Tees yog tsob ntoo coniferous lossis tsob ntoo, nws muaj ntau hom thiab ntau yam. Cov nroj tsuag no yog unpretentious hauv kev saib xyuas thiab yog lub siab ntev. Gardeners nyiam siv yew thaum tsim hedges hauv vaj tsev thiab lub caij ntuj sov cottages, hauv chaw ua si thiab squares. Nws yog dav faib nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Europe thiab yog ib tug ntev-nyob cov ntaub ntawv tuav. Cov lus piav qhia thiab cov duab ntawm yew berry yuav nthuav tawm hauv kab lus.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Yew Berry yog hais txog cov ntoo coniferous ntawm tsev neeg yew. Loj hlob tuaj, nws nce mus txog qhov siab ntawm 10 mus rau 20 meters, qee zaum mus txog 28 meters. Kev loj hlob ntawm yew qeeb, tab sis nws muaj lub neej zoo - qee qhov nyob mus txog ib thiab ib nrab lossis txawm txog plaub txhiab xyoo. Ib tsob ntoo qub tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe yog Fortingall Yew, pom hauv Scotland, kwv yees li ntawm ob txog tsib txhiab xyoo.
tsob ntoo muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm ib thiab ib nrab metres thiab lub ovoid-cylindrical ntom crown. Feem ntau, yews muaj ntau hom kab mob siab tshaj plaws. Nws cov tawv nqaij yog reddish-grey nyob rau hauv cov xim, nrog ib tug lamellar los yog du zoo nkauj. Yew buds yog puag ncig los yog oval, lub teeb xim av, nrogme me nplais.
Daim duab ntawm yew Berry qhia tau hais tias tsob ntoo pob tw yog npog nrog ntau cov "pw tsaug zog" buds, uas muab ntau sab tua. Cov nplooj ntawm cov koob yog 20 mus rau 35 hli ntev thiab 2-2.5 hli dav, lawv muaj xim ntsuab tsaus nrog lub ntsej muag ci ntsa iab.
Habitat
Yew txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau nthuav dav hauv Central, Western thiab yav qab teb Europe, nyob rau sab qaum teb nws mus txog thaj chaw ntawm Norway, Sweden thiab Åland Islands. Nws kuj loj hlob nyob rau sab qaum teb Iran, sab hnub poob Asia thiab sab hnub poob Africa. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Russia thiab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ciam teb rau nws, yew hav zoov yog zoo khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub Carpathians thiab lub Crimean roob. Nws kuj tau muab faib rau sab hnub poob ntawm North Caucasus (Tisosamshitovaya Grove, Caucasian Reserve).
Muaj cov chaw hauv zos uas yew loj hlob hauv Belarus, tshwj xeeb hauv Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Nws kuj yog dav sawv cev hauv thaj av Kaliningrad ntawm Russia thiab thaj tsam sab hnub poob ntawm Estonia, Latvia thiab Lithuania. Yew feem ntau loj hlob nyob rau hauv hav zoov, undergrowth thiab ntoo sawv, nyob rau hauv lub tiaj. Hauv toj siab, nws tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov siab txog li ob txhiab meters saum hiav txwv theem.
Fastigiata Robusta
Berry yew muaj ntau yam. Ib qho ntawm feem ntau yog yew Fastigiata Robusta, lossis European. Hauv Latin, "fastigiata" txhais tau tias "conical", uas alludes rau cov duab ntawm tsob ntoo. Cia peb saib ntxiv.
Berry yew Fastigiata Robusta yog ib tsob ntoo ntsuab, tsob ntoo loj uas loj hlob nruj nruj. Nws muaj ib tug ntom, slender crown, uaszoo li ib kem. Cov ceg ntawm Robusta tsis muaj zog ceg, densely teem, nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm tua ntawm me me ntev. Loj hlob tuaj, nws nce mus txog qhov siab ntawm plaub mus rau yim meters, thiab qhov dav ntawm 0.8 txog 1.5 meters.
