Tsim lub hauv paus rau lub tsev ua npuas ncauj

2024 Tus sau: Aaron Duncan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 03:45

A npuas npuas yog cov khoom siv uas tau txais kev ntseeg siab ntawm ntau tus neeg tsim khoom. Nws muaj cov duab ntawm ib qho parallelepiped nrog sab ntawm 30 thiab 40 cm. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg kuj muaj xws li cement, xuab zeb thiab dej. Qhov loj ntawm cov khoom vim yog cov qauv ntxeem tau me me, yog li lub hauv paus rau cov tsev ua los ntawm cov npuas npuas yuav tsis loj heev. Cov khoom yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov xim grey, tsis tog thaum raus hauv dej (vim nws cov qauv ntxeem tau). Cov yam ntxwv yuav luag zoo ib yam li cov pob zeb aerated, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tus nqi. Hauv kev tshuaj xyuas luv luv no, peb yuav saib yuav ua li cas los tsim lub hauv paus rau lub tsev ua npuas ncauj.

Cov khoom zoo ntawm cov npuas npuas

Ua npuas ncauj blocks muaj tus nqi qis thaum piv nrog cov khoom siv hauv tsev zoo sib xws. Tab sis cov tsev los ntawm lawv muaj kev ua tau zoo, ntau txoj hauv kev lawv tseem tshaj cov tsev ua los ntawm ntoo lossis cib.

Tsis tas li, tsis txhob hnov qab txog qhov zoo hauv qab no ntawm cov npuas npuas:

1. Tsis muaj teeb meem impurities yog siv los tsim cov khoom, yog li cov blocks yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua rau koj noj qab haus huv. Yog tias koj tsom mus rau cov qauv kev huv huv, koj tuaj yeem pom tias nws raug tso cai los tsim cov menyuam yaus lub tsev los ntawm cov npuas npuas - tsis muaj kev thaiv.
2. Ib qho ntawm pluses yog qib zoo ntawm lub suab rwb thaiv tsev. Cov phab ntsa ua npuas ncauj tsis txhob tso suab. Yog li ntawd, tsis tas yuav ua kom muaj suab nrov ntxiv.
3. Cov npuas npuas tuaj yeem txiav rau hauv ib qho duab - lawv yooj yim heev rau txheej txheem.
4. Vim yog cov qauv ntxeem tau, kev sib pauv huab cua zoo ntawm txoj kev thiab lub tsev tau lees paub. Thiab soundproofing yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov phab ntsa tsis txhob tso cua sov.

Ntau me ntsis txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom

Thaum ua lub hauv paus rau lub tsev los ntawm cov npuas npuas, dampness yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau cov khoom. Qhov no yog lwm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv, vim tias koj tsis tas yuav teeb tsa cov qauv ntxiv kom tshem tawm cov dej noo. Kuj tseem muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv:

1. Txiav ua npuas ncauj yog nrawm dua thiab yooj yim dua li cib.
2. Qhov siab tshaj plaws sib koom ua ke yog 3 hli, yog li thaum tso nws tso cai siv ob qho tib si cement mortar thiab cov nplaum tshwj xeeb.
3. Thaum ua tiav, koj tsis tas yuav nteg ntau cov plaster, vim tias cov phab ntsa yog ua los ntawm cov npuas npuas.yuav luag zoo tag nrho.
4. Thaum cov khoom cua sov, tsis muaj qhov nthuav tawm lossis deformation tshwm sim.

Tab sis koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau qhov tsis zoo, thiab qhov tseem ceeb - tsis muaj zog heev. Yog li ntawd, thaum tsim lub hauv paus los ntawm ua npuas ncauj blocks rau ib lub tsev, lub sijhawm no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account.

Ntau yam ntawm lub hauv paus rau cov tsev los ntawm cov blocks

Tam sim no wb tham txog yuav ua li cas xaiv lub hauv paus kom raug. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj plaub hom ntawm lub hauv paus uas siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim ua npuas ncauj thaiv tsev:

1. Kom - muaj cov pob zeb ntxiv rau hauv cov qauv. Pillars yog ua los ntawm square lossis round seem. Nws raug tso cai siv lub beam lossis grillage. Kuj tseem muaj txoj siv sia ua los ntawm cov pas nrig.
2. Belt hom foundation - feem ntau yog ib qho ntiav lossis recessed qauv.
3. Pile foundations - feem ntau nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, dai lossis ntsia hlau pawg, siv cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog, pawg-racks yog siv. Qhov sib txawv ntawm hom ntawm lub hauv paus no yog tias muaj cov khoom txhawb nqa pawg hauv cov qauv. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, tus tsim yog heev zoo li ib tug columnar los yog daim kab xev. Cov pawg yog cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws rau cov hauv paus tsis ruaj khov uas xav tau kev txhawb nqa ntxiv.
4. Monolithic tsim - tsis txawv ntau ntawm cov qauv zoo sib xws. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov loj ntawm cov npuas npuas yog me me, yog li tsis tas yuav ua kom lub hauv paus ntawm cov tuab tuab.

