pob zeb yog cov khoom siv pob zeb tsim los tsim, uas tau los ntawm kev molding thiab kho qhov sib xyaw kom zoo, suav nrog cov ntawv khi, dej, thiab nplua thiab ntxhib sib xyaw. Tag nrho cov no undergoes yuav tsum tau compaction. Qee zaum, cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb yog siv, thiab hauv cov asph alt pob zeb, dej tsis siv tas li.
Cov ntsiab lus
Ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais, pob zeb yog sib xyaw ntawm cov cement thiab dej, raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov cement pob zeb tsim, fastening cov nplej ntawm cov fillers siv rau hauv ib qho monolith. Cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm pob zeb yog nyob ntawm cov khoom no. Lawv hloov nws cov degree ntawm porosity, teb rau loads, hardening lub sij hawm, thiab kuj txo qhov deformation ntawm pob zeb thaum nws hardening. Qhob tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev tseem ceeb hauv txhua qhov chaw vim tias nws muab sijhawm txaus rau kev tau txais cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov khoom sib txawv nrogntxiv ntau hom fillers. Nws yog cov yam ntxwv uas qhib tau ntau yam kev siv.
pob zeb yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov nrog cov qib siab ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, nws qhov ntom ntom, lub zog thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem hloov pauv, muab qee yam khoom tshwj xeeb. Nrog rau kev ua kom zoo, qhov sib tov tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov qauv uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm qhov pom ntawm architecture thiab cov txheej txheem mechanics.
keeb kwm me ntsis
Raws li cov khoom siv hauv tsev tsim muaj cov dej, cov khoom ntim thiab cov ntawv khi, cov pob zeb tau paub txij thaum ub los. Ntau tshaj xya txhiab xyoo dhau los, nws tau siv los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Mesopotamia rau kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab vaj tse. Nws kuj tau siv los ntawm cov tsim ntawm Great Pyramids. Cov neeg Loos thaum ub tau coj kev tsim vaj tsev mus rau qib tshiab - lawv tau tso tseg tsis yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov tsev, tab sis kuj tag nrho cov vaj tse pob zeb. Cov qauv tsim ntawm Roman txoj kev, domes, vaults thiab pem teb ua los ntawm cov khoom no tsis tau poob lawv qhov tseem ceeb txawm tias tam sim no. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, thev naus laus zis ntawm kev ua Roman pob zeb tau ploj mus tsis tau.
Tau kawg, cov pob zeb qub tsis zoo ib yam li cov pob zeb niaj hnub. Nws qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb nyob hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tsis muaj cement nyob rau hauv nws. Gypsum, txiv qaub los yog av nplaum tau siv los ua tus khi.
Ntse
Lub zog ntawm pob zeb yog nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv. Los ntawm lub tswv yim no nws yog kev cai los txhais tau tias lub peev xwm ntawm cov pob zeb tiv thaiv cov teebmeem ntawm kev tawm tsam hnyav thiab sab nraud mechanical rog. Tus nqi no yog txiav txim los ntawm txoj kev tswj hwm: ultrasonic thiab mechanical. GOST 18105-86 qhia cov kev cai rau kev sim lub zog ntawm pob zeb rau kev khoov, nro thiab compression. Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv yog cov coefficient ntawm kev sib txawv, uas qhia tau hais tias homogeneity ntawm qhov sib tov.
Raws li GOST 10180-67, kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub zog tensile ntawm pob zeb yog ua los ntawm compressing ib lub voos xwmfab nrog lub tav loj ntawm 200 millimeters thaum muaj hnub nyoog 28 hnub. Hom no feem ntau hu ua cubic zog. Ntxiv rau GOSTs, SNiPs kuj tseem siv los txiav txim siab lub zog. Piv txwv li, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus stripping lub zog ntawm cov pob zeb ntawm kab rov tav unloaded lug nrog ib tug ncua sij hawm txog li 6 meters yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 70% ntawm lub zog tsim, thiab nrog ib tug ntev ntawm ntau tshaj 6 meters - 80% ntawm lub zog tsim. Hauv qhov no, nws yog lub zog uas yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Zoo li cov pob zeb ntuj, cov khoom no tiv taus compression zoo dua tensile lub zog, uas yog vim li cas lub tensile lub zog rau qhov ntsuas no tau xaiv raws li lub ntsiab yam ntxwv.
