Nyob hauv kev tsim vaj tse thiab vaj tse, ntau cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom siv. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom no yog cov kua qaub. Dab tsi yog nws, cov khoom siv thiab kev siv yog dab tsi?
Kev piav qhia
Kev tsim cov huab cua txiv qaub yog cov khoom uas tau txais los ntawm kev tua cov txiv qaub thiab txiv qaub-magnesium carbonate pob zeb ntawm qhov kub ntawm 900-1250 degrees. Yog li ntawd, cov pa roj carbon dioxide raug tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm lawv, feem ntau yog calcium thiab magnesium oxide nyob hauv cov khoom xyaw.
Me me av nplaum, quartz xuab zeb kuj tau tso cai. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov nyiaj yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 6-8%, txwv tsis pub cov khoom tuaj yeem poob nws cov khoom thiab tig mus rau hauv hydraulic txiv qaub.
Ntau yam
Muaj ntau hom khoom tseem ceeb:
Air quicklime pob yog ib yam khoom ntawm roasting txiv qaub pob zeb thiab muaj cov tsos ntawm tsim daim ntawm ntau thiab tsawg. Nws muaj calcium thiab magnesium oxide, thiab tej zaum yuav muaj impurities ntawm calcium carbonate, silicate, aluminate, calcium thiab magnesium ferrite, uas tsis decompose thaum tshav kub kub kho
Av nrawm yog pob txiv qaub crushed rau hmoov. Lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yog tib yam
- Air hydrated txiv qaub yog cov hmoov tawg heev, uas tau txais los ntawm slaking pob lossis hauv av ceev. Cov txheej txheem yog ua los ntawm kev txau cov kua lossis dej vaporous. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov txheej txheem yog hloov cov calcium thiab magnesium oxides rau hauv lawv cov hydrates. Cov dej noo ntawm cov khoom tiav yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 5%.
- txiv qaub kua txiv yog ib yam khoom ntawm quenching pob lossis av txiv qaub nrog dej ntau. Qhov tshwm sim yog cov khoom yas uas muaj txog li 50% kua.
Nyob ntawm qhov concentration ntawm magnesium oxide, cov hauv qab no cov txiv qaub yog qhov txawv:
- magnesian;
- calcium;
- dolometic.
Kev ua ntawm txiv qaub yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov oxides ntawm calcium thiab magnesium. Raws li, qhov siab dua lawv tus lej, qhov zoo dua ntawm cov khoom siv.
Kuj, raws li cov qauv, txiv qaub sib txawv hauv kev nrawm nrawm:
- fast-extinguishing muaj qhov tua ceev li ntawm 8 feeb;
- nruab nrab tua - tsis pub dhau 25 feeb;
- slow fading - dhau 25 feeb.
Tus nqi quench yog txiav txim siab txij li lub sijhawm cov kua ntxiv mus txog rau thaum qhov kub ntawm qhov loj pib txo.
Raw material
Txhawm rau kom tau txais lub tsev huab cua,Cov khoom siv hauv qab no yuav tsum tau kho kom sov:
- fine-grained crystalline limestone-marble;
- dense limestones;
- calcareous tuff;
- dolomic limestone;
pure limestones
Ntawm tag nrho cov khoom lag luam nthuav tawm rau huab cua txiv qaub, nplua-grained crystalline limestone-marble yog siv tsawg kawg nkaus, vim nws tau nce cov khoom zoo nkauj uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev siv.
Properties
Ntau hom khoom siv hauv tsev muaj qhov sib txawv. Cov khoom ntawm huab cua txiv qaub tuaj yeem ua raws li hauv qab no:
- Qhov tseeb qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom siv ceev nrawm txawv ntawm 3.1 txog 3.3 g / cm 3 thiab nyob ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov kev tua hluav taws.
- Qhov nruab nrab ntom ntawm cov txiv qaub tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 1.6 txog 2.9 g / cm 3. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb no kuj tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho cua sov.
- Ntau qhov ceev rau hauv av ceev yog 900-1100 kg/m 3 nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev xoob, rau hydrated txiv qaub - 400-500 kg / m 3 , rau txiv qaub - 1300-1400 kg/m3.
- Air txiv qaub muaj cov cuab yeej ntawm plasticity. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau viscosity ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Cov txiv qaub mortars yog ib qho yooj yim mus thov thiab kis mus rau saum npoo, muab zoo adhesion rau cib los yog pob zeb thiab yog dej-retaining.
- Kev xav tau dej thiabdej-retaining muaj peev xwm nyob ntawm seb hom khoom. Cov yam ntxwv siab tshaj plaws yog slaked hmoov los yog muab tshuaj txhuam zoo li txiv qaub, qis tshaj plaws - av quicklime.
