Kev tsim kho 2024, Kaum ib hlis

Kev tsim kho yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm tsim khoom, thiab ua tau raws li kev ua tau zoo. Rau qhov no, PPR tau tsim, nrog kev pab los ntawm qhov kev npaj rau kev tsim yav tom ntej, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv, cov nqi, kev ua haujlwm, thiab cov cuab yeej raug txiav txim siab. Cov kev xav tau rau PPR hauv kev tsim vaj tsev yog tsim los ntawm SNiP 3.01.01-85, thiab kev tsim kho ntawm PPR hauv kev tsim kho muab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshaj lij uas tsim nyog nkaus xwb

Thaum kev tsim kho, cov lus nug feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm pes tsawg square meters nyob rau hauv ib lub voos xwmfab. Qhov no siv rau ntau yam ntaub ntawv uas, nyob rau hauv lawv tsis, muaj peb qhov taw qhia: ntev, dav, qhov siab. Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas raws qhov ntsuas qhov ntev, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv metric ntawm ib chav tsev ntawm cov khoom. Rau qhov no, qhov ntev, dav, qhov siab yog ntsuas, thiab rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev xam, cov ntsuas tau hloov mus rau hauv meters. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias sab loj yog 25 cm, ces tus txhais lus yuav yog 0.25 m

Ib lub tsev corrugated nyob ib sab ntawm lub tsev yuav dhau los ua qhov chaw xis nyob uas yuav tiv thaiv los nag thiab txuag ntawm tshav kub kub. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ua kom muaj kev kos duab ntawm lub ru tsev los ntawm corrugated board ua ntej, xam cov load, tsim nta, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub sheathing los yog siv lwm yam decorations los muab ib tug tsos, thiab thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm, tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov kev cai dav dav rau kev tuav. cov khoom ntoo thiab hlau thiab ua raws li cov cai tswj kev nyab xeeb

Yuav kom kev tsim kho kom tau txais kev txiav txim siab txog nyiaj txiag, nws yuav tsum paub ntau npaum li cas ib lub meter ntawm rebar-12 hnyav. Txoj kab uas hla no yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws thaum tsim cov qauv tsim ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev. Paub txog ntau npaum li cas rebar-12 nyob rau hauv ib tuj, nws muaj peev xwm xam qhov xav tau kev thauj mus los thiab nws hom, yog li tsis txhob siv nyiaj ntau ntawm kev thauj mus los

Hnub no nws nyuaj rau xav txog kev kho tshiab niaj hnub yam tsis siv phab ntsa ntub dej. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no tau ruaj khov tsim nws tus kheej hauv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom tiav. Nws yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm partitions, installation ntawm cuav ceilings thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm phab ntsa

Yam ntxwv ntawm technogenic av. Classification ntawm technogenic av. Engineering-geological thaj chaw ntawm av. Lub hom phiaj ntawm technogenic av. Kev tsim kho nrog kev siv technogenic av. Qhov twg bulk technogenic av siv

Kev kho kom zoo hauv thaj chaw - qhov no yog qhov uas txhua tus tswv ntawm qhov chaw npau suav ntawm no. Lub qab nthab yog qhov uas txhua tus neeg saib xyuas thaum lawv nkag mus hauv chav. Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog Armstrong cassette qab nthab thiab txhua yam ntsig txog qhov teeb meem no. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tam sim ntawd hais tias xws li lub qab nthab yog ib qho yooj yim, stylish thiab niaj hnub kev daws teeb meem, qhov kev xaiv yog haum rau ntau hom chav

Ob qho tib si thaum tsim lub tsev tshiab hauv lub tebchaws, thiab thaum kho cov tsev qub, nws tsim nyog muab dej haus. Thiab yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem txuas mus rau lub hauv paus dej hauv nruab nrab, ces qhov no nws yuav tsim nyog rau nruab ib lub kaw lus uas yuav muab dej rau ib lub tsev ntiag tug los ntawm lub qhov dej

Cov kab lus tshuaj xyuas kom meej tias yam khoom ntawm kev tsim kho hauv kev ua tiav yog dab tsi (kev txhais raws li kev cai ntawm txoj cai), nws yog dab tsi, dab tsi yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau lub tsev lossis cov qauv txiav txim siab li ntawd, thiab yuav ua li cas hloov ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm xws li "tsis tiav" yuav tshwm sim. Ib daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv xav tau los ua kom tiav kev sib pauv nrog cov khoom zoo sib xws tau muab