Cov qauv ntawm cov koob yog rab koob zoo li tus, kev npaj yog radial, dav. Nyob rau hauv cov duab, nws yog me ntsis nkhaus downwards, muaj ib tug muaj kua ntsuab xim. Hom yew nyiam loj hlob hauv cov av ntub dej uas muaj cov ntxhia thiab ntau cov as-ham, nrog rau cov av calcareous. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws tsis yog whimsical heev thiab hnov zoo nyob rau hauv me ntsis acidic thiab moderately qhuav hom av, tab sis tsis zam heev acidic sawv daws yuav.
Fastigiata txiv hmab txiv ntoo yew yog resistant rau siab rau hauv paus system los ntawm lwm yam nroj tsuag, cua-resistant thiab yuav siv sij hawm paus zoo nyob rau hauv lub nroog ib puag ncig. Fastigiata Robusta yog cov nroj tsuag nyob ntev thiab tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau txhiab xyoo. Hom yew no yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev tsim kho kom zoo nkauj, tsim ntau yam architectural forms thiab hedges.
Summergold ntau yam
Lwm ntau hom yog Summergold, uas txhais ua lus Lavxias ua "Golden Summer". Yew Berry Summergold yog coniferous, evergreen nroj tsuag. Nws loj hlob qeeb heev, zoo li nws cov sib piv ntawm lwm yam, kaum xyoo tom qab nws cog, qhov yew loj hlob mus txog ib meter. Nws cov xim nyob ntawm lub caij, yog lub caij ntuj sov nws muaj xim daj daj, tom qab ntawd lub sijhawm nws yog xim ntsuab xim av.
Ib tsob ntoo laus tuaj yeem ua siab ntev txaustiv taus qhov txias, thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas yuav tsum tau insulated rau lub caij ntuj no. Lub Summergold yew kuj tswj huab cua zoo. Nws tiv taus cua sov thiab tsis kub hnyiab los ntawm tshav ntuj ncaj qha, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los cog rau hauv ib qho chaw ntxoov ntxoo.
Yew Berry ntawm no ntau yam yog nyob ntev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum loj hlob nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob. Nws cov koob ncav cuag peb centimeters nyob rau hauv ntev thiab nyob rau hauv heev ntom ntawm tua uas muaj ib tug crescent puab thiab dav npoo.
Cov hauv paus hniav yog cov yas, nws zoo heev rau cov av noo me ntsis, nyob rau hauv uas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov as-ham nruab nrab yog ho siab dua nyob rau hauv qhuav sawv daws yuav. Txawm li cas los xij, cov av ntub heev yuav tsis haum rau qhov no, vim qhov no yuav ua rau rotting ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, thiab calcareous av yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau nws.
Yew Berry: cog thiab saib xyuas
Rau qhov cog yew kom zoo, koj yuav tsum xub xaiv cov av zoo. Nws hlob thiab loj hlob sai nyob rau hauv lub teeb, moist av nrog nplua nuj as-ham thiab ib tug zoo kua system. Cov dej ntws tau yooj yim ua rau koj tus kheej, rau qhov no koj yuav tsum sib tov cov av soddy, xuab zeb thiab peat hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 3: 2: 2.
Tsis txhob cog yew hauv av nrog acidity siab, nws yuav zoo dua nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig acidic lossis alkaline me ntsis. Thiab cov av xuab zeb thiab cov av uas muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsev hnyav hlau yog contraindicated rau nws, txij li thaum Bush yuav sai sai tuag nyob rau hauv nws.
cog yew Berry yuav tsum ua raws li qee yam xwm txheej. Yog xav tauTxhawm rau cog ob peb tsob ntoo ib zaug hauv ib kab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum muaj kev ncua deb ntawm cov nroj tsuag los ntawm 0.5 mus rau 1 meter. Yog tias qhov loj me ntawm qhov chaw tso cai rau koj kom muaj lub sijhawm loj dua, ces qhov kev ncua deb tau pom zoo kom nce mus rau 2.5 meters.
av tsaws
Thaum cog hauv av qhib, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus lej ntawm nuances. Cov no suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Cog yew bushes nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov los yog nruab nrab caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Ua ntej cog, lawv khawb qhov tob ntawm 60 mus rau 70 cm. Yog hais tias nws yog npaj los tsim ib tug hedge ntawm shrubs, ces nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no ib tug trench yog khawb tsis ntau tshaj li ib nrab ib 'meter' tob.