Raws li qhov kev txwv twg los xaiv lub hauv paus

Txhawm rau xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub hauv paus tsim, koj yuav tsum xav txog txhua yamnta ntawm qhov chaw uas qhov kev tsim kho yog nqa tawm. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub hauv paus yog tias nws yuav tsum muaj zog thiab txhim khu kev qha, txwv tsis pub nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus lub nra ntawm cov qauv.

Tab sis thaum xam lub hauv paus, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsom mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws, tab sis kuj txo cov nqi tsim kho.

Av nta

Nco ntsoov coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av ntawm qhov chaw uas tsim kho. Nws raug nquahu kom ua cov kev tshawb fawb geological ua ntej, uas yuav pab txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm cov av. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tuaj yeem tiv tauj cov kws tshaj lij. Tab sis yog tias qhov no ua tsis tau, koj tuaj yeem ua txhua yam ntawm koj tus kheej. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nrog kev pab los ntawm kev xyaum, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua kom tsawg kawg ob lub qhov dej nrog qhov tob ntawm 2-2.5 m. Los ntawm cov qhov dej no, nws yuav tsum tau nqa lub ntiaj teb rau cov qauv txhawm rau txiav txim siab lub ntsiab. cov khoom. Peb pawg av tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:

1. Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
2. Siab me ntsis - tej zaum yuav muaj cov hmoov nplej zoo ntawm cov xuab zeb lossis hmoov av.
3. Non-pob zeb - cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm gravel xuab zeb nrog cov xuab zeb loj lossis nruab nrab.

Kev xaiv av

Tom qab txheeb xyuas cov av, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hom tsim nyog tshaj plaws. Piv txwv li, rau heaving av, daim kab xev yog hom tsis tsim nyog tshaj plaws. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv lub hauv paus. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas tsis yog pob zeb av ntawm qhov tob ntawm ntau tshaj 2 meters, thiab khov yog ze ze rau ntawm lub ntiaj teb, nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab siv columnar lossis pawg qauv.

Nco ntsoov xam raws li qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ncej uas nyob ib sab yog txaus los tiv thaiv tag nrho cov loj ntawm lub tsev. Nws raug pom zoo tias qhov dej khov qhov tob yuav raug txiav txim siab raws li kev soj ntsuam ntau xyoo. Yog tias peb coj qhov nruab nrab, ces daim duab no yog 0.5-2 m.

av av thiab sijhawm kawg

Qib ntawm cov dej hauv av yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum tsim lub hauv paus. Yog tias lawv siab dhau lawm, ces qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev siv lub hauv paus sawb yuav raug cais tawm. Yog tias koj xav tsim ib daim kab xev, ces koj yuav tsum tau ua kom cov dej ntws tawm - qhov no yuav tiv thaiv dej los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv lub hauv paus. Muaj tseeb, tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho yuav nce ntau zaus. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog lub pob zeb monolithic. pheej yig thiab yooj yim - cov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Tab sis yog tias koj xav ua hauv qab daus hauv qab lub tsev, koj yuav tsum tsim cov dej ntws thiab ib daim kab xev.

nrawm thiab nqe

Thiab qhov kawg uas yuav tsum xav txog yog tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab lub sijhawm ntawm lawv qhov kev siv. Yuav kom tsim tau ib lub tsev sai li sai tau, koj yuav tsum tau tso tseg tag nrho cov txheej txheem complex. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ceev, pawg thiab columnar yog deb ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yuav xav tau me me (kuj) peev ntawm cov nyiaj thiab kev siv zog.

Tab sis qhov kim tshaj plaws thiab siv zog ua haujlwm yog cov kab xev thiab monolithic saib. Thiab dab tsi yog lub hauv paus zoo tshaj plaws rau lub tsev ua npuas ncauj - tam sim no peb yuav sim kom paub. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tag nrho nyob ntawmhom av twg nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw, nrog rau ntawm koj lub peev xwm nyiaj txiag.

Kev tsim cov sawb foundation

Lub hauv paus sawb yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau cov av uas muaj av nplaum. Qhov tob ntawm kev tso yog xam raws li cov ntaub ntawv khov. Qhov dav ntawm lub qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom nws loj dua li ntawm qhov thaiv los ntawm 10 cm. Ntau dua yog qhov zoo dua, tab sis tsis tsawg. Lub hauv paus yuav tsum muaj qhov siab txog li 40 cm, lub sab sauv yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau cov tuav. Ib tug pas nrig nrog lub thickness ntawm 10-16 hli yog siv.

txheej txheem kev tsim kho:

1. Thawj lub hauv ncoo tau pw. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov xuab zeb los yog sib tov ntawm nws nrog gravel. Tab sis ua ntej, ntawm chav kawm, ib tug trench yog khawb. Tom qab ntawd ib txheej ntawm xuab zeb 15 cm yog nchuav, gravel - 15-20 cm.
2. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem nchuav cov cement mortar - lub thickness tsis tshaj 10 cm. Qhov no yog hu ua footing. Tom qab ntawd, txheej yuav tsum harden nyob rau hauv ib lub lim tiam. Tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem cia cov pob zeb qhuav tag.
3. Tom qab ib nrab ziab ntawm txheej, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom muaj zog ntxiv. Reinforcement bars yuav tsum tau txuas nrog hlau. Nws tsis tuaj yeem kho los ntawm vuam, vim tias cov hlau yuav raug cuam tshuam rau corrosion. Nws raug nquahu kom siv fittings nrog cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv corrosion.
4. Nruab lub formwork. Nws tuaj yeem ua los ntawm slate, ntoo, plywood, hlau. Qhob tau nchuav rau hauv.
5. Cov mortar yog tsim los ntawm peb feem ntawm xuab zeb, tsib gravel thiab ib qho cement. Ntxiv dej maj mam kom cov tshuaj tsis yog kua heev, tab sis tsis tuab heev. Yog kev tsim kho tau tshwm simThaum lub caij txias, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov additives.
6. Muab pob zeb rau hauv daim ntawv thiab tamp nws kom zoo. Nws raug nquahu kom siv lub phaj vibrating rau lub hom phiaj no.
7. Cov formwork tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm tom qab cov mortar tau ua tiav - 3-4 hnub txaus rau qhov no.

Tom qab ua lub hauv paus, koj tuaj yeem tso cov blocks. Qhov no yog li cas lub hauv paus sawb yog tsim rau lub tsev ua npuas ncauj. Tsis muaj dab tsi nyuab, tab sis nws tsis yog ib txwm ua tau qhov no.

Pillar Foundation

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias hom kev tsim kho no yog qhov zoo rau peb rooj plaub. Thiab yog tias koj xav paub ntau npaum li cas lub hauv paus xav tau rau lub tsev ua npuas ncauj, tsis txhob strain koj tus kheej thiab xaiv ib qho columnar. Cov kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum tau muab tso rau kom lawv nyob ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm lub tsev, nrog rau ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm cov phab ntsa. Nws tseem pom zoo kom ntxiv dag zog nrog cov ncej thiab cov ntsiab lus nrog lub siab load. Thov nco ntsoov tias yuav tsum muaj kev ncua deb tsis tshaj 2-2.5 meters ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib sab.

txheej txheem ua haujlwm:

1. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum kos cov chaw rau tus ncej.
2. khawb qhov thiab tso lub hauv ncoo rau hauv qab - xuab zeb, gravel, gravel.
3. cov khoom siv dej tsis zoo yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv ncoo.
4. Muab cov ntaub thaiv npog rau hauv lub qhov, thiab tom qab ntawd tawg lawv. Qhov no yog tsim nyog kom lub ntiaj teb tsis crumble rau hauv lub qhov. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov boards no yog siv los ua formwork.
5. Ua kom muaj zog - siv cov pas nrig tsawg kawg 12 hli. Cov fittings yog nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm 5-10 cm ntawm ib leeg. Fastening yog nqa tawm siv hlau.
6. Ua ntej koj pib nchuav, khi lub formwork. Mortar: peb seem xuab zeb rau ib feem cement.
7. Pillars yuav tsum tau ntim rau ob lub lis piam. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov formwork thiab ua lub qab nthab.
8. pob zeb pem teb yog ua ntau yam tib yam li cov ncej lawv tus kheej.

Tom qab lub hauv paus tsim, kev tsim kho tuaj yeem pib.

Monolithic Foundation

Tab sis kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev ua npuas ncauj tuaj yeem ua tiav siv tshuab monolithic. Qhov no yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau heaving av. Muaj ib qho teeb meem - koj tsis tuaj yeem ua rau hauv qab daus. Kev tsim kho txheej txheem:

1. Ib qhov ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua, qhov tob tsis tshaj 0.6 m.
2. Nyob hauv qab ntawm lub qhov, koj yuav tsum tau pw hauv ncoo. Nws yuav tsum muaj ib tug tuab ntawm 0.4 m. ntawm no, xuab zeb - 0.25 m thiab gravel - 0.15 m. Ib txheej ntawm waterproofing yog nteg on top ntawm tag nrho cov txheej.
3. Muab cov formwork thiab ncuav cov pob zeb ua kua.
4. Thaum cov tshuaj qhuav tag, cov formwork tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm thiab cov dej tsis huv.

Nov yog tag nrho, tam sim no koj paub tias lub hauv paus twg rau lub tsev ua npuas ncauj yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau txhua hom av. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho yog ua raws li cov cai thiab kev sib xws.