Tsim lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes yog qhov nthuav, zoo siab, tab sis tsis yog txoj haujlwm yooj yim uas yuav tsum muaj kev tsim tshwj xeeb, kev teeb tsa thiab kev ua tiav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom suav cov load ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev kom tsis txhob deformation thiab tawg ntawm lub tsev hais

Yog tias koj tab tom npaj tsim vaj tsev ntawm koj tus kheej qhov project, peb tsab xov xwm yuav pab koj. Kev npaj ntawm ib lub tsev ntiag tug yog ib txoj hauj lwm zoo siab vim nws yog lub luag haujlwm. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab ntau yam ntawm txhua yam - qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw, tso cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tsim cov kev daws teeb meem hais txog sab hauv, thiab ntau ntau ntawm txhua yam. yam me me

Styrofoam granules tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam hauv kev tsim kho. Lawv tsis yog qhov qis dua hauv lawv cov yam ntxwv rau lwm hom cua sov, thaum lawv txawv ntawm tus nqi qis thiab kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig. Lawv qhov loj tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 8 mus rau 2 hli. Cov granules muaj tus qauv tuab muaj cov huab cua, vim lawv tau txais qib qis ntawm thermal conductivity thiab dej nqus

Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no tshwm sim hauv txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg. "Smart" systems thiab cov kev pab cuam tuaj rau kev cawm nyob rau hauv accounting thiab nyiaj txiag, tshuaj thiab pedagogy, advertising thiab xinesmas, ua noj ua haus thiab luam, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis hauv kev tsim kho kuj tau coj cov kev hloov pauv zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tsim kho thiab cov kws tsim vaj tsev

Hauv kev tsim kho niaj hnub no, cov kab hlau feem ntau siv, uas yog kev txhawb nqa rau sab nraud thiab sab hauv ntawm lub tsev. Koj tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj lawv, vim lawv tsim ib qho kev txhawb nqa. Cov qauv hlau siv ntau zaus, vim tias lawv txawv ntawm lub zog siab thiab yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa. Qee tus neeg tsim qauv siv lawv los ua cov khoom zoo nkauj ntawm cov tsev lossis ib chav

Kev tsim kho ntawm qee lub tsev tsis nyob hauv tsev lossis laj kab yog qee yam uas yuav luag txhua tus tswv ntawm lub tebchaws lossis lub tsev ntiag tug hauv nroog ntsib. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv kim heev, thiab nws yuav kim heev los tsim lub tsev loj los ntawm lawv. Ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj tawm hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no yuav yog kev lag luam slab

Gypsum self-leveling pem teb yog lub tsev qhuav sib xyaw, uas, ntxiv rau cov khoom siv hauv paus, suav nrog quartz xuab zeb thiab tshwj xeeb plasticizing additives uas ua rau kom cov plasticity ntawm cov tshuaj. Cov txheej tiav lawm muaj kev kho siab ceev. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ua kom tiav tag nrho cov pouring ua hauj lwm kom lub hauv pem teb khaws nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua tau zoo rau lub sij hawm ntev

Ib qho ntawm cov theem tseem ceeb thiab siv sijhawm ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm lub tsev yog plastering ntawm phab ntsa. Cov txheej txheem no yuav siv sij hawm ntev heev, thiab yog tias cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm, cov nqi kho yuav nce 2 zaug, uas yog deb ntawm ib txwm txais. Hmoov zoo, kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis tsis nyob twj ywm, thiab niaj hnub no mechanized phab ntsa plastering muaj rau peb. Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, nrog rau kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm, peb yuav xav txog hauv kab lus no

Pobzeb qhov rais sills feem ntau yog ua nyob rau hauv chav ua noj, vim hais tias ntawm no qhov chaw ntxiv no kuj yog siv los tso tais diav, khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab npaj cov nroj tsuag sab hauv tsev. Lub qhov rais sill nyob rau hauv chav tsev no yuav tsum muaj noo noo resistant, ruaj, resistant rau kev nyuaj siab thiab yooj yim los ntxuav

Yog tias koj xav tsim lub tsev tsev pheeb suab, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias vim qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm txoj kab nqes, lub tsev yuav raug deprived ntawm ntau qhov chaw sab hauv. Ntau tus neeg tsim khoom, yog li ntawd, muab cov tsev qis qis thiab dav dav hauv bungalow txhawm rau txo qhov kev poob qis. Nyob rau theem tsim, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov proportions, tsom rau qhov kev xaiv, uas muaj ob daim duab peb sab ntawm cov duab raug. Cov duab hauv qhov no yuav muaj qee qhov ntau thiab tsawg, xws li: 30, 90 thiab 6

