Kev tsim kho 2024, Tej zaum

Txhua tus xav kom qhov chaw so zaum kawg ntawm tus neeg hlub kom huv thiab zoo nkauj. Tso paving slabs rau ntawm qhov ntxa yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo rau qhov teeb meem no. Tsis ntev tas los no, xws li ennoblement yog tsawg heev, feem ntau cov neeg muaj nyiaj muaj peev xwm them taus nws. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv, thiab ntau tus neeg siv cov vuas thaum npaj qhov ntxa

Peb txhua tus paub zoo kawg nkaus tias ua ntej txhim kho lub tsev ntawm txhua lub hom phiaj, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntej ua lub hauv paus ruaj khov. Thiab rau qhov no, ntxiv rau qhov sib xyaw ua ke, koj kuj yuav xav tau kev txhawb zog ntxiv. Vim yog cov pas nrig, lub zog ntawm tag nrho lub hauv paus yog ua tiav ntawm qib tsim nyog. Tab sis ntau npaum li cas kev txhawb nqa ib 1 m3 ntawm pob zeb yuav tsum yog? Ib lo lus nug tsim nyog xav txog

Thaum yuav tsev, tib neeg feem ntau ntiav cov kws tshaj lij los qhia txog kev tsim vaj tsev niaj hnub. Lub tswv yim no suav nrog txoj hauv kev tsis yog tus qauv ntawm ib feem ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse rau qhov project. Qhov kev teeb tsa yuav tsum yog qhov txawv txav, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm vaj tse los ua ntej. Yuav kom ua ib qhov project nyob rau hauv ib tug niaj hnub style, koj yuav tsum tau siv qhov tseeb technology. Feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm yog ua tiav ntawm lub computer. Qhov tshwm sim yog lub tsev zoo meej

Lub tsev tsib-wall yog suav tias yog ib qho kev vam meej tshaj plaws ntawm kev npaj cov tsev nyob rau ntau pua xyoo. Lub tsev zoo li no tau ua kom loj thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob tsev neeg. Qhov no tau suav hais tias tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv cov hnub qub - nws tsis tsim nyog siv nyiaj los tsim lwm lub tsev thiab tib lub sijhawm nws muaj peev xwm muab vaj tse cais rau tus tub sib yuav

Yav dhau los tsis ntev los no, cov kev xav tau rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv tau muaj siab ntseeg ntau dua, thiab cov npe tau suav tias yog qhov pom kev sib luag ntawm cov dav hlau. Vim li no, qhov chaw nyob tau txais, uas tsis tau pom kev kho dua tshiab rau 25 xyoo, tsis tshua muaj raws li cov qauv niaj hnub no. Tom qab tag nrho, niaj hnub no lub dav hlau ntawm qab nthab, pem teb thiab phab ntsa tom qab kho yuav tsum sib haum mus rau linear yam ntxwv

Keeb Kwm thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim tsev siv cov khoom thaiv. Cinder block manufacturing technology, nrog rau lub ntsiab zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv no. Kev tsim ua npuas ncauj thaiv, qhov zoo thiab cov teeb meem ntawm nws siv. Cov yam ntxwv sib piv ntawm cov khoom thaiv

Lub qab nthab: yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm lub qab nthab, kev teeb tsa nta. Hom stretch ceilings thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv txawv. Cov lus pom zoo txog kev ua haujlwm, xaiv cov qauv rau cov neeg siv khoom

Yog tias koj xav tau txhim kho lub laj kab zoo thiab pheej yig hauv lub tsev hauv lub tebchaws lossis thaj chaw ntiag tug, kev tsim kho corrugated yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj. Koj tuaj yeem tsim nws tus kheej. Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum xav txog cov lus qhia ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Yuav ua li cas los tsim ib lub laj kab los ntawm corrugated board nrog koj tus kheej tes yuav tau tham nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm

