Tall blueberry belongs rau genus Vaccinium thiab muaj ob peb lub npe sib txawv: cocklebur, neeg qaug cawv thiab ntau lwm tus. Nws tuaj yeem pom nyob rau sab qaum teb Hemisphere, Eurasia, North America, California thiab txawm Alaska. Blueberry yog tsob ntoo deciduous. Tam sim no siab blueberries yog nce los ua ib yam khoom rau cog los ntawm gardeners. Nws muaj ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab muaj txiaj ntsig hauv tshuaj. Yog tias ua ntej blueberries tau loj hlob hauv Asmeskas, tam sim no nws tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv cov tebchaws xws li Ukraine thiab Russia.
Thaum cog
siab blueberries tuaj yeem cog rau sab nraum zoov thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab caij nplooj zeeg. Tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab kev nyiam rau tsaws hauv lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Txij li thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov, cov yub tuaj yeem cog hauv paus thiab cog hauv paus, tab sis cog blueberries nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg tuaj yeem dhau los ua neeg raug tsim txom ntawm thaum ntxov frosts. Tom ntej no, cia peb sim seb yuav cog li cas thiab tu cov blueberries siab, thiab tseem kawm tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam no.
Ua ntej tau txais cov noob, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov chaw tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau cog blueberries. Nws yuav nyiam qhov chaw tshav ntuj uas yuav tsis muaj cua. Yuav muaj tsawg heev berries nyob rau hauv ntxoov ntxoo, thiab lawv saj yuav nyob rau hauv qis tshaj theem. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau kev xaiv ntawm av, txij li tsis yog tsuas yog tawm los, tab sis kuj yog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob ntawm nws.
Blueberries tuaj yeem loj hlob ib txwm nyob hauv cov av acidic. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog tias ob peb xyoos ua ntej cog cov nroj tsuag no, av yuav poob. Vim cov neeg ua ntej yog "kev ntxhov siab" blueberries heev.
caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog
cog blueberries ua ntej lawv pib buds. Them mloog mus rau kev xaiv ntawm blueberry ntau yam. Txij li cov nroj tsuag uas tsis tshua muaj kev loj hlob yuav loj hlob zoo dua nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam txias, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas lub caij ntuj sov yuav siv sij hawm ntev thiab yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug muaj zog nce nyob rau hauv huab cua kub, siab ntau yam yuav zoo dua.
Thaum yuav cov noob, sim yuav cov ntoo hauv ntim. Tab sis thaum cog, koj tsis tas yuav rub lawv tawm ntawm lub lauj kaub thiab rov kho lawv rau hauv lub qhov. Blueberries muaj cov hauv paus hniav tsis yooj yim thiab kev sib tw, thiab lawv yuav tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog hauv av ntawm lawv tus kheej. Lub thawv nrog cov yub yuav tsum tau qis dua ua ntej rau hauv lub thawv nrog dej sov thiab sab laug rau ob peb teev. Tom qab ntawd, tshem tawm lub ntiaj teb pob thiab sim maj mam ncaj lub hauv paus system.
cog qhov yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej. Lawv qhov loj me yog 60 x 60 centimeters, thiab qhov tob tuaj yeem ua tauncav cuag ib nrab ib 'meter', thiab thaum cog siab ntau yam ntawm blueberries, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ib Bush mus rau lwm qhov yog tsawg kawg yog 120 centimeters. Saib qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kab - los ntawm peb mus rau peb thiab ib nrab meters, nyob ntawm ntau yam.
Nyob hauv qab ntawm lub qhov, koj yuav tsum tau nteg ib tug tshwj xeeb npaj substrate, uas muaj cov nram qab no Cheebtsam:
- moor peat;
- sawdust, xuab zeb, koob;
- 50 grams sulfur, uas xav tau rau oxidation.
Qhov sib xyaw ua ke yuav tsum sib xyaw kom zoo thiab me ntsis compacted hauv qab. Tsis muaj chiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov organics, yuav tsum tau ntxiv. Lub sijhawm zoo yuav los rau qhov no. Thaum lub qhov yog npaj txhij, koj muaj peev xwm xyuam xim txo cov yub nyob rau ntawd, straighten lub keeb kwm thiab sprinkle nrog lub ntiaj teb. Lub hauv paus caj dab yuav tsum tau tob txog peb centimeters. Tom qab ntawd, lub hav txwv yeem yuav tsum tau watered zoo thiab nteg tawm ib ncig ntawm kaum ob-centimeter txheej ntawm mulch. Nws tuaj yeem yog peat, koob, sawdust lossis straw.
Kev loj hlob
Kev tshuaj xyuas blueberry siab txog kev saib xyuas yooj yim yog qhov zoo. Zoo li ntau lwm cov nroj tsuag vaj, nws xav tau lub sijhawm xoob ntawm cov av hauv thaj tsam hauv paus. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ob peb zaug hauv ib lub caij, tsis muaj kev sib sib zog nqus ntau dhau thiaj li tsis ua rau cov hauv paus hniav puas. Li no ib qho kev xav tau tshiab tshwm sim - mulching. Txij li thaum cov hauv paus hniav ntawm blueberries yog kaum tsib centimeters los ntawm qhov chaw. Mulch yuav tsum tau rov ua dua txhua ob lossis peb xyoos. Tsis txhob quav ntsej cov nroj tsuag uas tshwm sim, uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tam sim.
Irrigation
Kev tso dej yog kev sib tham tshwj xeeb. Txij li thaum koj yuav tsum tau dej zoo, tab sis tib lub sij hawm kom cov dej tsis stagnate rau ntau tshaj ob hnub. Watering yog nqa tawm ob zaug ib lub lim tiam. Txhua tus neeg laus tsob ntoo xav tau ib lub thoob dej. Dej thaum sawv ntxov thiab yav tsaus ntuj.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli-Lub Yim Hli, fruiting pib, thiab lub caij ntuj no bushes tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tau noo noo. Yog hais tias cov nroj tsuag xav tias tsis muaj noo noo, ces lub sau ntawm no thiab xyoo tom ntej yuav meager thiab devoid ntawm saj. Nyob rau hnub kub tshwj xeeb, blueberries yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog watered, tab sis kuj sprayed kom lawv tsis qhuav tawm.
Nyob
Cov nroj tsuag no tsis xav tau cov av tshwj xeeb, tab sis nws yuav hais tias "ua tsaug" rau kev hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus. Fertilizers rau siab blueberries yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum sapflow tshwm sim, buds yog nquag tsim. Tam sim ntawd tsis nco qab txog cov organic chiv - qhov no yog contraindicated. Kev siv zoo dua:
- ammonium sulfate;
- Ymagnesium sulfate;
- poov tshuaj sulfate;
- zinc sulfate;
- superphosphate.
Fertilization tshwm sim hauv peb theem. 40% ntawm cov chiv nitrogen yuav tsum tau siv rau lub sijhawm thaum cov kua dej ntws tawm. Tom qab ntawd lwm 35% - nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis, thiab qhov seem 25% - nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub rau hli ntuj. Ntau precisely, nws yog los ntawm 70 mus rau 90 grams ntawm chiv rau ib Bush. Qhov no siv rau cov chiv nitrogen. Phosphoric muaj nws tus kheej system. Lawv raug coj los rau lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab lub caij ntuj sov, 100 grams rau ib Bush.
Kev nthuav dav ntawm blueberries siab
Kev tsim tawm tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov noob thiab los ntawm lwm txoj kev cog qoob loo. Noob yog sau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm blueberries, uas yuav tsum tau qhuav zoo thiab cog nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb npaj txaj txaj nrog acidic av. Yog hais tias koj npaj yuav cog noob nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ces lawv yuav tsum undergo ua ntej stratification. Ua li no, lawv raug xa mus rau lub tub yees rau peb lub hlis. Tom qab stratification, cov noob tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev npaj yav dhau los thiab sprinkled nrog lub ntiaj teb me ntsis.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws huab cua kub rau lawv germination yog 23-25 ° C. Tsis txhob hnov qab dej tsis tu ncua, tsis muaj cov nroj tsuag thiab loosen hauv av. Tsuas yog tom qab ob xyoos cov yub tuaj yeem pub nrog nitrogen chiv thiab hloov mus rau qhov chaw ruaj khov.
Txoj kev txhim khu kev qha thiab nrawm tshaj plaws ntawm kev nthuav tawm yog txiav. Cuttings rau qhov no yog txiav nyob rau hauv lig Autumn, thaum tag nrho cov nplooj tau poob lawm, los yog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum lub kua dej ntws tseem tsis tau pib. Kev txiav zoo yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua yim centimeters nyob rau hauv ntev. Thiab qhov thicker tua, qhov ceev cov hauv paus hniav yuav pib sprout. Nyob rau hauv ib lub hlis, tua yog khaws cia ntawm qhov kub ntawm ib mus rau tsib degrees. Qhov no yog hom stratification. Thiab ces nws yog cog nyob rau hauv ib tug pre-npaj sib tov ntawm xuab zeb thiab peat (3: 1). Ib tsob ntoo blueberry siab yuav tsum sawv me ntsis ntawm lub kaum sab xis. Nrog kev saib xyuas zoo, nyob rau hauv ob xyoos cov yub yuav loj hlob tuaj thiab npaj rau cog hauv av qhib.