Halabuda tau paub txij thaum ub. Yav tas los, cov vaj tse no tau siv los ua kom muaj sia nyob, tab sis tam sim no lawv tau nce ntxiv rau cov menyuam yaus so thiab ua si. Yuav kom nws ua tau raws li tag nrho cov kev cai, koj yuav tsum xub txiav txim siab rau nws hom

Kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lub suab nrov yog ib txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm hauv nroog vaj tsev. Hauv cov chav uas tsis muaj kev sib cais txaus los ntawm cov peev txheej, tsis tsuas yog lub suab ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze tuaj yeem dhau mus, tab sis kuj muaj kev vibrations thaum lub sij hawm kho kev poob siab. Tag nrho cov no ua rau cov neeg nyob hauv qhov tsis xis nyob, yuam kom lawv nrhiav kev ntxiv ntawm kev txo suab nrov

Cov tswv tsev ntiag tug feem ntau ntsib teeb meem ntawm qhov tsis muaj chaw dawb. Lawv yuav tsum tau mus tas li ntawm cov menyuam yaus cov khoom ua si uas tau tawg mus rau txhua qhov chaw thiab sib cav nrog cov txheeb ze txog lub koom haum ntawm tus kheej qhov chaw. Txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem no thiab ntau lwm yam teeb meem yuav tso cai rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub qab nthab

Cov kav dej yog qhov system uas suav nrog peb lub ntsiab lus: cov kab sab nraud, cov xaim sab hauv thiab cov khoom siv. Cov tes hauj lwm zoo li no, tau kawg, yuav tsum tau teeb tsa thiab tsim ua raws li qee cov qauv

Mosaic los ntawm cov vuas yog ib qho ntawm thawj thiab kev lag luam hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Hom kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm chav tsev no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, tab sis rau niaj hnub no muaj adherents ntawm mosaic décor nyob rau hauv tsim ntawm phab ntsa, countertops, iav, thiab pem teb npog. Kab lus no tham txog cov qauv mosaic, cov ntaub ntawv ua cov vuas thiab yuav ua li cas nteg rau ntawm phab ntsa

Kev kho dua yog lub sijhawm siv sijhawm, thaum lub sijhawm muaj ntau yam nuances yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj npaj mus kom ze rau nws kom huv si thiab xav hloov lub qhov rooj cais cov chav sib cais. Raws li kev xyaum qhia, nws yog nrog lawv cov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws tshwm sim

Nyeem kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov cuab yeej siv phab ntsa plastering, koj yuav tuaj yeem nkag siab tias tus tswv ua haujlwm yuav tsum tsuas yog coj cov hose los ntawm lub cuab yeej, sim ua kom muaj kev sib faib ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw nrog cov beacons. Yog hais tias lub mortar siv ntau dhau, nws yuav txo tau lub zog ntawm plaster. Txwv tsis pub, qhov khoob yuav tshwm sim ntawm phab ntsa

Finnish lub tsev yog deservedly nrov nrog developers. Niaj hnub nimno ntoo ua tshuab, ceev faj tswj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov theem ntawm kev tsim ib lub tsev nce lawv cov kev pab cuam lub neej mus txog 70 xyoo. Lub layout ntawm Finnish lub tsev koom nrog kev tsim cov thav duab: phab ntsa vaj huam sib luag, partitions thiab interfloor ceilings, qhov rais, qhov rooj, ntaiv. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm cov tsev no yog ecological purity ntawm cov ntoo uas lawv tau ua

Kev tsim cov tsev thav duab tau nrov thoob plaws ntiaj teb rau ntau xyoo lawm. Qhov no yog vim muaj coob tus zoo ntawm cov tsev zoo li no. Hauv peb lub tebchaws, kev tsim kho kev tsim kho yog pib xwb. Dab tsi yog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tsev thav duab? Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim kho tshuab, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau muab rau hauv tsab xov xwm

Laminated glazing ntawm cov tsev lag luam tau dhau los ua ntau heev. Ua tsaug rau cov qauv no ntawm glazing, cov tsev lag luam tau txais qhov zoo nkauj txaus nyiam. Koj tuaj yeem kawm txog nws qhov zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv hauv kab lus no

Hnub no, muaj ntau lub tsev nkag thiab cov qhov rooj sab hauv tau muag. Ntawm ntau lub npe, Estet cov khoom sawv tawm. Cov chaw tsim khoom tsim ntau yam qauv ntawm lub qhov rooj, uas yuav tso cai rau koj xaiv qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau koj lub tsev lossis chav tsev. Ua ntej yuav khoom, koj yuav tsum xav txog kev txheeb xyuas cov neeg siv khoom. Muaj ob nqe lus zoo thiab tsis zoo. Nta ntawm Estet qhov rooj, kev tshuaj xyuas cov neeg siv khoom yuav tau tham hauv kab lus

