Rubble masonry yog ib qho kev tsim kho tshwj xeeb uas suav nrog kev siv cov khib nyiab thiab cov pob zeb ntawm cov pob zeb uas muaj ntau qhov sib txawv. Hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem siv ntau yam txuj ci, tab sis txhua tus ntawm lawv xav tau tus tswv kom muaj kev paub txog kev paub thiab kev txawj tshwj xeeb. Rubble pob zeb yog cov khoom siv ntuj tsim uas tau siv dav rau kev tsim cov hauv paus thiab lwm yam qauv. Nws tau paub txij thaum ancient sij hawm thiab tsis tau poob nws lub koob meej rau niaj hnub no. Qhov no yog vim nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb: muaj, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab kav ntev.
Hnub no nws yog siv los ua cov phab ntsa sab nrauv, thaum ua haujlwm toj roob hauv pes, nrog rau thaum tso lub hauv paus. Lub rooj muag zaub yog lub pob zeb uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li GOST 2173-87. Qhov hnyav yuav nyob ntawm qhov yug, uas tseem cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm kev tsim khoom. Qhov nruab nrab, ib lub cubic meter ntawm pob zeb muaj qhov hnyav li ntawm 2 tons. Thaum siv nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj neeg nyob, xws li ib tug yam ntxwv li radioactivity teeb meem. Thawj chav kawm yog npaj rau thaj chaw nyob, thaum lub thib ob - rau kev npaj cov choj, embankments thiab txoj kev. Qhov ceev ntawm pob zeb tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 1.4 txog 1.8 t / m3. Frost kuj yuavnyob ntawm tus yug thiab yog teem los ntawm suav cov freeze thiab thaw cycles. Cov hom Frost-resistant tshaj plaws yog F300-F400, lawv tau npaj rau kev ua haujlwm hauv huab cua huab cua.
Npaj cov cuab yeej ua ntej nteg pob zeb
Lub rooj muag zaub yog lub pob zeb uas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau raws li ib qho kev siv tshuab. Nws muab rau qhov yuav tsum tau npaj qee yam cuab yeej. Ntawm lawv:
- muaj peev xwm sib tov;
- shovel;
- thawv ntoo;
- qaum rau lighthouses;
- formwork;
- rammer or rauj;
- dej;
- cement;
- pob zeb;
- vibrator;
- cuab yeej rau kev sib tsoo ntawm lub pob zeb.
Tom qab npaj tag nrho cov cuab yeej, koj tuaj yeem mus ua haujlwm ntxiv.
Txoj kev teeb tsa pob zeb
Tso pob zeb ntuj tuaj yeem ua raws li ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis uas twb muaj lawm, uas yog:
nrog kev vibration seal.
Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum xav txog qee cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, uas yuav tau piav qhia hauv qab no.
lus qhia txhim kho
Tso pob zeb ntuj yog ua raws li qee txoj cai. Piv txwv li, cov hauj lwm tej zaum yuav xav tau ntxiv crushing ntawm cov khoom. Yog tias koj siv lub cobblestone, ces ib qho khoom yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov khoom.ib nrab ntawm cov khoom uas tsis tau chipped. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov pob zeb txheej, ces lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tso rau ntawm ntug, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau horizontally nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm txhua lwm yam. Lub tshuab txhais tau hais tias yuav tsum tau sorting thiab xaiv cov khoom. Ua ntej, cov haujlwm no yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qhib ze ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov chaw thiab hnav khaub ncaws ntawm seams, uas yog siv thaum tso cib. Yog tias koj xav yuav lub pob zeb rubble, ces koj yuav tsum muab qhov kev nyiam rau cov blocks tiaj tus, uas thaum lub sij hawm txheej txheem installation yuav nyob rau hauv ib tug natural ua ke.
