Kev tsim kho ntawm ib lub tsev pib nrog kev txhim kho ntawm lub hauv paus ruaj khov. Tab sis ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau tsim ib tug formwork, uas koj muaj peev xwm muab lub hauv paus rau lub hom phiaj xav tau. Cov qauv hais yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev. Yuav kom tsim tau lub formwork ntawm lub hauv paus kom zoo, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia uas yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv cov khoom no. Cov qauv tsim yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ntau ntxiv.
Formwork los ua ke tej yam kev mob
Yav dhau los, cov qauv tau sib sau ua ke siv ntoo, tab sis tam sim no cov khoom siv polymer siab kuj tseem siv. Formwork yog tsim los ua cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
- tsim daim ntawv xav tau uas cov kev daws teeb meem yuav ruaj khov;
- cais lub tsev ntawm av.
Kev siv tshuab ntawm cov qauv pib nrog kev npaj cov av. Qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum tau tsim ua ntej yuav tsum tau cim nrog ib tug nylon xov thiab ntoo pegs. Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias thaj chaw tau tshem tawm cov khib nyiab. Lub formwork yog ua los ntawm ntoo panels los yoglwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias sab hauv ntawm cov qauv yog tsis muaj kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv hauv tsev yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag.
Cov qauv tsim nyog rau lub hauv paus yog ib qho qauv uas tus kheej cov ntsiab lus txuas nrog rau ib leeg, txij li kev ntseeg tau thiab kav ntev ntawm lub hauv paus nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej no. Yog tias qhov kev xav tau no tsis quav ntsej, ces cov pob zeb yuav tawg hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Kev nruj ntawm cov qauv yog lwm yam kev mob uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tau txais lub hauv paus txhim khu kev qha.
Formwork: ntau yam
Muaj ob hom kev tsim kho: tshem tau thiab tsis tshem tau. Cov neeg tsim kho pom zoo kom kawm qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm txhua qhov kev xaiv txhawm rau txhawm rau txheeb xyuas seb qhov twg yuav tsim rau lub hauv paus. Cov ntau yam no yuav tsum tau kawm kom ntxaws ntxiv.
- Tshem tawm formwork yog dismantled tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus. Qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv muaj txiaj ntsig: cov khoom siv hauv tsev tuaj yeem siv dua. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub hauv paus formwork board yog feem ntau siv.
- Cov qauv ruaj khov yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymeric (piv txwv li, ntoo pob zeb lossis polystyrene pob zeb). Masters qhia kev tsim cov qauv no yog tias koj xav tsim kom muaj cov qauv loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus qauv tsim, ua haujlwm ntawm cov cua sov-insulating, yuav tiv thaiv lub hauv paus pob zeb los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Nws raug nquahu kom npaj cov ntoo formwork ntawm daim ntawv tsis tshem tawm yog tias tsim nyog los tsim lub hauv paus nqaim thiab ntiav. Qee lub sij hawm ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke yog tsim, uas cov neeg tsim kho qhia kom siv thaum tsim ib qho khoom ntawm cov av xoob. Formwork ntawm hom no muaj txheej txheej sab nrauv thiab sab hauv. Raws li txoj cai, cov laug cam yog siv los tsim cov qauv sab nraud, thiab cov pob zeb polystyrene yog siv rau sab hauv.
cov ntaub ntawv formwork
Qhov loj thiab hom ntawm lub hauv paus yog cov txheej txheem uas cuam tshuam rau hom kev tsim kho tau hais. Cov neeg tsim khoom siv cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no los tsim formwork:
- metal;
- styrofoam;
- reinforced concrete;
- tree.
Yog tias lub tsev yuav ua rau ntawm ib lub strip lossis monolithic foundation, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov khoom siv hlau rau lub koom haum. Yuav kom tau txais cov qauv muaj zog, qhov no, qee zaum steel reinforcement yog welded rau hlau formwork panels. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev yuav ruaj khov yog tias siv qhov cuab yeej cuab tam rau nws. Versatility yog lwm qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau formwork, vim cov duab ntawm cov nplooj ntawv hlau tuaj yeem hloov pauv, tab sis kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo - tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom hlau.
Expanded polystyrene yog cov khoom siv paub zoo thiab kim nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv ruaj khov. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom lag luam muaj cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev siab, tab sis qee zaum muaj teeb meem hauv kev xaiv ntawm tus kheej cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov qauv.