Thaum siv rau cib lossis cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus txheej thickness yog 5 hli. Qhov siab tshaj plaws thickness rau cib yog 25 hli, rau pob zeb los yog reinforced pob zeb - 15 hli. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev siv cov khoom sib tov tiav yog 2 teev. Yog tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau koj txiav txim siab seb qhov twg zoo dua - cement-xuab zeb lossis gypsum plaster, koj yuav tsum xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm yav tom ntej. Ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb, nws tsim nyog hais txog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa thiab kev ua haujlwm ceev

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm Stalin lub tsev? Lub siab qab nthab uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov tsev zoo li no tso cai rau cov neeg tsim qauv nrhiav cov kev daws teeb meem zoo rau cov chav dai kom zoo nkauj. Xav txog qee qhov kev xaiv uas tuaj yeem siv tau hauv Stalinist cov tsev. Lub layout, daim duab uas yog nthuav tawm hauv qab no, yog dai kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv ib tug classic style

Ua-nws-koj tus kheej kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev txhab nyiaj yog ib txoj haujlwm ntev thiab mob siab rau, rau kev siv uas koj thawj zaug yuav tsum tau yuav tag nrho cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom tsim nyog. Kev tsim kho tshuab nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw, nws qhov ntev thiab, ntawm chav kawm, peev nyiaj txiag ntawm tus tswv. Tsab xov xwm txiav txim siab txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ib lub tsev pheeb suab los ntawm npuas blocks thiab ntoo

Txoj kev tsim kho thaj chaw thaj chaw muaj zog xav kom cov tub rog ntawm ntau lub tebchaws siv riam phom zoo. Kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov dej num tshwj xeeb - kev puas tsuaj ntawm txoj kev khiav, lub mine nrog riam phom, cov pob zeb ua vaj tse ntxiv ntawm qhov chaw tua hluav taws - yog ua tau nrog kev siv cov pob zeb tho pob zeb thiab cov foob pob hluav taws

Txoj kev tau txais txiv qaub thiab nws cov khoom tseem ceeb. Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm quenching cov khoom thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb tau txais tom qab ua haujlwm no. Txiv qaub ua khob noom cookie npaj technology. Cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb ntawm nws siv

Laminate flooring yog ib qho pov thawj hauv pem teb uas ruaj khov thiab zoo li yuav yog ib feem ntawm peb lub neej mus ntev. Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov nyiaj. Nws tsis yog kim thiab nyuaj rau khaws cia li parquet, tab sis ntau ruaj tshaj li linoleum. Niaj hnub no, xws li txheej yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua chav, txawm nyob rau hauv xws li teeb meem sawv daws yuav xws li chav ua noj los yog chav dej, nyob rau hauv uas cov tswv feem ntau nyiam porcelain stoneware los yog ceramic vuas

Tau txais kev paub los tsim ib lub voj voog staircase rau hauv pem teb thib ob nrog lawv tus kheej tes, txhua tus neeg yuav muaj sijhawm los kho lawv lub tsev nrog tus qauv qub. Nws tuaj yeem ua tsis tau tsuas yog ua haujlwm tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj tseem ua haujlwm kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Thaum muaj kev nkag siab txog cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi xav tau, yuav ua li cas xam thiab kos ib ntu ntawm kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm, tom qab ntawd yuav muaj kev ntseeg siab rau qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov qauv. Muaj ntau ntau txoj hauv kev los tsim cov kauj ruam

Ib qho kev xaiv zoo los txhim kho koj cov kev nyob hauv nroog yog nrhiav ib chav tsev nyob hauv cov tsev tshiab hauv Cherepovets. Tau ntau xyoo dhau los, kev tsim kho hauv nroog tau nce ntxiv hauv cov kev taw qhia no. Niaj hnub no, ntau tshaj 50 lub tsev tshiab tab tom tsim (los yog twb tau npaj rau kev nyob) ntawm lub khw tseem ceeb

Cov khoom qab zib qhuav ua hauv Belarus - kev rwb thaiv tsev zoo rau cov plag tsev prefabricated. Siv rau theem saum npoo. Cov khoom no txawv ntawm cov av nplaum zoo tib yam hauv cov qauv. Nws tsis siv crushing, vim muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb

Dab tsi yog qhov zoo dua los siv hauv kev tsim kho: ceramic thaiv lossis aerated pob zeb? Kev sib piv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom. Inherent zog thiab cov yam ntxwv sib piv ntawm aerated qhob thiab ceramic blocks. Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo