Txoj kev npaj ntawm qhov chaw, qhov chaw nyob ntawm txhua yam khoom nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, kev npaj ntawm nqa thiab mounting mechanisms, nrog rau ntau lwm yam kev lag luam, yog ib txoj kev npaj tsim. Nws nthuav tawm warehouses ntawm lub tsev thiab cov ntaub ntawv, mortar thiab qhob chav tsev, ib ntus thaj chaw rau kab lis kev cai, huv si thiab kev tswj lub hom phiaj, kev sib txuas lus network, fais fab mov, dej mov, thiab lwm yam.
Type
cheeb tsam them thiab theem ntawm kev nthuav dav cuam tshuam rau hom uas lub tsev tsim tswv yim koom nrog. Nws tuaj yeem yog qhov khoom lossis qhov chaw dav dav. Rau cov kev tsim kho loj tshaj plaws, suav nrog kev tswj hwm dej, kev tsim kho vaj tse tsis txwv rau cov hom no, ib qho kev npaj tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kos, uas yog tus yam ntxwv.cov xwm txheej ntawm thaj chaw hais txog kev tsim kho kev lag luam.
Cov phiaj xwm xwm txheej qhia tsis yog qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov chaw tsim kho kev lag luam uas muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw:
- xuab zeb thiab pob zeb quarries;
- factories qhov twg cov pob zeb muaj zog, cib thiab cov qauv hlau los ntawm;
- txhua txoj kev sib txuas lus: dej, tsheb ciav hlau, txoj kev, kab hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam.
Kev tsim kho tus tswv txoj kev npaj rau kev tso dej thiab cov kav dej kuj tseem muaj kev xaiv ntawm cov ciam teb thiab thaj chaw ntawm cov dej ntws thiab cov dej ntws. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev npaj yuav tsum tau qhia txog qhov ua ntu zus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm txhua qhov ntawm qhov chaw thiab thaj tsam ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm thiab kev tsim kho, thaj tsam ntawm kev hloov dej thiab dej nyab ntawm thaj chaw, txhua tus choj thiab hla txoj kab.
Planning
Txoj kev tsim kho tus tswv txoj kev npaj pib nrog cov npe ntawm kev lag luam uas yuav siv ntau li ntau tau hauv kev tsim kho. Cov no yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev tsim kho kev lag luam, ntau lub tsev rau kev tsim kho, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias tsis muaj cov chaw zoo li no lossis lawv lub peev xwm tsis txaus, ces cov txheej txheem ib ntus ntawm lub hom phiaj zoo sib xws yog tsim. Txoj kev tsim kho tus tswv txoj kev npaj ntawm hom chaw dav dav npog tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho thiab suav nrog tag nrho nws cov chaw.
Cov phiaj xwm muaj cov duab kos thiab cov lus piav qhia nrog cov laj thawj rau txhua qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm daim duab, uas suav nrogib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw ruaj khov thiab ib ntus, cov cim, nrog rau cov seem ntawm cov phiaj xwm nrog cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub nraaj ib feem, tus tsim ntawm kev tsim kho tus tswv txoj kev npaj assumes lub xub ntiag ntawm technical thiab economic ntsuas thiab sau ntawv. Qhov ntsuas ntawm cov phiaj xwm kev tsim vaj tsev dav dav tuaj yeem yog 1: 5000, 1: 2000 lossis 1: 1000.
Sequence
Tus tswv txoj kev npaj rau qhov chaw tsim kho feem ntau pib nrog kev tso txoj hauv kev rau kev tsim tsheb sab hauv, tib lub sij hawm qhov chaw ntawm kev tsim kho tshuab thiab cov chaw muag khoom dav dav tau npaj. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd nws tuaj yeem tso tag nrho cov khoom siv tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom siv nyiaj txiag. Tom qab ua tiav txoj haujlwm no, cov phiaj xwm kev sib txuas ib ntus ntawm hluav taws xob, dej, thiab cov khoom siv cua sov tau suav nrog hauv cov phiaj xwm kev tsim kho.