- Lub sijhawm hardening ntawm huab cua txiv qaub kuj nyob ntawm hom khoom. Yog li, piv txwv li, slaked hardens qeeb heev, thaum cov xuab zeb sai sai twb 15-20 feeb tom qab thov. Tsis tas li ntawd, daim duab no yuav txawv raws li txheej ntawm cov khoom thiab cov xwm txheej.
- Kev hloov pauv. Mortars raws li huab cua txiv qaub yuav raug hloov xws li ziab shrinkage, o, hloov ntim tsis sib xws.
- Lub zog ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem. Piv txwv li, qeeb-teeb mortars muaj zog tsawg, tsis zoo li ceev-teeb sawv daws yuav.
Lub durability ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob ntawm ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv lawv cov yam ntxwv zoo pib thiab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm hardening thiab ua hauj lwm. Yog li, cov kev mob qhuav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov tsev.
Khoom zoo
Air txiv qaub muaj qhov zoo hauv qab no:
- hygroscopicity - cov khoom siv tiv taus cov av noo siab, thaum nws cov yam ntxwv zoo tsis hloov;
- tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm qhov chaw uas siv tshuaj, thaum rhuav tshem tag nrho cov kab mob phem thiab pwm;
- khoom muaj ntxhiab tsw nruab nrab;
- versatility - sib npaug efficiency thaum siv raws li nyob raucov txheej qub, thiab ntawm qhov ntxuav.
Ntxiv rau, kev tsim cov cua txiv qaub tsis kim heev, yog li tus nqi ntawm cov khoom kawg yog tus nqi pheej yig heev rau cov neeg siv khoom.
Flaws
Zoo li txhua yam khoom siv hauv tsev, huab cua txiv qaub tuaj yeem muaj qhov tsis zoo:
- qhov ua tau ntawm npuas lossis tawg tuaj tshwm thaum sib tov hardens yog tias lub mortar raug ua yuam kev;
- thaum ua haujlwm nrog txiv qaub, koj yuav tsum ua raws li qee qhov kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb - siv hnab looj tes, lub npog ntsej muag tiv thaiv thiab lub tshuab ua pa, vim tias cov khoom yog caustic dhau lawm.
Yuav kom tau qhov sib tov zoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia uas tau qhia rau ntawm tus kheej ntim nrog cov khoom.
Uss
Cov khoom no yog ntau yam. Cov kev siv dav tshaj plaws ntawm kev siv cua txiv qaub yog:
- Kev tua kab mob ntawm thaj chaw. Ua li no, txiv qaub yog diluted mus rau lub xeev ua kua thiab siv los kho cov chav. Tom qab cov txheej txheem no, pwm pwm tsis tsim rau ntawm phab ntsa.
- Ua cua sov. Thaum cov txiv qaub yog tov nrog sawdust thiab gypsum, ib qho pheej yig thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg rwb thaiv tsev yog tau, uas yog nyob rau hauv kev thov nyob rau hauv private siv.
- Thaum tso cib, cov txiv qaub yuav tsum tau ua kom cov adhesion ntawm qhov chaw.
- txiv qaub yog ib feem ntawm ntau qhov sib xyaw ntawm plaster, slag pob zeb, xim thiab kua roj vanish txheej.
Slaked thiab quicklime ntau yam khoom muajcov khoom sib txawv, yog li lawv tau siv rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Piv txwv li, quicklime yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau ntawm qhov cub thiab lwm qhov chaw sov, vim tias nws tuaj yeem tso cov pa roj carbon dioxide, uas yog tshuaj lom rau tib neeg.
Slaked txiv qaub yog siv rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
whitewashing tsev, ciam teb, ntoo;
- hauv kev lag luam rau kev ua cov tawv tawv tiag tiag, vim nws muaj cov khoom muag muag;
- tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm lub qhov ncauj thiab cov kwj dej hauv kev kho hniav;
- txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom cov adhesion ntawm cov xuab zeb-cement compounds hauv kev tsim kho;
- yog cov khoom noj ntxiv E526 uas pab sib xyaw cov khoom tsis sib txuas;
- ua zaub ntxiv rau tsiaj ua liaj ua teb.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv yog siv los ntxuav cov dej phwj tuaj thiab cov dej khib nyiab thaum lawv kho ntawm cov nroj tsuag kho.
Yuav ua li cas slake txiv qaub?
Hnub no, koj tuaj yeem yuav ntau yam khoom siv, suav nrog kev npaj siv slaked. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov xwm txheej uas yuav xav kom koj ua koj tus kheej.
Yuav kom tau cov txiv qaub slaked, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv dej rau nws. Cov kua reacts nrog calcium oxide, tso tawm ntau cov cua sov thiab carbon dioxide. Cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim vim qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov dej mus rau hauv chav, uas loosens txiv qaub lumps mus rau ib feem zoo.