Properties
pob zeb yog cov khoom siv uas lub zog yog cov yam ntxwv uas loj hlob los ntawm cov txheej txheem physico-chemical ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov cement thiab dej, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov av ntub thiab sov. Yog tias nws tshwm sim tias cov khoom khov lossis qhuav tawm, cov txheej txheem no yuav ua tiav. Kev ziab ntxov ntxov los yog khov rau qhov kawgkhoom yam ntxwv.
Uniformity
Ua ke nrog rau tag nrho lwm yam, kev sib txuam ntawm lub zog yog nyob ntawm qhov zoo thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias qee qhov khoom ntawm qhov kawg tsis tso cai kom tau txais cov pob zeb ntawm qhov xav tau lub zog. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev ntsuas no yog txuam nrog yav dhau los, txawm hais tias kev sim cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias kev sib raug zoo tsis yog ib txwm muaj. Raws li cov pob zeb ua ntau homogeneous, muaj cib fim rau kev siv ntau dua.
Qhov ntsuas homogeneity yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sim ntawm cov qauv tswj tau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm pob zeb nrog qee yam khoom tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev xam qhov ntsuas no, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim zoo tib yam hauv qhov loj thiab qhov chaw cia khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hnub nyoog sib npaug raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Uniformity hauv dej tsis kam yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sim cov qauv ntawm tib lub thickness siv tib txoj kev.
Density
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm pob zeb no yog qhov nyuaj heev, vim nws hloov pauv nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv twg ntxiv rau qhov sib tov. Txhawm rau ua kom qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov pob zeb, koj tuaj yeem siv pozzolanic Portland cement, uas nthuav, lossis alumina cement, uas tsis tsim voids thaum solidified. Qhov kev ntsuas no tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm plasticizer additives, uas feem ntau txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib xyaw ua tiav lawm. Yog tias muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov cement sib haum rau GOST, ces nws qhov ceev yuav yog tus nqi paub.
Chav Kawm
Tam sim no muaj ntau hom. Lub teeb yuag yog cov khoom siv uas nws qhov ceev yog 500-1800 kg / m 3. Cov chav kawm no suav nrog: ua npuas ncauj, nthuav av nplaum, pob zeb aerated, cellular, ntoo pob zeb, perlite thiab vermiculite pob zeb. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug sib tov, lub peev xwm bearing tom qab solidification yog me me. Ordinary, lossis hnyav pob zeb, yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm qhov ntom ntawm 1800-2500 kg / m 3. Raws li ib tug muab tub lim, crushed pob zeb, gravel yog siv no. Hom no yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, uas yog guaranteed los ntawm nws muaj zog tiv thaiv hnav. Cov chav kawm tshwj xeeb hnyav ntawm pob zeb yog cov khoom siv uas muaj qhov ntom ntom ntawm ntau dua 2500 kg / m 3. Xws li cov khoom sib tov yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag, raws li lawv muaj cov khoom ntawm kev tiv thaiv ionizing hluav taws xob.
qib pob zeb
Qhov no yog lwm yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom no. Lub zog compressive Performance index qhia tau hais tias tsis kam mus rau axial compression. Qib ntawm cov pob zeb sib txuas rau qhov nro qhia qhov tsis kam rau axial nro ntawm cov qauv tswj. Frost resistance Performance index qhia tau hais tias muaj pes tsawg lub voj voog ntawm alternate thawing thiab khov. Cov pob zeb dej tsis sib haum qhia tau hais tias nyob rau ntawm ib sab hydraulic siab lub pob zeb yuav tsis tso dej los ntawm kev ntsuas tus qauv.
Cov Lus Qhia
Thaum tsim ib qho khoom rau txhua lub hom phiaj, qhov kev txiav txim siab yog los yuav cov pob zeb ua tiav, ua tiav raws li GOSTs, vim nws nyuaj rau kev ua tiavqhov xav tau thaum ua rau koj tus kheej thiab tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