Kev txhim kho cov khoom hauv qab cov hniav thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho lub hauv paus
Lub hauv paus pob zeb tau muab tso rau hauv kab kab rov tav, qhov tuab ntawm txhua qhov yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 20 cm. Ib txoj hlua yuav tsum tau sab laug ntawm cov pob zeb, qhov tuab ntawm yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 15 hli. Lub hauv paus rubble yuav muaj cov kab sib cais ntawm nws cov tuab, txawm li cas los xij, txhua kab yuav tsum yog nyob rau tag nrho ntev. Yog tias koj xav nteg pob zeb rubble siv cov cuab yeej no, koj yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov lus qhia hauv qab no. Ntawm lub hauv paus yuav tsum muaj cov pob zeb tseem ceeb, thiab thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm nws yuav tsim nyog rau nruab beacons. Ua ntej pib tsim cov phab ntsa sab hauv thiab sab nrauv, beacons yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov hlua txhua peb meters thiab ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm cov phab ntsa. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, nws yuav ua tau los tsim ib tug ca phab ntsa, tsom xam qhov ncaj ntawm sab nrauv ntawm lub hauv paus.
Nuance of work
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau sau rau hauv ib txheej ntawm kev daws, nqa lub pob zeb, qhov no yuav tsum tau ua raws li txoj hauv kev uas cov tshuaj nkag mus rau hauv txhua qhov kab noj hniav. Rubble masonry yuav tsum tau nqa tawm siv ib tug rammer los yog rauj, nrog lawv cov kev pab, cov khoom yog tso. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv paus yog sau nrog ib tug sib koom mortar, uas yog thov nrog ib tug shovel. Qhov sib tov ntau dhau yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv txhua qhov seams, thaum lub caij ntuj sov hnav khaub ncaws ntawm seams yuav tsum tau pom. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau hloov cov pas thiab diav. Yog hais tias cov khoom raug tso cai kov thaum lub sij hawm masonry, qhov no yuav ua rau txo qis ntawm lub zog ntawm cov qauv.
Txoj kev ua haujlwm
Thaum lub hauv paus tab tom tsim, cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog ua kom tiav qhov sib cais ntawm qhov tso. Lub pob zeb yuav tsum tau tapped nrog rauj, qhov no yuav tso cai rau kev daws teeb meem rau tag nrho cov voids ntawm lub ntsiab. Txhua kab stacked yuav tsum tau leveled. Kev ua haujlwm tom ntej yog ua raws li cov thev naus laus zis saum toj no.
Tsim lub hauv paus rau lub hauv paus
Lub pob zeb pob zeb tseem tab tom muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus, rau qhov no lawv tau npaj ua ntej:
- tov thawv;
- Chute rau qhovntsheej ntawm cug thiab pob zeb;
- xov;
- pob zeb.
Ua ntej, yuav tsum tau npaj ib lub trench, qhov tob ntawm 1.3 m. mortar thawv yog nruab rau hauv qab, thiab qhov deb ntawm lawv yuav tsum yog 6 m. pob zeb yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov khoob ntawm lub thawv, qhov no yuav tsum tau ua manually. Cov voids tau ntim nrog cov pob zeb, thiab cov thawv hauv qab no tau muab tso rau ntawm lub pob zeb. Lawv yuav tsum tau sau nrog ib tug sib tov los ntawm cov grooves, uas yog nyob rau ntawm ib tug kaum sab xis ntawm 45 degrees. Qhov no yuav ua kom du puv ntawm lub thawv, lav qhov kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov qauv. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub thawv, txheej tom ntej ntawm pob zeb yog ntsia, nws yuav tsum tau txo qis raws li ib tug chute nrog ib tug ntoo khaub lig seem ntawm 40 cm. Txawm yog masonry, ntoo templates yuav tsum tau mounted uas sib haum mus rau lub profile ntawm lub hauv paus. Lawv yuav tsum nyob deb ntawm 20 m ntawm ib leeg, cov cim yog tsau rau ntawm cov qauv, cov hlua yog rub. Yog li, cov pob zeb tau muab tso rau qhov siab xav tau.
