Kev tsim lub tsev cib yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab lub luag haujlwm hauv lub neej ntawm tsev neeg. Txhawm rau ua txoj haujlwm nyuaj no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los nyiam cov kws tshaj lij, nrog rau kev yuav ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev. Cib yog suav tias yog cov khoom siv tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim rau kev tsim lub tsev.
Kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev cib faib ua ntau theem, peb yuav txiav txim siab ntxiv.
Kev tsim qauv
Kev tsim lub tsev cib yog thawj kauj ruam hauv kev tsim. Yuav kom lub tsev sawv ntsug rau ntau xyoo lawm, nws sov, qhuav thiab xis nyob rau hauv, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov lus qhia ntawm cov kws txawj:
- Kev npaj lub tsev ua ntej kev tsim kho yuav tsum tau ua tom qab kev yuav khoom ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov kev xav tau no tshwm sim vim qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev thiab thaj av cuam tshuam rau cov qauv.
- Ua ntej xaj qhov project hauv tsev, yuav tsum tau suav ua ntej ntawm tus nqi tag nrho.
- Nyob rau theem tsim, kev tsim lub tsev yav tom ntej tau pom zoo, nrog rau kev npaj ntawm tag nrho thaj chaw nyob, nws tus naj npawb ntawm storeys.
- Tus tsim yuav tsumqhia qhov tseeb qhov chaw ntawm chav dej, cable channel, dej phwj tuaj thiab rooj tog.
- Nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev ntiav, yuav tsum muaj ib qho chaw rau chav boiler nyob ze ntawm chav ua noj.
- Thaum ua tiav qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm chav tsev thiab chav nyob, koj yuav tsum ua kom txhua tus neeg hauv tsev neeg yuav nyob tau yooj yim.
Nuances hauv tsev tsim
Kev txhim kho ntawm txoj kev npaj yuav tsum pib, suav nrog txhua qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv tsev yav tom ntej. Tsuas yog tom qab nrhiav tau tag nrho cov kev nyiam, koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov kev tsim kho. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, sau cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- plot documentation;
- tsaws hauv tsev ntawm thaj av faib;
- ua tiav tsev npaj;
- tsev facade hauv axes;
- ru tsev sketch;
- qhov ntau thiab tsawg qhov rooj;
- qhov chaw ntawm txoj kev tso pa tawm thiab tshem tawm cov pa luam yeeb;
- hom foundation;
- phiaj xwm rau qhov chaw ntawm cov kav dej phwj tuaj, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov xaim, dej thiab cua sov;
- specification ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Tsis tas yuav thov rau kev txhim kho qhov project rau kev tsim vaj tsev cib rau cov kws tshaj lij, koj tuaj yeem ua rau koj tus kheej, lossis siv cov phiaj xwm npaj ua tiav ntawm cov tsev tsim qauv. Lub sijhawm rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug yog xam nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim ib qhov project. Kev suav ntawm lo lus nyob ntawm ntau yam:
- zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv los tsim cov tsev cib;
- ntau tus neeg cog lus;
- dim thiab tsim complexity;
- caij nyoog thiab huab cua.
kwv yees kev txhim kho
Thaum lub sijhawm txhim kho lub tsev, kev kwv yees tau ua tib lub sijhawm. Qhov no yog ib daim ntawv uas tsis muaj tus tsim yuav tau mus ua hauj lwm. Cov ntaub ntawv no teev cov sijhawm kawg thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv nyiaj hauv kev tsim kho ib lub tsev yog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, nrog rau kev them nyiaj rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg cog lus. Kev suav tseeb ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho yog ua raws li cov hauv qab no:
- Ntau ntawm kev npaj ua haujlwm.
- Technologies siv rau hauv kev tsim kho.
- Hnub Kawg mus txog thaum xa khoom rau tus neeg siv khoom.
- Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tuam txhab koom nrog kev txhim kho cov phiaj xwm, kwv yees, yuav khoom.
Cov ntaub ntawv rau npe tsev tshiab
Tom qab qhov project thiab cov lus qhia tau npaj tiav, nws yuav tsum tau txais daim ntawv tso cai tsim tsev los ntawm kev tswj hwm hauv nroog lossis cheeb tsam. Ua li no, cov ntaub ntawv rau lub tsev yav tom ntej raug xa mus rau cov neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas. Tom qab kev pom zoo los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, koj tuaj yeem ua yam xyuam xim mus rau kev yuav khoom thiab cov khoom siv rau kev tsim kho.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm pib tsim tsuas yog thaum qhov project, kwv yees thiab kev tso cai rau kev tsim lub tsev cib ntiag tug tau npaj tiav, thiab tus tswv ntawm thaj av tau txais kev tso cai los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm rau hom haujlwm no. Tsis tas li, koj tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj kev yuav khoom hauv tsev.
Npaj av
Npaj ua haujlwm rau ntawm qhov chaw uas npaj kev tsim kho ntawm lub cibtsim, suav nrog ntau yam haujlwm:
- cua av rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov khib nyiab thiab cov nroj tsuag;
- kos rau thaj chaw hauv qab.
Thaum kos daim av rau kev tsim kho, ntau txoj cai yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab:
- cim yuav tsum ua raws li sab nrauv thiab sab hauv ntawm phab ntsa load-bearing;
- hlau rods thiab hlua yog siv rau txoj haujlwm no;
- lub trench yuav tsum tau khawb nruj raws li lub cim;
- nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev khawb, cov kws txawj pom zoo kom nce lub qhov los ntawm 30-40 cm dav. Qhov no yog ua kom yooj yim thaum lub sij hawm nchuav cov cement thiab kev teeb tsa cov txheej txheem dej.
