Kev tuav arc vuam yog hu ua li ntawd vim tias txhua qhov yuav tsum tau ua yog ua los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij welder. Nws lub luag haujlwm suav nrog kev pib thiab tswj cov arc, txav cov arc tiv tauj hla qhov sib txawv uas xav tau, thiab muab cov electrodes tshiab los hloov cov khoom siv. Qhov zoo ntawm cov welded sib koom ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov welder. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntaus lub arc sai sai, ua tib zoo xyuas kom meej tias nws qhov ntev tsis hloov pauv, thiab tseem txuas ob qhov sib npaug.
Kev tuav vuam muaj qee qhov kev faib tawm. Piv txwv li, raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov electrodes siv, vuam nrog ib lossis ob lub electrodes yog qhov txawv, nrog rau ntau cov electrode vuam. Muaj peb-theem thiab ib-theem arcs, thaum lub sijhawm tam sim no tuaj yeem hloov pauv lossis tas li.
Tam sim no, vuam ntawm alternating lossis ncaj qha tam sim no siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau dhau los. Tau kawg, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los txuas ib feem siv vuam. Piv txwv li, nrog kev tsim ntawm ntau hom seams (nrog flanging). Txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov nqaj hlau electrodes, thiab thaum vuam ntau yam alloys thiab cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, tungsten electrodes yog siv.electrodes.
Kev tuav vuam muaj cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb. Thaum vuam qhov chaw, siv ntau yam electrodes, uas tuaj yeem siv tau thiab tsis siv. Thawj tuaj yeem ua los ntawm vuam hlau nrog cov txheej tshwj xeeb. Xws li sputtering yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov hluav taws xob arc, muab cov slags thiab oxides ntawm cov hlau nto uas tiv thaiv lub pas dej ua ke los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog ib puag ncig, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv thaj tsam arc los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog huab cua.
Kev tuav vuam tuaj yeem ua tau raws li ntau qhov chaw ib puag ncig thiab ntau yam roj. Piv txwv li, phau ntawv argon arc vuam (argon), cua vuam, thiab lwm yam.
Raws li GOST 9466-75, electrodes tau muab faib ua ntau hom.
1. Los ntawm kev teem caij:
- qis alloy qauv thiab carbon steels;
- alloy steels;
- alloy kub resistant steels;
- siab alloy structural steels.
2. Los ntawm hom thiab hom:
- standard;
- non-standard.
3. Raws li lub thickness ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag txheej:
- thin;
- nruab nrab;
- thick;
- tuab heev.
4. Los ntawm hom electrode txheej:
- acid;
- rutile;
- cellulose;
- hlau hmoov txheej.
5. Raws li qhov tso cai spatial txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov electrodes:
- rau txhua txoj haujlwm;
- rau lwm yam uas tsis yog ntsug phau ntawv vuam;
- rau hauv qab thiab kab rov tav ntawm lub dav hlau ntsug;
- rau qis "hauv nkoj".
6. Raws li qhov polarity ntawm vuam tam sim no siv:
- ncig;
- reverse;
- ib.
7. Los ntawm hom vuam tam sim no:
- permanent;
- variable.
Kev tuav vuam xav tias cov hlau uas tso nrog cov electrodes yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv vuam thiab cov hlau tso rau ntawm nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv txoj kab nrog cov qauv ntawm GOST 9467-75.