Tawm laj kab
Lub laj kab pob zeb tawg yuav muaj lub hauv paus thiab ncej. Yuav pib nrog, kos npe yog nqa tawm ntawm thaj chaw, thaum noj mus rau hauv tus account qhov dav ntawm kab thiab qhov tob ntawm khov. Ib lub trench yuav tsum tau khawb, qhov dav uas tuaj yeem ncav cuag 500 hli, thaum qhov tob yog 800 hli. Rau lub nras, kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum tau muab tso, thiab nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas cov ncej yuav tsum tau ntsia, nws yuav tsum saib tawm. Concreting yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib tug nruam ntws. Qhov kev txhawb nqa rau cov ncej yog them nrog pob zeb los ntawm 20 mm. Qhov saum npoo ntawm lub hauv paus yog leveled horizontally siv ib theem lossis theem. Lub hauv paus yog npog nrog yas qhwv thiab sab laug kom qhuav rau peb lub lis piam.
Pillar laying
Rubble masonry yuav tsim lub hauv paus ntawm laj kab ncej. Cov ncej huab yog txuas nrog twine, lub kaum sab xis yog siv lub square. Ib txoj kab ncaj nraim yuav tsum tau kos rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ces kaum. Thawj lub kaum pob zeb tau teeb tsa raws li qib, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm tus so. Qhov siablub pob zeb rau tus ncej tuaj yeem sib txawv, thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov ces kaum koj yuav tsum tau tawm ntawm qhov chaw dawb thiab qhov chaw rau txhaws. Qhov siab kam rau ua yog 1 cm ib 200 cm.
Rubble masonry yuav tsim lub hauv paus ntawm spans, rau cov khoom no nrog du nto yog nteg rau ob sab ntawm lub laj kab yav tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj muaj peev xwm pre-install lub formwork, uas yuav tsim du phab ntsa. Kev daws yog nchuav rau hauv qhov chaw tshwm sim ntawm ob sab ntawm lub pob zeb, nws yuav tsum tau compacted siv lub vibrator lossis fittings. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab tso tseg kev siv formwork, koj yuav tsum siv txoj hlua uas ncab ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub laj kab yav tom ntej. Cov kab saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm lub laj kab yuav tsum yog, thiab cov pob zeb rau kab kawg yuav tsum tau xaiv kom lawv muaj qhov siab tib yam.
Phab ntsa
Rubble phab ntsa tuaj yeem ntsia tau siv tshuab vibrocompaction. Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau koj kom tau txais kev tsim qauv zoo tshaj plaws. Txhawm rau siv nws, koj yuav tsum khawb ib lub trench, tso ib kab ntawm pob zeb rau hauv qab. Txhawm rau sau cov voids, yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj. Tom qab ntawd siv lub vibrator, kev siv uas tso cai rau koj kom ua tau zoo ntawm cov masonry thiab ua kom nws muaj zog li sai tau. Tamping yuav tsum tau ua kom txog thaum tag nrho cov mortar absorbed rau hauv lub masonry. Cov kab tom ntej no yuav tsum tau muab tso nrog "hauv qab lub xub pwg hniav" txoj kev, txhim kho lub vibrator tom qab txhua txheej.
Tus nqi ua haujlwm
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej rubble masonry tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm ib tus kws tsim khoom hauv tsev, tab sis cov txheej txheem no tsis tuaj yeem hu uayooj yim heev. Yog li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem siv cov kev pabcuam ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum nug txog tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Yog vim li cas hais tias xws li manipulations siv sij hawm ntau heev, tus nqi ntawm rubble masonry pib ntawm 1000 rubles. rau 1m3. Yog hais tias peb tham txog internal partitions, ces lawv yog tsim los ntawm tus nqi ntawm 800 rubles. rau 1m2. Cov qauv zoo li no tuaj yeem ntxiv nrog fittings, nrog rau rwb thaiv tsev.