Kom tau txais cov dej muaj pes tsawg leeg - fluff, koj xav tauntxiv kua nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum li ntawm 70-100% ntawm tag nrho cov luj ntawm txiv qaub. Yuav kom tau txais cov kua qaub hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv dej hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 3: 1, qhov twg 3 yog limestone.
cov lus qhia pab tau
Zoo ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm kev siv, txiv qaub yog diluted nyob rau hauv sib txawv proportions:
- rau ntxuav phab ntsa thiab qab nthab, koj yuav tsum noj 1 kg hmoov thiab 2 liv dej;
- rau kev ua cov ntoo trunks, 1 kg ntawm cov khoom yog noj rau 4 litres kua.
Thaum ua haujlwm tsim kho, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo ua raws li cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
- Thaum siv los ua plaster sib tov, ntxiv me me ntawm cov ntawv nplaum. Nws yuav ua kom sib tov muaj zog.
- Hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tais diav zoo nkauj, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov roj ziab kom qhuav (1/3 tsp ib 1 liter ntawm cov khoom xyaw) kom cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv qhov tsis zoo sab nraud.
Ntxiv rau, cov txiv qaub sib xyaw tuaj yeem pleev xim yog tias tsim nyog. Rau cov hom phiaj no, cov xim xiav lossis cov xim latex yog siv.
Kev nyab xeeb
txiv qaub yog cov khoom siv caustic, yog li thaum sib cuag nrog nws, koj yuav tsum ua raws li qee txoj cai:
- sib tov sib xyaw lossis quenching yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tshwj xeeb hauv cov thawv hlau;
- tsis txhob tso tseg kev siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv - hnab looj tes, daim npog qhov ncauj, lub tshuab ua pa;
- thaum slaking txiv qaub, ntau cov cua sov thiab roj tso tawm, yog li nws tsis xav tau lean hla lub nkoj thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm;
- nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum ua kom tua hluav taws hauv huab cua ntshiab, zoo li hauvCov txheej txheem tso tawm cov roj uas muaj tshuaj lom rau tib neeg.
Tsis tas li, koj tsis tuaj yeem rub cov ntawv sau nrog koj txhais tes, txawm tias lawv hnav hnab looj tes tiv thaiv.
Storage rules
Muaj ib txheej me me rau kev khaws cia limestone:
- khaws cia ntawm cov khoom lag luam nrawm yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv chav qhuav qhuav hauv lub hnab tsis muaj dej los yog lub thawv, txawm tias me ntsis ya raws tuaj yeem pib txheej txheem tua;
- thaum khaws cov khoom hauv lub hnab ntawv, nws lub txee lub neej thaum qhib tau txo mus rau ib hlis, vim cov txiv qaub poob nws cov khoom sai sai;
- Chav tsev cia khoom yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov plag tsev ntoo uas tau tsa 30 cm siab saum av.
Kev ua txhaum ntawm cov lus pom zoo cia yog fraught tsis tsuas yog nrog kev tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv, tab sis kuj tseem muaj hluav taws kub yog tias cov txiv qaub ze rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nws tseem txwv tsis pub siv dej los tua cov limestone, tsuas yog cov tshuaj tua hluav taws tso cai xwb.
Burns
Yog tias tsis ua raws li kev ceev faj txog kev nyab xeeb, tshuaj lom neeg puas tsuaj rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, mucous daim nyias nyias lossis cov kab mob ua pa tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Cov alkali, uas cov tshuaj muaj, nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem tob ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov txhab yog loj npaum li cas ntawm thaj tsam ntawm daim tawv nqaij sib cuag nrog txiv qaub. Cov ntaub so ntswg cuam tshuam ib feem poob lawv lub peev xwm rov tsim dua tshiab, qhov txhab kho yuav siv sij hawm ntev. Kev sib cuag nrog cov mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub qhov muag yuav ua rau o los yog ib feem ntawm qhov muag tsis pom kev uas muaj kev puas tsuaj loj.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum hu rau pab neeg kho mob tam sim ntawd tom qab tau txais qhov kub hnyiabkev pab thawj zaug. Nws raug nquahu kom ntxuav cov tawv nqaij tom qab kev sib cuag nrog slaked txiv qaub nrog dej txias. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug burning nov ntawm nqaij tawv, nws yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub siv dej los ntxuav. Koj tuaj yeem sim tshem tawm cov seem nrog ib daim ntaub mos, thiab siv cov roj los yog lwm yam roj rau qhov mob ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab tom qab ntawd npog nrog ib daim ntaub mos muag. Cov tshuaj kho mob tuaj yeem siv los txo qhov mob.
