Ib qho ntawm thawj theem hauv kev tsim cov qauv rau ntau lub hom phiaj yog kev teeb tsa ntawm formwork. Feem ntau cov txheej txheem no mus unnoticed. Tab sis twb nyob rau theem ntawm kev npaj rau pouring, nws yog pom tseeb hais tias tsis yog txhua txhua yog yooj yim raws li nws tau xav thaum xub thawj. Cov lus qhia kev teeb tsa formwork yuav pab kom sib sau ua ke.
hom formwork
Muaj peb hom kev tsim kho:
Tshem tau, uas yog dismantled tom qab cov tshuaj tau qhuav tag. Xws li ib tug formwork yog assembled los ntawm nyias qhov chaw. Qhov tshwm sim yog cov qauv collapsible uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem thiab rov siv dua. Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv no yog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa, muaj peev xwm rov siv dua, uas txo cov nqi nyiaj txiag ntawm kev tsim kho
Tsau, ntsig, ib qho uas tsis tau rhuav tshem. Kev teeb tsa ntawm formwork ntawm hom no yog ua los ntawm kev nthuav dav polystyrene lossis polystyrene. Nws tseem yog ib feem ntawm cov qauv hauv kev tsim kho. Thiab tib lub sijhawm nws ua raws li lub tshuab cua sov
"Floating" formwork yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim khomonolithic foundation, uas yog immersed nyob rau hauv av. Nws yog ib daim ntaub thaiv npog los ntawm cov laug cam, uas yog me ntsis siab nyob rau hauv qhov siab tshaj li qhov kev npaj ua vaj tse. Cov ntaub thaiv npog tau qis rau hauv lub qhov thiab txuas nrog nws cov phab ntsa. Cardboard lossis ru tsev xav tau dov rau saum nws
Tseem muaj ntau yam nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj:
Phab ntsa formwork. Nws qhov kev teeb tsa yog ua rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov qauv ntsug thiab phab ntsa
Kab rov tav, uas yog siv rau mounting lub hauv paus thiab pem teb
Cov, uas tso cai rau koj sau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov duab txawv txawv
Mounting thiab dismantling ntawm formwork ntawm txhua hom muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Koj yuav tsum paub lawv kom ua haujlwm zoo.
Qhov zoo ntawm daim ntawv ruaj khov
Txhim kho cov formwork yuav tsum tau yuav cov khoom npaj npaj ua haujlwm. Nws tseem tsuas yog kom sib sau cov qauv thiab nruab nws. Qhov no txhais tau tias muaj ntau qhov zoo uas formwork ntawm hom no muaj:
short turnaround time;
easy installation;
lub teeb hnyav tsim;
tiv taus pwm thiab pwm;
kev nyab xeeb hluav taws;
nqi me ntsis
Tsis tas li ntawd kho formwork yog tib lub sij hawm ib txheej ntawm rwb thaiv tsev thiab yog ib tug ua npuas ncauj blocks uas yooj yim txuas rau ib leeg. Sab hauv phab ntsa yog nyias dua li sab nrauv. Qhov no ua tiav qib siab ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev.
Kev tsim kho cov ntawv ruaj khov
Kev txhim kho phab ntsa formworksiv cov blocks ruaj yog yooj yim dua li txoj kev ib txwm muaj.
Ua haujlwm pib nrog kev npaj ntawm qhov chaw, nteg ib txheej ntawm cov dej tsis huv. Blocks tsuas yog muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm brickwork (nrog offset seams). Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom muaj zog (rigidity) ntawm cov qauv.
Pib nrog, tsuas yog ib kab ntawm cov blocks yog nteg, ces ntxiv dag zog (overlapping). Muaj cov grooves tshwj xeeb rau qhov no. Lub zog yog interconnected los ntawm ib tug ntsug hlau. Cov kab hauv qab no tau muab tso rau hauv tib txoj kev.
Cov blocks tau nrawm ua ke los ntawm kev txuas cov grooves tshwj xeeb nrog lub teeb siab. Lawv pib nchuav pob zeb mortar twb nyob rau ntawm kab thib peb ntawm blocks.
Muaj ib qho zais cia me me hauv kev ua haujlwm. Cov phab ntsa yuav txhim khu kev qha ntau dua yog tias cov pob qij txha ntawm cov mortar txheej tseem nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov thaiv. Ua li no, sau cov kab saum toj mus rau ib nrab.
Txoj kev tshem tawm cov formwork
Peb yuav txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev teeb tsa formwork siv qhov piv txwv ntawm cov qauv tshem tawm tau. Hom no feem ntau ua los ntawm cov tswv tsev yam tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm cov kws tsim khoom.