- Nws raug nquahu kom ntxiv cov av tshwj xeeb sib xyaw, hu ua av coniferous, rau qhov npaj (trench). Nws yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv av fungi, uas pab lub hauv paus system kom zoo dua txhim kho kev sib raug zoo nrog cov av tshiab thiab saturate lub shrub nrog kab kawm thiab nitrogen.
- Berry yew cuttings yog muab tso rau hauv lub qhov thiab sprinkled nrog lub ntiaj teb, thaum lub hauv paus dab tshos tsis tas yuav faus. Tom qab cog, cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub seedlings yuav tsum maj mam tamped thiab watered abundantly nrog chav tsev kub dej.
Kev saib xyuas tom qab tsaws. Kev ywg dej
Thawj xyoo tom qab cog yew, tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau watered ntau zaus. Qhov no yog vim lub sij hawm no lub hauv paus system tseem tsis tau tsim zoo thiab tsis muaj peev xwm haus cov as-ham thiab noo noo los ntawm cov av nyob rau hauv kom muaj nuj nqis.
Nyob rau xyoo tom ntej no, ib lub lim tiam yuav txaus, thiab thaum lub caij qhuav, ib zaug txhua tsib hnub. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov tub ntxhais hluas nroj tsuag. Rau ib tsob ntoo koj yuav tsum siv 10 liv dej.
Txhawm rau kom cov evaporation ntawm noo noo los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov av tshwm sim qeeb dua, nws yuav tsum tau mulch. Ua li no, cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw yuav tsum tau sprinkled nrog bark los yog ntoo chips, thaum txheej thickness yuav tsum yog los ntawm tsib mus rau xya centimeters. Tom qab mulching, tsob ntoo yog watered ntau tsawg zaus.
Yew Berry: Fertilizer Care
Tom qab thawj hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm yew thaum cog, lwm zaus nws yuav tsum tau fertilized tom qab ib xyoos. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom noj sib xyaw yog txo los ntawm 30%. Cov neeg laus yews tsis xav tau chiv, vim lawv tau tsim thiab tau txais tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov av thiab noo noo.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas shrubs raug pom zoo kom pub nrog cov pob zeb hauv av complex. Tom qab muaj hnub nyoog ob xyoos, kev hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus tau nres tag nrho, vim tias cov tshuaj ntxiv yuav tsis tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov nroj tsuag stunting.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas yew tom qab thawj lub caij ntuj no tau pom zoo kom fertilized nrog humus lossis compost. Tam sim ntawd ua ntej hnav khaub ncaws saum toj kawg nkaus, cov av yuav tsum tau khawb thiab muab ntxiv. Kev khawb yog ua tiav kom lub hauv paus system tau txais cov ntxhia thiab cov organic teeb meem tag nrho.
Pruning shrubs
Loj hlob yews yog pruned. Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv ob peb kis. Sanitary pruning tshem tawm cov ceg puas thiab qhuav. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm nocov nroj tsuag yog shortened txaus kom tsis txhob rov qhuav. Txawm tias tom qab hnyav pruning, shrubs zoo heev sai sai, tsis hais lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Kho kom zoo nkauj pruning, zoo li huv pruning, yog ua thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog lub caij ntuj sov. Cov ceg raug txo los ntawm ib feem peb ntawm lawv qhov ntev. Txhawm rau tsim lub crown ntawm tsob ntoo, vaj txiav yog siv, thiab cov ceg raug txiav nrog pruners. Lub vaj riam yog siv los txiav cov tub ntxhais hluas tua, thiab lub vaj pom yog siv los tshem cov ceg tuab. Shaping pruning tso cai rau koj muab lub yew zoo nkauj thiab tsim txhua yam duab. Feem ntau, tag nrho cov sculptural compositions yog tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag no.
YYuav kom loj hlob ib tug yew los ntawm cov noob, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau sau los ntawm ib tug neeg laus shrub nyob rau hauv lig Autumn, thaum lawv twb tag nrho ripe. Tom qab ntawd, lawv yog poured nrog dej nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab cia nyob rau hauv ob mus rau peb teev. Qhov no yog ua kom muaj peev xwm cais tawm lub plhaub sab nraud ntawm cov noob. Cov khoom cog yuav tsum tau qhuav thiab stratified hauv ib xyoos.
