Txhua lub sijhawm, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua qhov kev sim thiab kev sim, uas tshawb xyuas cov khoom sib xyaw uas sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntuj thiab khoom tsim. Xws li ib tug tandem ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kom tau cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev ua tau zoo dua, vim hais tias cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog txhim kho tag nrho cov ntsuas ntawm cov khoom uas xwm muab. Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm txoj kev no hu ua composite lossis polymer. Ib qho ntawm lawv yog geopolymer pob zeb, uas yog qhov tseeb ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Lub npe "geo" (hauv Greek - "lub ntiaj teb") yog qhov kev lees paub tias cov khoom tshiab tsuas muaj cov khoom xyaw ntuj xwb.
Innovative pob zeb sib tov tsis yog ib yam tshiab - nws twb paub rau cov txiv neej nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm: nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub pyramids nyob rau hauv Egypt, ib tug zoo xws li cov khoom siv tsev. Hmoov tsis zoo, nws daim ntawv qhia tseeb tseem yog qhov tsis paub meej rau tus txiv neej niaj hnub no, tab sis ua tsaug rau kev qhia txog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, cov kws tshawb fawb tau rov qab kho qhov kwv yees muaj pes tsawg leeg, thev naus laus zis thiab tau txais yuav luag tib yam analogue li geopolymer pob zeb nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsuas yog qhov tseeb xwbkeeb kwm thiab tsuas yog ib feem siv rau kev tsim kho niaj hnub no.
Kev piav qhia txog kev daws teeb meem tshiab
Ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib xyaw ua vaj tse tshiab yog tias nws ncav cuag lub zog siab tshaj plaws hauv lub sijhawm luv: nws siv sijhawm ib lub lis piam kom tag nrho cov tawv tawv, thaum cov tshuaj khib nyiab yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua 4 zaug.
Geopolymer pob zeb, zoo li Portland cement, muaj ntau yam khoom, tab sis lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg sib txawv heev. Cov tshuaj tshiab no feem ntau yog cov tshauv thiab slag - pov tseg los ntawm ntau yam kev lag luam. Yav dhau los, cov khib nyiab no tsis tau siv dua tshiab thiab tsuas yog ua rau ib puag ncig. Tau kawg, kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev tshiab yuav tsis daws qhov teeb meem tam sim ntawd, tab sis cov tshauv thiab slag yuav dhau los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau lawv cov khoom siv.
Daim ntawv thov txiaj ntsig
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, geopolymer pob zeb yog cov khoom lag luam nrog lub neej yav tom ntej: tsis zoo li Portland cement, nws yog siv los tsim cov qauv sib sib zog nqus. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog txhua yam: nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob, qhov sib xyaw ua vaj tse tshiab yog qhov zoo dua rau lwm cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas siv hauv kev tsim vaj tsev. Piv txwv li, ib phab ntsa ntawm qhov geopolymer no tsuas yog 30 cm tuab khaws cov cua sov tib yam li cov phab ntsa cib, tab sis 1.25 m tuab.
Raws li, siv cov tshuaj khib nyiab tshiab rau kev tsim kho, koj tuaj yeem txuag nyiaj ntau:
- Koj tuaj yeem tsim lub tsev nrog cov khoom siv tsawg dua.
- ua tsaug qisthermal conductivity ntawm geopolymer cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev yuav txo tus nqi ntawm qhov chaw cua sov hauv lawv.
Key Features
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, geopolymer pob zeb yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev yav tom ntej, vim nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo, xws li:
- Small shrinkage.
- High compressive zog.
- Resistant rau acids.
- Low permeability. Qhov ntsuas no yuav luag sib npaug ntawm granite.
- Zoo kub kub tiv taus mus txog +1300 °. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua qhov kev sim: rau 120 feeb lawv nthuav tawm cov vaj huam sib luag ntawm geopolymer pob zeb thiab Portland cement kom kub heev. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom lag luam los ntawm kev sib xyaw tshiab tseem nyob ruaj khov, thaum Portland cement panels pom ntau qhov tawg thiab chips.
Tab sis cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev daws peb tab tom txiav txim siab yog tias nws tso tawm tsawg kawg ntawm tsev cog khoom gases.
Yog tias peb piv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev tshiab, nws zoo ib yam li cov pob zeb ntuj, vim nws muaj cov khoom siab dua li cov mortar. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, koj tuaj yeem npaj geopolymer pob zeb nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, vim nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj. Nws tsuas yog tsim nyog los npaj cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm.