Formwork installation yog tsim los ntawm cov laug cam, tuav, plywood thiab lwm cov ntawv ntoo. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias cov phiaj no txawm tias. Txhua txoj haujlwm pib nrog kev npaj ntawm qhov chaw. Lub xaib yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws, cov khib nyiab, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tuav, cov ces kaum ntawm cov qauv tsim yog cim. Lawv yuav yog lub hauv paus los ntawm qhov seem ntawm kev ntsuas yuav raug ua. Raws li qhov ntev ntawm cov tuavmus rau daim ntaub thaiv npog.
Cov ntaub thaiv npog tiav yog txuas rau lub kaum sab xis nrog tus kheej tapping screws lossis rau tes. Fastening yuav tsum muaj kev ruaj ntseg. Thaum cov pob zeb nthuav dav, lub siab ntawm daim thaiv yuav nce, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawg ntawm cov laug cam. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov bar nws tus kheej tseem nyob rau sab nraud. Parallel rau cov qauv sib dhos, lwm kab yog sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov deb ntawm phab ntsa yav tom ntej. Qhov tshwm sim yuav tsum yog ib tug ncej nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov perimeter.
Ib txheej ntawm cov pob zeb crushed los yog xuab zeb yog poured rau hauv lub thawv formwork tiav. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv cov kev daws teeb meem los ntawm kev poob dej, uas yuav nkag mus rau hauv av. Lub formwork installation technology muab kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntoo thaiv los ntawm cov ndlwg ntawm mortar los ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm qhov. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov ntaub thaiv npog tau npog nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab lossis cov khoom siv vov tsev, uas tau txuas nrog cov ntsia hlau lossis staples siv lub stapler.
Txhua txoj haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua nrog rau qib. Nws tseem ceeb heev. Nyob rau txhua theem, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov qauv hauv qhov siab, qhov ntev thiab ntsug yog kuaj (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov tseem ceeb). Ob kab ntawm daim thaiv yuav tsum khiav nruj me ntsis rau ib leeg.
Basic formwork elements
Tshem tawm formwork, uas yog tus kheej-sib dhos, muaj cov hauv qab no:
Deck, uas yog daim thaiv tiaj tus, uas yog lub laj kab ntawm tag nrho daim ntawv. Cov qauv yuav tsum muaj zog txaus los tiv thaiv lub siab ntawm cov tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ua los ntawm plywood los yog edged boards 4-5 cm tuab
Scaffolding uas txhawb nqa cov qauv. Lawv tuav cov phab ntsa, tiv thaiv cov kev daws los ntawm kev nyem tawm lub lawj. Scaffolding yog tsim los ntawm ntoo thuv bar lossis boards (2.5-5 cm)
Kev yoo mov yog txhua yamqhov chaw uas tag nrho cov txheej txheem yog twisted: hlau, clamps, ties, hardware, thiab hais txog
Lub lawj feem ntau yog sib sau los ntawm cov laug cam 15 cm dav, uas txuas nrog ob peb kab nrog rau tes (tsav los ntawm sab hauv, khoov los ntawm sab nraud) lossis tus kheej tapping screws (lawv twisted los ntawm sab hauv). Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov laug cam yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 3 hli. Cov ntaub thaiv npog tau txuas nrog cov slats ntxiv.
Ib qho kev xaiv yooj yim rau kev ua lub lawj yog siv cov plywood uas tsis muaj dej noo nrog lub thickness ntawm 1.8-2.1 cm.
Formwork installation
Lub thav duab yuav raug teeb tsa sib npaug thiab theem yog tias lub xaib tau npaj ua ntej. Nws yog cim nrog kev pab ntawm cords stretched ntawm lub pegs. Cov xuab zeb cushion yog sau thiab compacted. Yog tias tsim nyog, npaj ib lub qhov.
Cov formwork tau teeb tsa hauv cov kab ke hauv qab no:
Lub cheeb tsam yuav tsum tau cim nrog cov lus qhia ntsug (ntoo blocks, hlau kaum lossis kav dej)
Nws yuav tsum tau muab cov ntaub thaiv npog npaj ua raws li cov lus qhia, tswj qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv (nws yog sib npaug rau qhov yuav tsum tau muaj thickness ntawm lub hauv paus)
Kho lub lawj kom ruaj khov. Txhawb nqa nws los ntawm sab nraud nrog inclined tuav (1 brace rau txhua meter ntawm lawj)
Txuas cov ntaub thaiv npog rau ib leeg nrog 5x5 cm tuav
Npog sab hauv ntawm lub formwork nrog ib zaj duab xis (cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev)
Cov hauv paus nce mus txog 20 cm siab tsis tas yuav tsim kho loj. Blocks uas tau tsav mus rau hauv av yog txaus rau lawv.
Kev txhim khophab ntsa formwork
nyuaj dua yog cov txheej txheem ntawm erecting phab ntsa formwork. Tib lub sijhawm, lub vaj huam sib luag me thiab cov vaj huam sib luag loj yog qhov txawv.