Cov kab lus piav qhia cov txheej txheem yuav ua li cas sai thiab ua tau zoo txhim kho thaj chaw txuas ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis txaus los tsim cov khoom no, vim nws tseem yuav tsum tau sau npe kom tsis txhob them nyiaj nplua rau kev tsim kho tsis raug cai. Yog tias koj ua tib zoo kawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tau muab hauv tsab xov xwm, yuav tsum tsis muaj teeb meem nrog kev cai lij choj ntawm thaj chaw

Kev ua kom zoo tuaj yeem hu ua qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim kho niaj hnub. Nws manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv txhua yam - los ntawm kev txo cov ntim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lub exclusion ntawm loj-scale ua hauj lwm muaj feem xyuam rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, cov nqi rau kev siv ntawm qhov chaw raug txo, thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov qauv raug tswj xyuas nyob rau theem tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm cov qauv. Feem ntau kom meej meej, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev ua kom zoo yog tshwm sim hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev t

Lub rafter yog ib feem ntawm lub ru tsev txhawb nqa uas tsis yog siv rau hauv ib daim ntawv, tab sis yog siv los ua cov qauv truss. Qhov no muaj xws li ntsug racks, inclined rafter ob txhais ceg thiab inclined struts

Kev tsim tsev xaus nrog kev tsim lub ru tsev. Lub rafter ceg yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov system. Yuav ua li cas xam thiab mount nws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ua ntej ua haujlwm

Yuav ua li cas thiaj tsim tau ib lub tsev qis thiab txuag cov khoom thiab nqi? Xaiv beam ceilings thaum tsim kho. Lawv feem ntau pheej yig dua, thiab lawv cov khoom xa tuaj thiab kev teeb tsa yuav tsis yog qhov loj heev. Pem teb beams ua tau ob peb lub zog, tab sis, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lawv ua raws li ib tug stiffening diaphragm nyob rau hauv lub kab rov tav seem ntawm lub tsev, yog li xyuas kom meej nws lub zog thiab stability

Bar hauv kev tsim vaj tsev thiab kev sib dhos ntawm ntau hom qauv siv ntau zaus. Cov khoom siv kuj tseem pheej yig thiab tib lub sijhawm yooj yim rau nruab. Txoj kev hla ntawm lub nqaj, yog tias koj xav tsim lub tsev, mount lub gazebo lossis truss beam system, koj yuav tsum xaiv ua raws li qee cov qauv

Kev ntseeg tau ntawm tag nrho lub ru tsev yog nyob ntawm lub zog thiab ruaj khov ntawm kev txhawb nqa truss thiab hauv qab-rafter qauv. Nws raug rau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm ntau yam sab nraud loads

Ru tsev slopes ua tsis tau tsuas yog kev tiv thaiv cov kabmob, tab sis kuj muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev tsim cov duab vaj tsev thiab tsim cov duab ntawm lub tsev. Rau qhov loj, qhov pom kev hloov kho ntawm cov proportions ntawm lub ru tsev yuav nyob ntawm seb tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub overhang. Qhov no yog ib chav tsev cornice, qhov dav thiab txoj hauj lwm uas hais txog cov ciam teb ntawm lub ru tsev slopes. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tsim ntawm lub caij no tuaj yeem ua cov haujlwm ua haujlwm

Kev tsim lub cav cabin tsis yooj yim, tab sis cov txheej txheem yog qhov zoo siab heev. Nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm peb yuav sim muab cov ntaub ntawv tiav txog kev tsim vaj tsev ntoo. Kev tsim cov cav cabins los ntawm ib lub bar yog nrov heev niaj hnub no. Ua ntej, cov tsev zoo li no yog ib puag ncig zoo. Qhov thib ob, nws yooj yim dua los ua haujlwm nrog lawv, kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus peev tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua. Thiab qhov no txo qis tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm

Aerated concretes yog cov khoom siv pob zeb ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog, muaj cov ntawv khi thiab muaj ntau lub hlwb uas sib npaug hauv. Tam sim no muaj ntau hom

Rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov phab ntsa raws li cov qauv qub - los ntawm sab hauv lub tsev - xyuas kom muaj cov choj txias. Lawv cuam tshuam qhov thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub tsev, microclimate thiab degree ntawm cov av noo hauv chav. Tam sim no nws yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua thaum tsim lub tsev kom insulate tag nrho cov phab ntsa tshwj xeeb los ntawm sab hauv. Txoj kev no tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov phab ntsa, vim li ntawd, cov txuas hniav txias yuav tsis tsim