Composition feature
Daim ntawv qhia yooj yim heev, thiab cov khoom siv pheej yig: ya tshauv, dej, potassium hydroxide,kua iav thiab slag. Cov khoom xyaw kawg yog tsim nyog los muab lub zog thiab kav ntev. Tab sis nws ib leeg tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov khoom tiav los ntawm kev tawg, uas yog kev zam tsis tau thaum lub sij hawm shrinkage. Qhov tsis zoo no tshem tawm qhov muaj cov tshauv ya. Ntxiv mus, ob qho tib si ntxiv dag zog rau cov pob zeb sib xyaw, thiab nws yuav muaj peev xwm tiv taus tej yam tsis zoo.
Vim li cas ya tshauv? Vim hais tias txawm yog nws tus kheej cov khoom no muaj cov cuab yeej technology thiab lub cev, yog li ntxiv nws mus rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg pab ua kom muaj zog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom tiav (rau qib ntawm granite).
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txhuas silicates suav nrog hauv kev sib xyaw yog hu ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Lawv, reacting nrog alkali, polymerize. Yog li ntawd, ib qho khoom monolith yog tsim. Nws yog qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom uas ua rau muaj lwm lub npe rau cov khoom siv - nws yog hu ua slag-alkaline qhob mix.
Npaj ua haujlwm
Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum npaj:
- muaj peev xwm.
- Tools.
- Zaj.
- Respirator.
- Points.
- hnab looj tes.
- Ncua kom tswj cov proportions.
- Formwork los yog daim ntawv uas cov mortar tiav lawm yuav cast.
Ib qho tseem ceeb nthuav dav: rau kev sib tov, koj yuav tsum tau siv spatula ua los ntawm cov khoom uas yuav tsis hnov mob nrog alkalis. Cov cuab yeej ntoo yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb: thaum sib tov, cov khoom ua kom sov, yog li kev sib xyaw koj yuav tsum tau nqa lub thawv uas tiv taus qhov kub siab. Yog ibNws yog ib qho tsim nyog uas cov tshuaj tiav hardens sai dua, electrolytes tuaj yeem tso rau hauv formwork. Hauv qhov no, lawv kuj yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev uas txiav txim siab ua geopolymer pob zeb nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes feem ntau txaus siab rau qhov tseeb ntawm qhov sib tov. Tsis muaj daim ntawv qhia npaj ua hauv lub vev xaib, vim cov tuam txhab khaws cia nws zais cia, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm los txhim kho cov khoom siv tshiab. Koj tuaj yeem pom ntau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm daim ntawv qhia, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm thawj zaug tseem yuav luag tsis hloov.
Ua raws li nws, rau kev tsim khoom ntawm 1.0 l ntawm cov tshuaj geopolymer, koj yuav tsum npaj:
- 550 g ntawm ya tshauv thiab tib tus nqi ntawm slag;
- 110g dej;
- 240g dej khob;
- 180g 45% CON.
Txhua yam khoom muaj muag thiab nrhiav tau yooj yim. Tau kawg, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam yuav siab dua cov analogues los ntawm Portland cement zoo tib yam, tab sis lawv lub zog deb tshaj cov ntsiab lus pob zeb.
ua noj ua haus technology
Yog tias koj muaj tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog thiab cov cuab yeej, koj tuaj yeem npaj geopolymer pob zeb rau koj tus kheej. Cov thev naus laus zis yooj yim heev, tab sis koj tsuas yog yuav tsum ua raws li tag nrho cov lus pom zoo:
- Cov av noo yuav tsum tsawg hauv chav uas ua haujlwm kom cov poov tshuaj hydroxide tsis "ntws". Vim tias qhov tshwj xeeb no, cov hydroxide feem ntau tsuas yog tsis ntim khoom ua ntej muab tso rau hauv cov tshuaj.
- KOH iscov khoom siv nruj heev, yog li koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm nrog nws siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv - hnab looj tes thiab tsom iav.
- Cov iav kua kuj suav tias yog hygroscopic thiab txhoj puab heev - koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ceev faj nrog nws.
- Txhua txoj haujlwm kneading yuav tsum ua kom sai.
Yog siv lub pob zeb sib tov, ua haujlwm raws li hauv qab no:
- Nco hauv dej. Tsis txhob siv cov kua dej txias - nws yuav tsum sov.
- Pho rau hauv slag thiab tshauv.
- Tom qab txhua yam sib tov zoo, ntxiv cov polymers.
- Kho dua kom txog thaum tau txais cov tshuaj homogeneous.
- Pov sib tov rau hauv pwm.
Ib qho tseem ceeb nthuav dav: ya tshauv yog ib yam khoom uas muaj lub koob npe nrov ntawm ib puag ncig, tab sis ua tsaug rau nws siv, cov pob zeb sib tov tau txais lub zog ntau dua, uas nws khaws tau ntev heev. Yog li ntawd, yog tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tau txais cov khoom siv ruaj khov, cov hmoov tshauv kuj tuaj yeem siv tau, tab sis yog tias ib puag ncig kev phooj ywg tseem ceeb dua, cov hmoov tshauv tsawg dua tuaj yeem coj mus, thiab ib feem ntawm nws tuaj yeem hloov nrog cov cement.
khoom molding
Txhawm rau tsim qhov chaw ntawm qhov xav tau loj thiab cov duab, koj tuaj yeem siv tib lub formwork xws li Portland cement. Lawv yuav tsum tau ntxuav thiab lubricated nrog siv los yog lwm yam (txawm tias zaub) roj ua ntej. Tom qab ntawd, kev txhim kho yog muab tso rau (yog tias tsim nyog), thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd daim ntawv sau nrog pob zeb mortar. Thaum pouring, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom tsis txhob tawm hauv qhov voids, vim qhov twg geopolymer pob zeb slabs tuaj yeemyav tom ntej tawg.
Twb nyob rau hauv ib hnub, cov blanks yuav harden: ib zaj duab xis rau ntawm lawv nto. Nws lub xub ntiag yuav ua rau kom muaj zog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lawv yuav muaj peev xwm tiv taus ntau dua.
kev xaiv kev xaiv
Rau cov neeg nyiam kev sim, cov khoom siv no yog thaj chaw dav rau kev siv txhua lub tswv yim: thaum ua kev sib xyaw ua ke, koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj organic. Yog li, dej-soluble resins tuaj yeem ua cov khoom siv astringent. Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog siv PVA resins hloov, ces cov emulsifier yuav polyvinyl cawv, uas yog nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Qee tus siv cov ntoo shredded hauv lawv qhov chaw tsim khoom. Nws yog soaked nyob rau hauv dej thiab kho nrog ib tug ozonator, tom qab uas nws yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub pob zeb tov khoom yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog rau lwm yam Cheebtsam kom xaus nrog geopolymer pob zeb. Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau qhov kev daws teeb meem, tau txais cov duab uas xav tau, harden sai? Ua li no, nws yog poured rau hauv ib tug formwork nrog electrodes, los ntawm uas lawv yog ces raug rau hluav taws xob tam sim no rau 60 feeb. Ntxiv mus, hluav taws xob tsis yog coj ncaj qha los ntawm lub network, tab sis yog dhau los ntawm lub converter. Tom qab cov txheej txheem ua tiav hardens, lub formwork raug tshem tawm ntawm nws thiab cov khoom tom ntej yog ua.
Kev yuav khoom npaj sib tov
Tsis yog txhua tus neeg siv khoom lossis tus tswv nyiam sim - ntau tus nyiam tsis ua lub tsev pob zeb, tab sis yuav cov pob zeb ua tiav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim tsis muaj teeb meem hauv kev nrhiav cov khoom xyaw: rau ntau tshaj 4 xyoo hauv RussiaGeopolymer concretes yog tsim los ntawm cov av nplaum raw khoom ntawm koom pheej ntawm Tatarstan. Cov neeg tsim khoom muab cov npe sib txawv, tus nqi uas nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom thiab lawv cov proportions. Koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom siv hauv tsev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom sib tov qhuav uas tsis muaj hardener.
Ntawm kev muag khoom muaj cov khoom npaj ua tiav ntawm ob qho tib si Lavxias thiab txawv teb chaws. Lawv qhov sib txawv yog tus nqi thiab qhov ceev ntawm solidification.
Cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov npe Lavxias hauv qab no yog qhov txaus siab:
- " pob zeb paj".
- Sebryakovcement.
- "Eurocement group".
Los ntawm cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tuam txhab xws li nrov:
- German Heidelberger Cement.
- Spanish GRUPOSUBDI.
- French LAFARGE.
Lub meej mom ntawm cov khoom tiav
Hnub no koj tuaj yeem yuav cov pob zeb ua tiav ntawm ntau hom. Lawv raug txiav txim siab los ntawm cov ntsuas hauv qab no:
- Water resistant - qib W 2-W 12.
- Frost resistance - qib ntawm F 50 txog F 300.
- Strength - qib M 50 txog M 500.
Ntxiv rau, hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke - kom yooj yim ntawm kev siv - qhov ntim ntawm txhua hom muab tub lim yuav txawv nyob ntawm qhov xav tau kawg. Cement kuj suav nrog hauv geopolymer pob zeb, tab sis ib feem ntawm nws yog hloov los ntawm ya tshauv. Nws cov nyiaj yuav tsum sib npaug rau cov lej ntawm cov pob zeb crushed, xuab zeb thiab cement.