Cov pob zeb tsis tshua muaj siv rau kev tsim vaj tsev ntiag tug, vim qhov no koj yuav tau them nyiaj ntau rauua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsim kom muaj cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog ntawm koj tus kheej yog ib txoj haujlwm hnyav. Cov qauv ntawm cov khoom hais yog sib sau ua ke los ntawm slabs.
ntoo formwork: qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Cov qauv ntawm cov laug cam yog tsim feem ntau. Qhov no tsis yog xav tsis thoob, txij li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntoo formwork tsis siv sijhawm ntau. Yog tias koj xav tau tsim cov qauv pheej yig, tom qab ntawd rau kev ua haujlwm nws raug pom zoo kom yuav cov ntawv plywood, uas yuav tsum tau muab khi rau spacers ua los ntawm cov laug cam.
Muaj thiab tus nqi qis yog qhov zoo ntawm cov ntoo formwork, uas kuj yooj yim rau nruab. Hauv qhov no, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ua raws li cov lus qhia kom meej thiab yuav cov khoom tsim nyog, thiab cov cuab yeej koj xav tau yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws: rauj, daim kab xev ntsuas, ntswj ntsia hlau thiab qib tsev.
Ntoo formwork rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev muaj qee qhov tsis zoo, vim hais tias rau nws cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau siv cov ntsiab lus ntxiv los ntxiv dag zog rau cov qauv. Qhov kev xav tau no tshwm sim vim qhov sib txawv ntawm txhua qhov chaw, yog li cov neeg tsim khoom pom zoo kom koj ua ntej suav cov ntaub ntawv raug.
Handmade formwork
Cov qauv tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov slate tiaj tus, qhov rooj, rooj tog qub thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Pheej yig yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub hauv paus formwork. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav muaj teeb meem heev los tsim cov qauv kom raug, txij li koj yuav tau ua tib zoo xaivxav tau qhov chaw.
Koj yuav tsum paub: qhov kev xaiv no tsis raug tso cai siv rau hauv kev tsim lub hauv paus pob zeb rau cov chaw nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub formwork yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas nws yog kiag li airtight, thiab nws yuav nyuaj rau ua kom tiav no mob los ntawm improvised cov ntaub ntawv. Hauv qhov no, kev txhawb nqa tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau teeb tsa kom tau txais cov qauv ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha
Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov studs tshwj xeeb kom nruj cov phab ntsa formwork.
Laminated plywood: cov khoom nta
Cov khoom hais yog cov khoom lag luam uas cov neeg tsim khoom pom zoo siv thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem formwork. Qhov no yog plywood-resistant plywood nrog kev ua haujlwm siab. Cov khoom siv yuav nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov qauv, thiab nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv cov laug cam los ntawm ya raws.
Daim ntawv thickness tsawg kawg yog 3 hli thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws thickness yog 40 hli. Vim lawv qhov hnyav, plywood panels yuav yooj yim txav thiab txuas nrog lwm yam formwork.
ntoo formwork: cov khoom xav tau
Thaum pib, yuav tsum tau npaj qhov chaw ntawm thaj chaw uas lub tsev yuav raug tsim tsa. Thiab tom qab ntawd yuav cov khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej tsim nyog. Txhawm rau tsim ib qho formwork rau lub hauv paus, koj yuav xav tau cov khoom tsim hauv qab no:
- planed bars 100 x 50mm;
- txiav cov laug cam, qhov dav ntawm qhov yuav tsum yog los ntawm 100 txog 150 hli, thiab lub thickness - 25-30 hli;
- ceg ntoo;
- laminated plywood 125 x 250 x 1.5 cm;
- ntsia hlau lossis ntsia hlau;
- theem tsev;
- xov los yog kapron xov;
- polyethylene zaj duab xis.
Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub hauv paus yav tom ntej. Qhov siab ntawm formwork yuav tsum tau nqa tawm kom nws qib yog 5 cm saum toj no lub plinth.
Quick installation ntawm ntoo formwork: kauj ruam yog kauj ruam cov lus qhia
Ua ntej, koj yuav tsum ua cov ntaub thaiv npog los ntawm cov plywood-resistant plywood (laminated), vim tias cov khoom tsim yuav tsum tsis txhob nqus dej: qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem hardening ntawm lub pob zeb mortar. Sab nrauv yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog nrog lub nqaj, qhov ntev ntawm 100 x 50 mm, siv cov ntsia hlau lossis ntsia hlau.
Cov formwork yuav muaj zog yog tias nws kho nrog cov ceg txheem ntseeg, uas yuav tsum tau nruab txhua 70-100 cm. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub hauv paus mus rau cov ntoo yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1 m.
Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog muab cov plywood npaj rau ntawm cov npoo ntawm lub trench, thiab tom qab ntawd txuas lawv nrog cov jumpers tshwj xeeb nrog cov ceg ntoo. Ua ntej qhov kawg installation ntawm formwork rau lub hauv paus, lub laj kab yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas verticality, thiab rau qhov no nws yog tsim nyog los siv lub tsev theem. Tom ntej no, nws yuav tsim nyog los kho cov formwork rau kev txiav thiab npog sab hauv ntawm cov qauv nrog ib zaj duab xis.
theem kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog kev teeb tsa ntawm daim phiaj txhawb nqa thiab nchuav pob zeb. Masters pom zoo kom khoov cov ntawv plywood yog tias koj npaj tsim lub hauv paus nrog cov ntu sib npaug.