Stratification yog ua raws li hauv qab no: yew noob muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv nrog pre-calcined thiab sifted xuab zeb, uas yuav tsum tau moistened. Es tsis txhob xuab zeb, koj tuaj yeem siv cov txiv maj phaub substrate tshwj xeeb, uas yog yuav ntawm lub khw muag khoom vaj. Tom qab ntawd lub thawv yog muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees, qhov kub thiab txias tsis tshaj +4 … +5 ° C. Ib xyoos tom qab, stratified yew noob yog cog rau hauv ib lub tsev xog paj,tom qab ntawd qhov chaw tsaws yog mulched nrog koob. Muab hais tias tag nrho cov txheej txheem tau ua kom raug, kwv yees li 70% ntawm cov noob yuav sprout nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav.
YPropagation by cuttings
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum cog yew siv cuttings txij thaum pib ntawm lub Plaub Hlis mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Tsib Hlis los yog thaum pib ntawm lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj mus rau lub thib peb xyoo caum ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj. Cov ceg ntoo ntawm cov neeg laus noj qab nyob zoo yog txiav thiab yaj rau hauv cov txiav 15 mus rau 20 cm ntev, peb mus rau plaub tua tau tso rau ntawm txhua qhov txiav.
Peev Xwm rau cog cuttings yog sau nrog sib tov ntawm peat, xuab zeb thiab crushed coniferous bark. Cov koob raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cuttings, ces lawv yog cog nyob rau hauv npaj cog ntim, uas tus ambassadors ntawm no hloov mus rau lub tsev xog paj rau lub caij ntuj no.
Txhawm rau kom cov cuttings coj hauv paus zoo thiab pib lawv txoj kev loj hlob, lawv yuav tsum tau kho nrog kev loj hlob stimulants. Tom qab cuttings tau loj hlob thiab tau txais lub zog, nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lawv tuaj yeem cog rau hauv av qhib, saib xyuas cov xwm txheej agrotechnical. Tom qab tsib mus rau xya xyoo, cov nroj tsuag uas tau cog qoob loo tag nrho lossis cov ntoo yuav loj tuaj, tab sis yog tias cov noob muaj ntau dhau hauv tsev cog khoom, cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob tuaj yeem txo qis, ncua sijhawm li ob xyoos.
Yew pests thiab yuav ua li cas nrog lawv
Cov yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb ntawm yew yog cov hu ua nqus thiab koob noj kab. Nqus kab muaj xws li:
- Vim.
- Shields.
- daim thaiv cuav.
- Cicadas.
- Aphid.
- Bug.
- Nkauj hmoob.
Cov kab no noj cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas ua rau muaj kev tsim txom ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab feem ntau mus rau nws txoj kev tuag. Kab muaj nyob rau ntawm ceg ntawm yew, qee zaum hauv nws cov ntaub so ntswg thiab maj mam ua kom puas.
kab kab noj koob muaj xws li:
- Spruce Needleworm
- Pine Scoop.
- Larvae of centipede yoov tshaj cum.
- Snails.
Lawv rhuav tshem cov koob lawv tus kheej, tawg paj thiab hauv paus system.
Txhua tus kab mob no yuav tsum tau ua raws sijhawm kom lawv tsis tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov nroj tsuag. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum xub tshem cov kab los ntawm lub cev thiab cov ceg nrog txhuam los yog rab riam, thiab tom qab ntawd kho tag nrho cov nroj tsuag thiab cov av nyob ib puag ncig nws nrog kev npaj tshuaj tua kab.
Zaj lus
Los ntawm cov lus piav qhia saum toj no ntawm yew txiv hmab txiv ntoo, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias nws yog unpretentious hauv kev saib xyuas thiab yooj yim heev hauv kev tsim toj roob hauv pes. Ua raws li cov lus pom zoo yooj yim thiab cov lus qhia ntawm cov neeg ua teb ntawm kev cog thiab loj hlob, koj tuaj yeem xaus nrog tsob ntoo zoo nkauj lossis tsob ntoo. Nws yuav zoo siab nrog nws txoj kev zoo nkauj txhua xyoo puag ncig ntev heev.