Thaum kev tsim kho, cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum daws ntau yam teeb meem tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov pom dav dav ntawm cov phab ntsa yam tsis muaj thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv

Ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev tam sim no ntau rau kev tsim kho ntawm ob lub tsev loj thiab cov tsev me me, Kuv xav tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov pob zeb aerated. Kev tshuaj xyuas txog cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau yog qhov zoo heev. Nws yog yooj yim, tswv yim thiab kuj pheej yig

Nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, nws yog qhov zoo siab tiag tiag los kho thiab txhim kho lub tsev thiab thaj chaw ib puag ncig. Ntau yam ntawm ntau yam khoom, kev tsim kho tshiab hauv kev tsim kho thiab tsim, thiab lwm yam zoo ua rau txoj haujlwm no yooj yim dua. Kev vam meej tsis tau hla lub ru tsev, tsim cov qhov rais hauv qab thiab chimneys

Thaum tib neeg yuav tsev tshiab, lawv yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb cov khoom siv ntawm qhov rais slopes yuav ua li cas. Cov khoom siv rau lawv yuav tsum haum rau sab hauv tsev. Yog hais tias lub tsev yog ua los ntawm ntoo, ces ntoo slopes yog haum rau nws. Rau vaj tse ua los ntawm cib los yog blocks, kev xaiv yas yog haum

Sandpaper tseem hu ua sandpaper. Cov khoom siv abrasive ntawm ntau yam grits yog ntaub los yog ntawv, uas yog siv rau ib txheej tshwj xeeb abrasive hmoov. Sandpaper yog siv ob qho tib si hauv "phau ntawv" hom thiab hauv tshuab hom, rau kev ua haujlwm (ntxuav) ntau qhov chaw, uas yog tom qab primed, sanded, pleev xim rau, varnished, thiab lwm yam

Cov qauv tsim ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev tau txiav txim siab nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim kho qhov project. Tom qab ntawd xaiv cov khoom siv vov tsev tsim nyog. Kev tsim ntawm lub ru tsev thiab nws txoj kab nqes yog nyob ntawm qhov kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau cov kev xav tau ntawm architectural rau lub tsev thiab qib ntawm nws cov solidity

Lub ru tsev yog ua rau theem kawg thiab yog theem kawg ntawm kev tsim tsev. Yuav tsim thiab tsim kom raug li cas?

Cov txheej txheem ru tsev tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm seb cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev lossis cov duab kos duab. Nws yog conditionally muaj peev xwm faib tag nrho cov ru tsev rau hauv 2 pawg loj heev. Thawj suav nrog tag nrho cov ru tsev tiaj tus, thiab qhov thib ob - pitched

Txhua ntau pua xyoo ntawm kev tsim lub tsev, ntau lub tsev tsim qauv tau tsim rau cov tsev sib txawv thiab cov tsev sib txawv. Txhua tus qauv ru tsev muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim kho. Pib kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm ntau yam ntawm lub ru tsev, peb yuav mus los ntawm qhov yooj yim mus rau complex, vim hais tias lub ru tsev yooj yim ntawm tag nrho cov ntau yam yog ib tug shed qauv, uas muaj ib tug yooj yim truss thav duab qauv

Shed ru - lub ru tsev ntawm qhov yooj yim thiab pheej yig tshaj plaws tsim. Nws lub cuab yeej tsis yooj yim. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub ru tsev zoo li no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv vov tsev niaj hnub thiab niaj hnub

Cov neeg nyob hauv tsev yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb npaum li cas yog nyob ntawm qhov kev xaiv ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub ru tsev. Nws yuav tsum ua tiav tiv taus nag, daus thiab lawg, cua daj cua dub, nyab xeeb hloov dej thiab daus huab cua. Yog li ntawd, txawm nyob rau theem tsim ntawm lub tsev rau lub ru tsev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xam

Lub khw niaj hnub muaj ntau yam khoom siv suab nrov uas tuaj yeem siv los thaiv phab ntsa, pem teb, qab nthab. Yuav xaiv dab tsi thiab yuav xav txog dab tsi thaum xaiv?