Thaum twg thiaj li tshem tawm cov qauv ntawm lub hauv paus?
Yog tias cov qauv tshem tawm tau raug teeb tsa, ces txawm li cas los xij, sai lossis tom qab nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Raws li txoj cai, lub pob zeb mortar ua tiav tom qab 28 hnub, tab sis daim duab no nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom tsis txhob maj mus rhuav tshem cov qauv, vim nws yuav tsum tau tos kom txog thaum lub pob zeb nce 50-70% lub zog.
Yog tias cov lus nug tshwm sim ntev npaum li cas kom tshem tawm cov formwork los ntawm lub hauv paus, ces cov kev txwv hauv qab no yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account:
- Yog tias huab cua sov txog 30-35 ° C, ces tus qauv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tom qab 2 hnub.
- Cov formwork tau tsim ntawm 20-25 ° C - yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tom qab 3-4 hnub.
- Yog tias qhov kub nce mus txog 10-15 ° C, cov kws tshaj lij yuav rhuav tshem cov qauv rau 5-7 hnub.
- Cov formwork raug tshem tawm tom qab 10 hnub yog tias lub hauv paus tau tsim ntawm qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub ntawm 5 ° C.
Yog tias lub hauv paus pob zeb tsim los ntawm qhov kub qis (los ntawm 0 txog +10 ° C), ces cov qauv hais yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tom qab 15-20 hnub. Qhov ntsuas no tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm huab cua av noo - cov neeg tsim kho qhia kom ua haujlwm ntawm kev nchuav lub hauv paus hauv huab cua qhuav thiab sov.
Strip foundation: formwork tsim
Txhawm rau npaj lub hauv paus qhia, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum khawb ib lub trench. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog kev yuav cov ntoo tuav thiab edged boards. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev rau txhua qhov project yuav txawv. Masters pom zoo yuav cov laug cam nrog qee cov npoo kom koj tsis tas yuavntxiv rau kom tau lawv twb nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim nws tus kheej.
Ua ntej koj tsim cov formwork rau lub hauv paus sawb nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum xyuas qhov zoo ntawm trench: nws yuav tsum qhuav thiab tsis xoob. Yog li ntawd, txoj haujlwm tau hais tseg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thaum huab cua qhuav. Lub formwork yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub thawv, uas yuav tsum tau ntsia thoob plaws hauv lub trench. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias tus qauv tsim yog airtight, yog li nws pom zoo kom sheathe cov laug cam nrog cov khoom siv vov tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub formwork yuav tsum muaj zog thiab nruj, txij li thaum lub poured qhob tov yuav xav tau rau ntawm nws phab ntsa. Cov neeg tsim kho pom zoo kom ceev cov qauv nrog jumpers, uas yuav tsum tau nruab txhua 2 meters.
Yog tias nws tau npaj los tsim cov ntawv tshem tawm, ces tus tsim yuav tsum tau ua kom cov ntoo tsis puas thaum lub sijhawm dismantling.
pob zeb tsis muaj formwork
Yog tias nws tau npaj ua lub hauv paus hauv tsev, ces lub hauv paus zoo li no tsis haum rau kev tsim khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam txias, tsim lub hauv paus tsis muaj formwork yog ib qho kev pheej hmoo thiab irrational ce. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tsim no muaj nws qhov zoo, xws li:
- txo nqi ntawm kev tsim kho lub hauv paus;
- txo lub sijhawm tsim tsev;
- txo nqi zog.
Txhawm rau npaj lub hauv paus yam tsis muaj daim ntawv, koj yuav tsum ua cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
- Khawb ib lub trench, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov ntev qhia hauv cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm.
- Npog sab nrauv nrog polyethylenemovie.
- Tau hauv qab ntawm trench nrog ib txheej ntawm 10 cm.
- Txhim kho cov qauv hauv qab thiab sab saud nrog steel reinforcement.
- Pob qhob mix.
hom cement yuav tsum yog M300 lossis siab dua. Piv txwv li, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo siv M400 los tsim lub hauv paus ruaj khov.
In xaus
Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj los ua formwork rau lub hauv paus yog tias koj kawm paub meej cov ntaub ntawv muab rau hauv cov khoom, thiab tseem mloog cov lus pom zoo los ntawm cov kws tsim khoom. Rau kev tsim cov vaj tse me me, cov qauv feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo, yog li nws yog cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim formwork los ntawm cov laug cam uas tau tham txog ntau yam hauv kab lus.