Thawj qhov kev xaiv yog tsim nyog rau kev tsim vaj tsev me me (lub teb chaws lub tsev, cov tsev siv hluav taws xob) thiab kev faib nruab nrab ntawm chav. Hauv qhov no, siv cov ntaub thaiv npog me me.
Kev txhim kho ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag loj yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim vaj tsev nrog qhov siab zoo. Rau kev ua haujlwm, siv cov ntawv hlau lossis cov ntawv loj ntawm plywood.
Rau qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm cov phab ntsa, lub hauv paus yog npaj, rau hauv qhov kev txhawb nqa yog daig. Ib tug ob-kab formwork ncej yog assembled nyob ib ncig ntawm nws. Thaum siv cov plywood zoo tib yam, cov pob qij txha yog coated nrog kua nplaum los yog sealant. Tam sim no, muaj ib qho tshwj xeeb formwork plywood nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam. Nws cov nplooj ntawv ib leeg txuas nrog raws li txoj cai tenon-groove, uas tsis xav tau kev sib khi ntxiv.
Type of floors
Kev teeb tsa lub qab nthab yog nyob ntawm hom qab nthab nws tus kheej. Cov qauv hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
Nyob rau ntawm lub tais loj. Nws yog siv rau cov qauv nrog qhov siab siab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ntsug racks, jacks, inserts, crossbars thiab lwm yam khoom yog siv los txuas ib tug neeg qhov chaw
Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw scaffolding, uas yog siv rau ntau lub tsev. Scaffolding yog ntsia tsis yog plywood panels
Ntawm scaffolding ntawm khob hom. Qhov kev pom no muab rau kev teeb tsa ntawm tus ncej. Racks yog interconnected los ntawm lub khob txoj kev
Ntawm lub tais telescopic. Tsim nyog thaum qhov sib tshooj qhov siab tsawg dua 4.6m. Nws yog raws li tripods uas txhawb nqa tag nrho cov qauv. Cov plywood shields uas tsis muaj dej noo yog muab tso rau saum
Slab formwork
Tam sim no, kev sib tshooj monolithic feem ntau yog siv. Siv nws tus piv txwv, peb yuav txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa formwork.
Rau formwork, ntsug racks yog siv, interconnected los ntawm crossbars. Lawv txuas rau ntawm kaum sab xis mus rau cov tuav uas khiav hauv qhov kev taw qhia transverse. Ib daim ntaub thaiv plywood tau muab tso rau ntawm cov kab hla hla, uas yog hauv qab ntawm daim formwork.
Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no yog siv los ua cov haujlwm no:
stand - nqaj nrog ntu ntawm 12-15 cm;
crossbar thiab cross beam - edged board 16-18 cm dav thiab 5 cm tuab;
braces - board 3 cm tuab;
flooring - ya raws resistant (laminated) plywood 1.8 cm tuab
Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, nws yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov lej raug. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txiav txim seb qhov yuav tsum tau muaj pes tsawg tus racks, lawv qhov sib nrug thiab lwm yam ntsuas.
Slab formwork installation cov lus qhia
Cov lus qhia ua haujlwm suav nrog cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
Longitudinal tuav yog txuas rau sab sauv ntawm cov racks, qhov kawg thib ob uas yog tsau rau ntawm phab ntsa
Sib dhos kab thib ob tib yam. Ua li no, ib lub rooj tsavxwm 5 cm tuab yog muab tso rau hauv qhov kev txhawb nqa
Cov kab hla hla tau muab tso rau hauv qhov nce ntawm 60 cm
Nruab cov ntawv txhawb nqa (nruj nruj nruj)
Cov khib nyiab sib cuam tshuam los ntawm braces
Cov ntawv plywood tau muab tso rau ntawm cov kab hla hla, tsis yogtawm qhov khoob
Qhov kawg ntawm lub qab nthab yog tiv thaiv los ntawm masonry ntawm blocks los yog cib
Ib lub thav duab tau sib sau los ntawm kev txhawb nqa. Tib lub sijhawm, lawv tawm, yog tias tsim nyog, chaw rau kev sib txuas lus
Thaum ua tiav tag nrho cov haujlwm, cov pob zeb tuaj yeem nchuav. Tshem tawm formwork tom qab 3 lub lis piam.
Zaj lus
Kev teeb tsa ntawm formwork ntawm txhua hom suav nrog kev siv qee yam khoom. Yog tias siv cov boards, lawv yuav tsum yog tshiab. Rotten qub boards tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus lub nra thiab tawg. Plywood yuav tsum tsis txhob ya raws los yog laminated.
Txhua txoj haujlwm yuav tsum ua tiav raws li kev suav ua. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev teeb tsa ntawm formwork rau hauv pem teb thiab phab ntsa.
