Lub xyoo pua tam sim no, los ntawm kev sib piv nrog Bronze lossis Iron Age, tuaj yeem ntseeg siab hu ua hnub nyoog ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Cov tsos ntawm lo lus no yog hais txog nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, tab sis lub tswv yim nws tus kheej tsis yog tshiab - kev siv ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv tau siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse los ntawm cov builders ntawm ancient Babylon thiab Rome, masters ntawm ancient Greece. thiab Moscow architects. Tsis tas li ntawd, xwm nws tus kheej tsim cov qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw hauv ntau yam - cov no yog cov pob txha, ntoo, tsiaj plhaub, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj.
Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj ntau yam hauv lawv cov khoom sib xyaw: lub hauv paus yas, uas yog hu ua matrix, thiab cov fillers uas tso cai rau koj muab cov khoom sib xyaw qub qub uas tsis yog yam ntxwv ntawm nws. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yog qhov muaj ciam tebnruab nrab ntawm cov khoom, kuj hu ua theem.
Kev tsim cov ntsiab lus no yog tsom rau kev tsim cov khoom tshiab uas yuav muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub thiab kev tsim khoom. Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov kev xav tau, kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm tus nqi ntawm matrix thiab fillers yog siv, tshwj xeeb reagents yog nquag siv. Tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb me me hauv kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw yog qhov kev npaj ntawm cov khoom hauv cov khoom nws tus kheej, lawv qhov kev txiav txim siab sib raug zoo thiab nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom thauj. Qhov siab dua lub zog ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, qhov siab dua qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm nws cov qauv.
Hnub no, lub tswv yim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw txhais tau tias tag nrho ntau yam ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm, muab cov txheej txheem ntawm lawv cov khoom ua tau raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev txaus siab rau kev txhim kho thiab tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab yog txhawb los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv tsim thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm kev coj ua niaj hnub engineering.
Dab tsi yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua los ntawm
Cov hauv qab no feem ntau yog siv los ua cov matrix hauv lawv cov khoom siv: cements, hlau, polymers, ceramics. Fillers nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tuaj yeem yog cov khoom tsim ntuj tsim thiab tsim khoom uas muaj fiber ntau, ntawv, tawg, cov ntaub ntawv loj (tsis ntev los no, cov ntaub ntawv microdispersed thiab nanoparticles kuj tau siv).
Multicomponent composite cov ntaub ntawv muab faib ua: hybrid, suav nrog hauv lawvmuaj pes tsawg leeg sib txawv fillers, thiab polymatrix, combining ob peb matrices nyob rau hauv ib cov khoom.
Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw
Vim tias, thaum tsim cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, lawv lub hom phiaj muab cov khoom sib txawv, thaj tsam ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov yuav tsum yog qhov dav heev. Vim lawv cov qauv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov khoom sib xyaw tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom siv hauv xov tooj cua lossis cov xov tooj cua pob tshab, lawv tuaj yeem yooj yim tiv nrog kev tiv thaiv thermal ntawm chaw nres tsheb. Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yog siv los ua cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj tiav. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev txhim kho ntawm ntau lawm thiab technologies, uas yog muab los ntawm kev siv cov composites nyob rau hauv electronics, tshuaj, metallurgy, kev ua si, thiab kos duab.
Tam sim no koj paub ntau yam txog dab tsi tsim cov khoom sib xyaw!
