqi kev ywj pheej, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv peb lub sijhawm.
- Ua npuas ncauj yog ib qho yooj yim rau txheej txheem: sib tsoo, txiav.
- Qhov muaj ntau ntawm cov pores tso cai rau lub tsev "ua pa", ua kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv microclimate hauv chav.
- Cov phab ntsa ntawm cov npuas npuas yog tsim sai txaus. Tsis zoo li cib, cov npuas npuas muaj qhov loj dua.
Flaws
Zoo li lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev, ua npuas ncauj muaj lawv qhov tsis zoo.
- Sab hauv thiab sab nrauv phab ntsa ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ua npuas ncauj yuav tsum tau cladding, vim lawv cov tsos tsis zoo nkauj nkaus xwb.
- Xaiv cov chaw tsim khoom kom zoo.
- Lub teeb yuag ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev tsis yog qhov zoo xwb, tab sis kuj yog qhov tsis zoo, vim nws lub zog qis dua li ntawm cib. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tsim tsev ob-zaj tsev.
- Lub thickness ntawm lub mortar nce thaum lub sij hawm masonry, uas txo cov suab rwb thaiv tsev.
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov ua npuas ncauj thiab cib. Ua li no, peb piv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb hauv qab nocov ntaub ntawv no:
- thermal conductivity;
- zog;
- sustainable;
- nqus dej;
- mounting nta;
- price.
Cib thiab ua npuas ncauj thaiv: kev sib piv ntawm lawv cov khoom
Los ntawm ib xyoos mus rau ib xyoos, ua npuas ncauj blocks tau nrov dua thiab suav tias yog cov khoom siv txhim khu kev qha thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim kho txhua yam ntawm cov tsev qis.
Qhov twg zoo dua - lub tsev cib lossis ua npuas ncauj thaiv tsev? Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias, raws li ntau yam ntxwv, cov npuas thaiv tawm ntawm lub cib kom deb li deb.
- Cov khoom thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov pob zeb ua npuas yuav luag peb zaug siab dua. Ntawd yog, cov tsev tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem khaws cov cua sov hauv chav. Yog li kev rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv yuav tsis tsim nyog kiag li. Rau cov tsev cib, cov txheej txheem zoo li no yuav tsum tau ua. Cib muaj ntau dua thermal conductivity, ntxiv rau, nws feem ntau ua damp, uas qhia tau hais tias yuav tsum tau thermal rwb thaiv tsev thiab cua sov ntawm qhov chaw.
- Cov dej tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev no yuav luag zoo ib yam. sib npaug. Qhov twg yog qhov zoo dua - ua npuas ncauj lossis cib? Ob qho tib si yog qhov cuam tshuam rau kev ya raws.
- Hais txog kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig, cov ntaub ntawv ua npuas ncauj yog nyob rau ntawm qib siab dua thiab mus txog ntuj ntoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv ntxeem tau ntawm cov khoom zoo li no tso cai rau cov phab ntsa kom "ua pa".
- Thaum xaiv: cib lossis ua npuas ncauj, cov khoom siv kawg yuav tsum ua ntej ntawm ntau yam. Cov txheej txheem installation yog sai dua, yooj yim dua thiab kev lag luam ntau dua. ATpiv rau cib, qhov loj ntawm cov npuas npuas yog li 20 npaug loj dua, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yuav siv sij hawm tsawg dua los tso cov blocks.
- Txawm hais tias qhov ua npuas ncauj blocks muaj qhov tsis zoo, lawv qiv lawv tus kheej zoo rau kev ua haujlwm (milling, sawing, thiab lwm yam), uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los siv ntau yam kev daws teeb meem architectural (khoom zoo nkauj, ntau theem overlay ntawm facade, thiab lwm yam). Koj tuaj yeem tsim cov vaj tsev zoo heev los ntawm cib, txij li hnub no muaj ntau ntau hom thiab xim ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Yuav xaiv dab tsi: ua npuas ncauj los yog cib? Thawj ntawm lawv qhib qhov muaj peev xwm ntau dua thaum kho kom zoo nkauj sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev, thiab vim tias lawv tso cai rau txhua qhov tiav (piv txwv li, plastering, painting, siding).
- Qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsev cib yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm cov av ua ntej pib ua haujlwm. Raws li txoj cai, lub tsev cib xav tau lub hauv paus muaj zog, uas ua rau lub sijhawm, nyiaj txiag thiab nqi zog. Qhov hnyav ntawm ib lub tsev ua npuas ncauj yog ob peb zaug tsawg dua lawv cov cib, yog li tsis tas yuav tsum tau nteg lub hauv paus muaj zog. Thiab qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev txuag nyiaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tias yuav luag ib nrab ntawm cov nyiaj faib rau kev tsim kho vaj tse, raws li txoj cai, mus rau lub hauv paus. Yog li ntawd, qhov twg yog qhov zoo dua rau kev tsim kho - ua npuas ncauj blocks lossis cib? Cov lus teb yog pom tseeb.
- Tej zaum tsuas yog qhov taw qhia uas ua npuas ncauj ua tsis zoo rau cib yog lub zog. Tias yog vim li cas cib feem ntau yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm ntau lub tsev. Thiab tom qab ib pliag,cov cib fim, koj tuaj yeem tsim lub tsev thib ob ib-zaj tsev nyob ze, lub tsev da dej lossis chaw nres tsheb - ua npuas ncauj txuas ntxiv mus rau lub tsev cib yog lub tswv yim zoo! Yog tias xav tau, koj tuaj yeem tsim lub tsev nyob rau tib lub sijhawm los ntawm kev ua npuas ncauj thiab cib. (cov kabmob phab ntsa yuav cib, thiab cov npuas npuas yuav ua raws li cov txheej txheem cua sov). Koj tuaj yeem siv cov blocks los ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev, nrog cov cib ua cov txheej txheem zoo nkauj.
Txhua tus yam ntxwv no tsuas yog siv rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev zoo xwb. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov cuab yeej siv rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv ua npuas ncauj yog qhov yooj yim heev, thiab txhawm rau tsim cov khoom zoo nrog cov khoom teev saum toj no, cov khoom xyaw nrog qee cov yam ntxwv yuav tsum tau siv, kev siv tshuab thiab ntau npaum ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum nruj me ntsis. pom.
Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis tas yuav tsum tau ntawv pov thawj rau kev tsim cov khoom thaiv, yog li muaj qhov tshwm sim ntau ntawm kev tau txais ib qho cuav. Tias yog vim li cas nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los yuav cov khoom siv hauv tsev no los ntawm cov tuam txhab muaj npe nrov nrog lub koob npe nrov.
Thaum yuav khoom, koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau lawv cov tsos. Yuav tsum tsis muaj stains, tawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xim ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum yog uniform.
Price sib piv
Thaum xaiv ntawm ob cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias qhov twg pheej yig dua - cib lossis ua npuas ncauj?
Yuav kom paub, peb thov kom muab xam.
Brick wall. Txhawm rau xam tus nqi ntawm ib square meter ntawm phab ntsa cib, cia peb ua ob lub cib ua piv txwv. NwsQhov ntev - 260x219x510 mm. Lub thickness ntawm lub cib ntsa yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 50 cm (lub thickness ntawm ib tug ob chav cib yog li ntawd). Rau ib square meter ntawm masonry, 17 daim thiab 22.45 litres ntawm mortar yuav tsum tau. Tus nqi qis tshaj ntawm ib lub cib yog 98 rubles, thiab tus nqi ntawm mortar - los ntawm 2300 rubles / m³
Peb ua qhov suav: (17 x 98) + (2300 x 0.02245)=1717 rubles / m².
Yog li, tus nqi ntawm 1m² ntawm phab ntsa yog 1717 rubles
Ua npuas ncauj thaiv phab ntsa. Txhawm rau xam tus nqi ntawm ib square meter ntawm phab ntsa ua npuas ncauj, cia peb ua npuas npuas nrog qhov loj ntawm 600x300x200 mm
Ua 1m² ntawm masonry, koj yuav xav tau 11 daim ntawm cov khoom no muaj nqis 2900 rubles. ib m³ thiab 70 kg ntawm tov. Txij li thaum muaj 27.77 daim hauv 1 m³, tus nqi ntawm 1 block yuav yog 104.42 rubles.
Ua qhov suav: (11 x 104.42) + (70 x 2.90)=1351.62 rubles / m².
Yog li, tus nqi ntawm 1m² ntawm phab ntsa ua npuas ncauj yog 1351.62 rubles
Dab tsi yog pheej yig dua - ua npuas ncauj lossis cib? Kev tsim tsev los ntawm cov blocks yog pheej yig dua thiab yooj yim dua vim qhov loj.
Yog li, peb piv cov khoom siv hauv tsev no, thiab xaiv dab tsi - cib lossis ua npuas ncauj - koj txiav txim siab.