Tsim lub hauv paus
Lub hauv paus ntawm txhua tus qauv yog lub hauv paus. Nws yuav tsum muaj zog txaus los tiv thaiv lub nra. Rau kev tsim kho ntawm ib lub tsev cib ntiag tug, feem ntau siv daim kab xev hauv paus.
Qhov tob ntawm lub trench npaj rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus yog nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm storeys ntawm lub tsev. Rau ib lub tsev nrog ib lossis ob lub plag tsev, nws yog qhov txaus los khawb qhov tob ntawm 1.5 meters, rau lub tsev siab dua, lub hauv paus yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv av tsawg kawg yog ob meters.
Kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus yog ua nyob rau hauv ob peb theem:
- Formwork yog ntsia rau hauv ib lub trench ntawm txaus qhov tob, uas yuav tsum protrude txog 20 cm saum toj no cov av theem.
- Nyob hauv qab ntawm lub qhov, rubble yog nchuav. Qhov siab ntawm embankment yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 5 cm.
- Tom qab ntawd cov hlau yuav tsum tau nruab.
- Tom qab ntawd, cov neeg tsim khoom nteg cov khoom embedded raumuab cov cuab yeej sib txuas lus.
- Cov kauj ruam kawg yog ua kom lub trench nrog pob zeb. Tom qab cov tshuaj tau qhuav tag (kwv yees li ib hlis), lub formwork raug tshem tawm thiab waterproofing yog nqa tawm.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij phooj ywg sawv daws
Rau kev tsim kho ob lub tsev cib thiab tsev, lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev nyob yog npog nrog ib txheej ntawm rwb thaiv tsev. Nws yog tsim nyog los tiv thaiv dej los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv qab daus. Raws li txheej tiv thaiv, hydroisol lossis cov khoom siv vov tsev yog siv.
Ntau yam cib
Tus nqi ntawm kev tsim lub tsev cib ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Rau kev tsim vaj tsev ntiav, ob hom cib feem ntau yog siv - silicate thiab ceramic.
Silicate cov khoom siv hauv tsev muaj quartz xuab zeb thiab txiv qaub. Nws muaj cov qauv ntxeem tau, ua tsaug rau cov cuab yeej no, cov phab ntsa tso pa oxygen rau hauv chav. Nws kuj tau qhuas rau nws zoo thermal thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub cib muaj qhov hnyav hnyav, uas yooj yim rau kev tsim kho tag nrho ntawm lub tsev.
hom cib no tau muab faib ua ob hom, nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom: hollow thiab khoom.
Ceramic bricks yog tsim los ntawm cov av nplaum zoo. Nws muaj lub zog siab, txaus tiv taus rau sab nraud cuam tshuam thiab muaj cov thermal conductivity zoo.
Kev tsim vaj tsev cib thiab tsev tsev kuj tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic nrog cov qauv ntxeem tau. Cov khoom zoo li no kuj muaj zog heev thiab txuag cua sov thaum lub caij txias.
Kev siv cov ceramics hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev turnkey cib yuav tsis tsuas yog lub zog, tab sis kuj muaj kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig, vim tias cov khoom siv no yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom.
Bricklaying
Tom qab npaj lub hauv paus, koj yuav tsum pib ua cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev. Thaum tso cib, koj yuav tsum ua raws li ntau txoj cai:
- Lub tsev pib ntawm kaum tsev.
- Yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov cib uas nyob ib sab.
- Daim ntawv cog lus ntawm cib yuav tsum ntseeg tau, koj tsis tuaj yeem txuag ntawm cov cement mortar.
- Txhua lub cib tom qab kev teeb tsa yuav tsum tau tapping kom tshem tawm airiness.
- Ib lub pob zeb pob zeb tau txhim kho rau saum cov cib.
- Rau txawm masonry, ib theem thiab kab rov tav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug stretched qaum yog siv.
Tsim lub ru tsev
Lub ru tsev rau lub tsev tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau yam duab, tab sis qhov sib lawv liag ntawm nws qhov kev tsim kho tseem zoo ib yam:
- Ua ntej, lub tsev hauv tsev yog ua.
- Tom qab ntawd lub tshuab ntoo yog ntsia.
- Tom ntej no, lub crate yog mounted.
- Kev tiv thaiv dej thiab rwb thaiv tsev yog pw rau saum cov qauv tsim.
- Nyob rau theem kawg, lub tsho tiv no tiav lawm.
Tiav cov phab ntsa sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev
Tom qab ua tiav kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev turnkey cib, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo nkauj tiav.phab ntsa sab nrauv. Cov style feem ntau ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj yog suav tias yog "lub teb chaws". Qhov no yog rustic architectural kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev nyob.
Qhov style no suav nrog kev kho lub tsev nrog cov khoom siv ntuj tsim xwb. Lub façade yog plastered nrog ntxiv whitewashing los yog cladding nrog ntau yam khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj.
Tag nrho cov nqi tsim kho
Tus nqi ntawm kev tsim lub tsev ua vaj tsev turnkey cib tsis muaj kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv pib ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 2 lab rubles. Rau cov nyiaj no, tus tswv tau txais ib lub tsev ua raws li tus qauv lossis qhov project tsim tshiab, cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm thaj chaw, kev ua haujlwm geological thiab lav txog ntau xyoo rau kev ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Thaum ua tiav daim ntawv cog lus, yuav tsum ua tib zoo them rau cov ntsiab lus, lub luag haujlwm ntawm ob tog, lub sijhawm lav, cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim kho.
Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob caum tus nqi qis tshaj thaum tsim lub tsev cib, vim tias qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam no yog qhov zoo, cov neeg ua haujlwm paub txog thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev zoo. Kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub tsev, kev nplij siab ntawm tsev neeg thiab lawv txoj kev nyab xeeb thaum nyob hauv tsev yog nyob ntawm qhov kev xaiv zoo.