Thaum ua tag nrho cov qauv tsim no, koj yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev suav cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom no, nrog rau cov cai tshwj xeeb rau kev tso lawv. Piv txwv li, kev suav cov tswv yim kev tsim kho yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov zaub mov mus rau hauv tsev yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj li rau puas meters (ntawm no koj yuav tsum tsom mus rau cov cai), mus rau tsev neeg thiab cov chaw huv huv yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj. ob puas meters, thiab rau ntau lawm ua hauj lwm tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li tsib caug meters. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li cov cai uas twb muaj lawm, kev tua hluav taws tau npaj rau ntawm thaj chaw thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov tsev khaws khoom.
theemdesign
Cov phiaj xwm kev tsim kho yuav tsum suav nrog kev suav cov kev xav tau rau qee yam kev pabcuam, nrog rau kev tsim kho thiab chaw siv hluav taws xob. Tag nrho cov no yog muab rau hauv daim ntawv piav qhia. Nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw dav dav kev npaj tswv yim, cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau yog muab kwv yees, raws li cov qauv.
Thaum tsim kho cov dej tswj thiab cov chaw hydraulic, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tag nrho cov cuab yeej thiab cov qauv uas muab kev tsim kho cov dej siv thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho, nrog rau kev ua txhaum ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm kev tsim kho vaj tse los yog chav tsev ntawm cov qauv hydraulic.
Muaj ib-theem tsim, uas feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim kho nruab nrab, tom qab ntawd cov phiaj xwm kev tsim kho dav dav tsis tau kos. Cov hom phiaj kev tsim kho feem ntau tau teev tseg, nws tseem yuav tham tshwj xeeb txog qhov thib ob ntawm cov tseem ceeb.
Objective building master plan
Nws tab tom tsim, raws li twb tau hais lawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau txhua yam khoom los ntawm cov uas pom hauv qhov chaw dav dav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov phiaj xwm kev tsim khoom tuaj yeem raug kos rau txhua theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm: lub sijhawm npaj, lub voj voog xoom, kev tsim kho ntawm qhov saum toj no hauv av. Nws cov duab nraaj muaj tib lub ntsiab lus raws li qhov chaw dav dav, tsuas yog txhua qhov teeb meem tau ua tiav ntau yam ntxiv.
Scaling feem ntau yog tib yam. Kev tsim kho thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau muab tso rau tib yam li thaum tsim cov phiaj xwm dav dav ntawm qhov chaw, yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai tau tsim thiab lees txais kev suav. Qhov txawv tsuas yogqhov tseeb hais tias tsis muaj peev xwm kwv yees kwv yees, txij li thaum muaj ib lub hauv paus rau lub natural npaum li cas ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, kev siv cov nqi, thiab lwm yam.
Compilation order
Kev tsim cov khoom siv dav dav pib feem ntau nrog kev xaiv mounting lifting mechanisms thiab machines thiab lawv qhov tshwj xeeb thiab kev tso kawm. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav ua kom pom tseeb tias yuav tsim cov chaw khaws cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev, prefabricated li cas, qhov twg yuav tsum tau muab txoj hauv kev. Tom qab ua tiav cov kev tsim qauv no, cov khoom siv ntxiv yog muab tso rau raws li daim ntawv teev npe (SNiP 3.01.01.85).
Thaum muaj ntau lub tsev lossis cov qauv tsim, cov chaw tsim kho yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim kho, tab sis kuj tseem muaj ntau lub tsev pabcuam ib ntus uas tsim nyog rau cov kev xav tau ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho, lub npe hu ua kev tsim kho. Txoj kev thiab txoj kev, yooj yim nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm thiab kev lag luam vaj tse, ntau yam mechanized installations, warehouses, pipeline networks rau technologies, dej mov, thiab fais fab mov network tau nruab rau kev tsim kho tsheb thauj mus los.
Purpose
Kev tsim kho tus tswv muaj nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muab qhov chaw tsim kho kom zoo tshaj plaws nrog rau txhua yam tsim nyog - hauv tsev thiab kev lag luam, kom kev lees paub, khaws cia, xa khoom tsim nyog, cov khoom lag luam ib nrab thiab Cov khoom lag luam rau txhua qhov chaw ua haujlwm tshwm sim raws sijhawm.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom txhua qhov kev tsim kho thiab tshuab ua haujlwm ib txwm,thiaj li hais tias qhov chaw tsim kho tau muab cua sov, dej thiab hluav taws xob. Kev tsim kho tus tswv txoj kev npaj qhia txog txhua qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev tsim kho kev nyab xeeb, kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm, kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, nrog rau teeb pom kev rau tag nrho qhov chaw tsim kho thaum hmo ntuj.
tsev ib ntus
Nyob ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho, ntawm cov chaw ruaj khov nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm cov tsev uas tsuas yog siv thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho. Lawv cov kev tsim kho yog tsim nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, thiab tom qab kev tsim kho tiav, lawv yuav tsum dismantled los yog demolished. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab txoj kev nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho yog suav tias yog cov qauv ib ntus.