Lub nroog niaj hnub no tau noj los ntawm lub suab nrov. Nws cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev xav ntawm tus neeg. Rau lawv tus kheej kev tiv thaiv, tib neeg siv suab nrov rwb thaiv tsev thiab lub suab nqus. Hauv tsab xov xwm, peb yuav xav txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nqus suab thiab cov hom thiab hom khoom siv rau nws

Foundation yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev lossis cov qauv. Nws yog los ntawm nws hais tias lub durability thiab zoo ntawm kiag li txhua lub tsev yuav nyob ntawm seb. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom suav cov ntim ntawm cov av ua haujlwm kom raug kom tsis muaj teeb meem yav tom ntej. Feem ntau qhov no yog ua los ntawm cov neeg uas tau txais kev paub tsim nyog hauv tsev kawm qib siab lossis tsev kawm qib siab, uas muaj daim ntawv pov thawj tshwj xeeb thiab kev paub dhau los. Tab sis txhua tus neeg uas nug cov lus nug: "Yuav ua li cas xam cov nyiaj hauv av?" tuaj yeem txiav txim siab

Lub teb chaws txoj kev yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm lub teb chaws lub tsev, uas txhua tus tswv tsev tuaj yeem tsim tau yooj yim. Qhov kev kho kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj no rau cov toj roob hauv pes ua rau thaj chaw nrog kev nplij siab thiab tshiab. Qhov kev npaj ntawm xws li lem yog incredibly yooj yim. Cov pobzeb tau muab tso rau hauv ob peb theem. Cov txheej txheem yog nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim txawm rau cov neeg uas tsis paub dab tsi txog kev tsim ua hauj lwm

Feem ntau cov tswv ntawm thaj chaw hauv nroog nyiam siv cov khoom siv dov lossis bituminous waterproofing los tiv thaiv lub ru tsev, hauv paus, hauv qab daus, hauv pem teb ntawm lub tsev. Cov ntau yam no tsis kim heev thiab yooj yim rau nruab

Ib tsab xov xwm qhia txog dab tsi mortars yog dab tsi, lawv yog dab tsi, lawv siv qhov twg

Dab tsi yog xim resistant? Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov xim kub kub. Dab tsi koj yuav tsum paub thaum xaiv cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish? Kev npaj rau kev ua hauj lwm, cov txheej txheem pleev xim rau, cov khoom siv. Kev nyab xeeb thaum ua haujlwm

Vim nws qhov tshwj xeeb, muaj ntau daim duab kos thiab kos duab hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam. Tus kws tshaj lij engineers yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog nyeem cov duab kos nrog kev ntseeg siab, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem kos lawv. Txij li thaum muaj ntau cov lus qhia hauv kev siv tshuab, txhua tus qauv muaj nws tus kheej nuances, nws tau txiav txim siab los ua tus qauv rau kev tsim cov duab kos thiab kos duab

Gypsum board nplooj ntawv yog cov khoom siv nrov tshaj plaws siv hauv kev kho dua tshiab. Partitions yog sheathed nrog lawv, phab ntsa yog leveled, multi-level ceilings, niches thiab thawv rau cov kav dej yog tsim nrog lawv cov kev pab. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom lag luam gypsum tsis poob lawv qhov zoo li qub rau lub sijhawm ntev, cov seams ntawm cov nplooj ntawv yog glued nrog cov ntaub nplaum ntxiv. Yog xav paub ntxiv txog yuav ua li cas rau cov nplaum nplaum ntawm phab ntsa ntub dej, nyeem peb tsab xov xwm

Kev piav qhia ntawm hom lintels ua los ntawm cov pob zeb uas muaj zog thiab cov pob zeb ntawm tes. Kev faib tawm ntawm lub tsev lintels, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv cellular pob zeb lintels, kev qhia meej ntawm cov cim thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab kev cia khoom