Koj tuaj yeem sim faib cov hav txwv yeem. Thaum transplanting, Bush tau muab faib ua ob peb ntu, kom txhua qhov yub muaj cov hauv paus hniav zoo thiab ntau yamcov tub ntxhais hluas tua nrog buds. Delenki yuav tsum tau tsaws tam sim ntawd rau hauv qhov chaw ruaj khov.
Blueberries, zoo li txhua tsob ntoo, xav tau pruning txhua xyoo. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los nqa tawm hauv lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, thaum lub buds tseem tsis tau pib o. Tom qab lub caij ntuj no, muaj ntau cov ceg khov khov, tawg lossis qhuav tag. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau txiav thiab hlawv tam sim ntawd. Nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag, tag nrho cov paj yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo, uas yuav tsuas zoo cuam tshuam rau yav tom ntej fruiting.
Thiab los ntawm kev txiav cov nroj tsuag hluas, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov pob txha zoo thiab cov duab zoo ntawm cov yas. Yog tias koj lub vaj muaj cov ntoo uas muaj hnub nyoog tshaj li plaub xyoos, tom qab ntawd, ntxiv rau cov ceg ntoo saum toj no, koj yuav tsum tshem tawm cov uas twb muaj hnub nyoog tshaj tsib xyoos. Lawv tsis dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tua. Thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov ceg ntawm bushes loj hlob nyob ze tsis txhob kov. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qoob loo thiab txo qhov saj ntawm blueberries.
Pests
Cov yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb ntawm blueberries yog cov noog uas maj nrawm rau peck ripe berries. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov kab tsuag feathered, koj tuaj yeem rub lub mesh nrog qhov nruab nrab qhov loj ntawm cov hav txwv yeem. Raws li rau kab, lawv xyaum tsis thab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no, tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem ua 100% tseeb ntawm txhua yam. Bushes tuaj yeem raug tua los ntawm kab caij nplooj ntoos hlav xws li cockchafers thiab cockchafers. Lawv gnaw tsis tsuas yog nplooj, tab sis kuj noj tam sim ntawd paj, uas muaj peev xwm kiag li deprive lub gardener ntawm nws sau. Ntau hom kab ntsig tuaj yeem pib,uas kuj yos hav zoov nplooj. Qee zaum cov larvae tua cov hauv paus system. Yog tias cov kab tuaj yeem khaws tau ntawm tes, ces tag nrho lwm cov kab tsuag tuaj yeem tua tau los ntawm kev txau nrog actellik lossis karbofos. Cov nyiaj no kuj tseem siv tau los ua kev tiv thaiv.
Kab mob
Muaj ntau yam kab mob uas txaus ntshai rau blueberries. Qhov no suav nrog:
- kab mob fungal;
- stalk cancer;
- Phomopsis;
- grey rot;
- physalsporosis;
- fruit monoliosis;
- dawb pob.
Yuav luag tag nrho cov kab mob fungal yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov dej nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus system. Qhov teeb meem no tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim qhov tseeb tias tus neeg ua teb tsis tuaj yeem npaj cov dej kom zoo, lossis cov av tsis tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm noo noo. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kab mob, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv, koj tuaj yeem kho cov nroj tsuag nrog Bordeaux kua, thiab koj tuaj yeem siv tshuaj xws li topaz lossis foundationazole.
Qee zaum blueberry nplooj tig daj - qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev saib xyuas tsis raug. Tej zaum cov av tsis yog acidic txaus. Txhawm rau kho qhov no, koj yuav tsum ntxiv qee qhov peat rau nws. Yellowness kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim qhov tseeb tias cov nroj tsuag tsis muaj nitrogen. Rau tib lub laj thawj, lub berries ua me me, kev loj hlob ntawm tua slows down. Peb tham txog cov cai rau kev siv cov chiv nitrogen hauv kab lus no. Thiab cov nplooj liab yog cov cim qhia tseeb ntawm qia qog nqaij hlav lossis ua kom cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ceg qhuav.