Piv txwv li, cov tsheb ciav hlau rau ntauwd cranes yuav raug tshem tawm thaum lawv tsis xav tau lawm. Txhua lub tsev khaws khoom rau cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom lag luam, nrog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, teeb pom kev zoo sab nraum zoov, hluav taws kub hydrants, laj kab kev tsim kho - tag nrho cov no yuav raug tshem tawm tom qab kev tsim kho tiav.
Qhov txawv ntawm cov phiaj xwm tswv
Kev txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, kev tsim cov tswv yim sib txawv ntawm ib leeg ntawm txhua theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm nomenclature, qib ntawm kev nthuav dav thiab qhov tseeb qhov chaw ntawm txhua qhov chaw ib ntus thiab ruaj khov.
Thaum lub sijhawm kev txhim kho, kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yog them rau kev siv qhov tsim nyog ntawm thaj chaw tsim kho, txo tus nqi ntawm cov qauv thiab cov tsev nyob ib ntus, kev tso siab rau qhov chaw tsim kho ntawm txhua yam tsim nyog rau kev lag luam kev lag luam. Cov teeb meem ib puag ncig kuj tseem ceeb heev.
Initial data
Rau qhov tsim ntawm cov phiaj xwm kev tsim kho, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov hauv qab no: qhov ntev, qhov chaw thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho, qhov loj thiab qhov chaw ntawm thaj chaw, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv, cov qauv thiab cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim kho, hom. Mechanization yuav tsum tau siv, thiab cov txheej txheem installation. Daim ntawv qhia hnub yuav tsum tau ua rau kev tsim kho qhov chaw lossis lub sijhawm teem caij sib ntsib.
Ntau yam nyob ntawm qhov nyem ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho: qhov chaw tso chaw nyob ib ntus thiab ruaj khov, kev pom zoo ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab txoj kev, tshem tawm cov dej phwj tuaj thiab cua daj cua dub los ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho. Cov ntaub ntawv climatological input yuav tsum ua raws li qhov kev xaiv ntawm hom chaw cia khoom (lawv tuaj yeem kaw lossis qhib), nrog rau cov chaw uas lawv yuav tsum nyob. Piv txwv li, qhib warehouses nrog plua plav los yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau nruab rau ntawm sab leeward.
Kev tsim lub tsev tswv yim feem ntau muaj peb kauj ruam. Ua ntej, qhov sib xyaw ntawm tag nrho cov qauv ib ntus raug txiav txim siab, tom qab ntawd cov chaw ntawm txhua qhov kev tsim kho tau raug cim, thiab thaum kawg, kev suav raug raug ua tiav.
Thaum lub tswv yim kev tsim kho tau tsim, nws yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog tus tswv txoj kev npaj, qhov twg engineering networks uas twb muaj lawm tau qhia, vim tias cov qauv ib ntus tsis tuaj yeem nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib txuas lus. Qhov no kuj yog qhov ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv tau mus tas li rau kev tsim kho xav tau.
Txoj kev, warehouses
Txoj kev hauv qhov chaw tsim kho tau muab tso kom yooj yim rau kev nkag thiab tawm ntawm cov tsheb, nrog rau kev thauj khoom thiab thauj khoom. Txoj kev network yuav tsum muab rau lub nplhaib hla. Qhov dav ntawm roadbed ntawm txoj kev ib ntus yog txiav txim siab coj mus rau hauv tus account cov kev thauj mus los uas yuav koom nrog. Feem ntau, txoj kev ib ntus yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ua pob zeb uas tau muab tso rau hauv ob kab.
Lub tsev khaws khoom tau teeb tsa raws li kev npaj tsim kho. Warehouses tuaj yeem yog:
- kub thiab tsis;
- hauv tsev;
- nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhib lossis npog thaj chaw.
Muaj peev xwm yog tsim nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv thiab lawv qhov chaw cia. Warehouses ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho yog muab faib ua on-site thiab general site. Cov tom kawg yog hom kaw, tsim rau cov khoom kim thiab perishable (iav, xim, fittings, thiab lwm yam).
